Crude drug sample data base
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Crude drug name | Market name | Thuwarala |
|---|---|---|
| Formal name | Adhaki | |
Other names Tips！ | Arhar, Tur (T), Arhar, Tur, Tuver (B), Arhar, Tur, Tuver (H), Togari (K), Thuvara (M), Kandulu (Te), Thovaray (Ta), Rata thora (Sin) | |
| English name | Congo Pea, Pigeon Pea, Red Gram | |
| Original plant name | Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (= Cajanus indicus Spreng.), Congo Pea, Pigeon Pea, Red Gram | |
| Family name | Leguminosae | |
| Used part | Classification | Plant origin | Sub classification | aerial part |
| Collection information | Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, Ayurveda Corporation | |
| Collection date | 1983/02/-- | |
| TMPW No. | 1664 | |
Scientific information data base
| Crude drug name | Ayurvedic name or Sanskrit name, English name | Adhaki, Congo Pea, Pigeon Pea, Red Gram | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Synonyms | Tuvari, Nrtyakondaka, Ucchita, Rebhuja, Karabhi, Dardu, Kalavrnta, Kulatthaka, Kulatthascakraka, Tamravarna, Calapaha, Sanapuspi, Varya, Karavirabhuja, Vrttabija. | ||||
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| Original plant name | Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (= Cajanus indicus Spreng.) | ||||
| Family name | Leguminosae | ||||
| Used part | Leaves and seeds | ||||
| Distribution area | Cultivated nearly throughout India upto an altitude of 1800m in the Himalayas. | ||||
| Common uses | Seed is acrid, astringent to the bowels, anthelmintic, alexiteric, restores lost taste, improves complexion and is good for the liver. It is used in the treatment of leprosy, ulcers of the mouth, tumors, bronchitis, vomiting, heart diseases, piles, cough and biliousness. They are indigestible, cause constipation, griping, biliousness, diarrhoea/diarrhea and weakness. Leaves are astringent, sweet, diuretic, laxative, cooling, antiinflammatory, anodyne and are useful in oral ulcers, odontalgia, gingivitis, strangury and inflammations. Pulse and leaves are mixed and made into a paste which is warmed and then applied over the mammae to check the secretion of milk. A poultice made of the seeds checks swellings. | ||||
| Therapeutic uses | Krmi (worm infestation), Arsas (piles), Daha (burning sensation). | ||||
| Chemical constituent | Triterpenoids Betulinic acid (*C1), Euphol (*C3), Tirucallol (*C2), Taraxerol (*C3), Butyrospermol (*C3), 24-Methylene-24-dihydrolanosterol (*C3), Cycloartenol (*C3), alpha-Amyrin (*C3), 24-Methylene-24-dihydroparkeol (*C3), Lupeol (*C3), Cyclobranol (*C3), Simiarenol (*C3) Flavonoids Quercetin (*C2), Quercetin-3-methyl ether (*C2), Isoquercitrin (*C2) Flavones & Flavonols Pinostrobin (*C1) Isoflavones Biochanin (*C1), Genistein (*C1), 2'-Hydroxygenistein (*C1), Cajanol (*C1) Phenol derivatives Longistylin A (*C1), Longistylin C (*C1), 3-Hydroxy-4-phenyl-5-methoxystibene-2-carboxylic acid (*C2) | ||||
| Pharmacological effect | Seeds also contain two alpha-galactosidase, three beta-galactosidase isoenzymes, beta-L-arabinosidase and nicotinamide deamidase (in germinating seeds). They exhibit anti-chymotryptic activity, anti-subtilisin activity, alpha-amylase inhibitory activity (against human salivary and pancreatic amylases), and enterokinase inhibitory activity. | ||||
| Medical system | Ayurveda (Traditional Indian medicine) | ||||
| Traditional concept | Rasa (Taste) | Kasaya (Astringent), Madhura (Sweet), Tikta (Bitter) | |||
| Virya (Potency) | Sita (Cold) | ||||
| Guna (Quality) | Laghu (Light), Ruksa (Dry) | ||||
| Vipaka (Post digestive taste) | Madhura (Sweet) | ||||
| Karma (General action) | Grahini (constipating), Varnya (promotes complexion), Baddha vinmutra (stops passage of stools and urine), Rucya (improves taste), Balya (promotes strength), Adhmanakrt (causes abdominal distension) | ||||
| Dosakarma (Action on dosa) | Decreases Pitta Kapha, increases Vata | ||||
| Mala (Action on excretory mechanism) | Baddha vinmutra (Constipating and blocking urination) | ||||
| Traditional usage | 1. When taken with ghee, Adhaki (Cajanus cajan) is useful in haemorrhoids/hemorrhoids. 2. Tender leaf of Adhaki is useful in worm infestation when taken with ghee. 3. Gruel prepared with Adhaki is useful in diarrhoea/diarrhea caused due to vitiation of Pitta. The same should be consumed with ample amount of ghee in Vatarakta (vata vitiating blood). 4. Inhalation of fumes of the wick prepared out of Adhaki leaves relieve hiccough. | ||||
| Comments | Dhanvantari nighantu, Raja nighantu and regional texts of Kerala like 'Osadhi nighantu' and 'Ayurveda visvakosam' have described three different varieties of this plant according to the colour of the seeds, namely white, red or black. The author of Saligramanighantubhusanam however, has differentiated four varieties of this plant viz. yellow, white, red and black according to the colour of the seeds. Commonly used variety is one with yellow seeds. Its synonym kalavrnta indicates it has got black petiole. Kulatthaka indicates that it bears resemblance with kulattha. Vrttabija indicates that its seeds are round in shape. | ||||
| References | Reference book Tips！ | [2] Indian Medicinal Plants - A Compendium of 500 species, Varier, P.S., Orient Longman Ltd. Chennai (Madras) Vol. 1 (Repr.1996), pp 326-329. Indian Medicinal Plants (Second Edition), Vols. 1-5, 1993. Kirtikar, K.R. and Basu. B.D., Periodical Experts Book Agency, Delhi Vol. 1, pp 809-810. Plants in Ayurveda (A Compendium of Botanical and Sanskrit Names), 1997. Abdul Kareem, M., Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore 286. Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi Vol. 3, p 172. | |||
| Research paper | *C1 Duker-Eshun. G., Jaroezewski, J. W., Asomaning, W. A. Oppong-Boachie, F. and Brogger, C. S.; Phytother. Res., 18, 128-30 (2004). *C2 Green, P. W., Stevenson, P. C., Simmonds, M. S. and Sharma, H. C.; J. Chem. Ecol., 29, 811-21 (2003), *C3 Akihisa, T., Kimura, Y., Roy, K., Ghoshi, P., Thakur, S. and Tamura, T.; Phytochemistry, 35, 1309-13 (1994). | ||||
| Remarks | Pods are used as vegetable. | ||||
| Last renewal date | 2023/11/01 | ||||
