Crude drug sample data base
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Crude drug name | Market name | 和橙皮 |
|---|---|---|
| Formal name | 橙皮 | |
| Japanese name | とうひ, Tōhi | |
| Vernacular name | Watōhi | |
| Latin name | Aurantii Pericarpium (JP) | |
| English name | Bitter Orange Peel (JP) | |
| Original plant name | Citrus aurantium L. var. daidai Makino, (Daidai) | |
| Family name | Rutaceae | |
| Used part | Classification | Plant origin | Sub classification | pericarp of mature fruit |
| Production area information | Japan | |
| Collection information | Japan, Osaka Pref. , Tochimoto Tenkaido Co., Ltd. | |
| Collection date | 1971/04/12 | |
| TMPW No. | 1855 | |
The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative
location of its administrative area is indicated.
location of its administrative area is indicated.
Production area information
Japan
https://ethmed.toyama-wakan.net/img/pin_san.png
34.6937378
135.50216509999996
Collection information
Japan,Osaka Pref.
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Scientific information data base
| Common name | 橙皮（和橙皮）, Tōhi, (Watōhi), Aurantii Pericarpium (JP18), Bitter Orange Peel (JP18) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Synonyms | オレンジ・ピール，ビター・オレンジ | |||||
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| Original plant name | Citrus aurantium Linn.1, Citrus aurantium Linn. var. daidai Makino2, Citrus hassaku Hort. ex Tanaka3, Citrus iyo Hort. ex Tanaka4, (a kind of Kabusu1, Daidai2, Hassaku3 Iyokan4) | |||||
| original plant image |
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| Family name | Rutaceae | |||||
| Used part | pericarp of mature fruit | |||||
| Quality for selection | The good one is large and thick. The inner white peel ( albedo) is removed. (TN) | |||||
| Official compendium | JP XVIII | |||||
| Clinical application | As an aromatic amaroid stomachic, carminative and spice, Aurantii Pericarpium is applied for indigestion, gastroenteritis and hangover. | |||||
| Chemical constituent | Monoterpenoids (*C1): 精油 (1～2.5%): d-Limonene (90%以上), Nerol Triterpenoids (*C1): Limonin Flavones & Flavonols (*C1): Rhoifolin C. aurantium (*C2, C3): 5,7,8,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone, Nobiletin, 3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, Tangeretin, 5-Demethylnobiletin, Rhoifolin, Isosinensetin, Sinensetin, (3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone) C. hassaku (*C3, C4): Nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone, Tangeretin, Rhoifolin, (3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone) C. iyo (*C4): Nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone, Isosinensetin, Sinensetin, 5,7,8,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone, Tangeretin Flavanones & Dihydroflavonols (*C1): Hesperidin, Naringin, Neohesperidin C. aurantium (*C2, C3): Naringin, Neohesperidin, Poncirin, Naringenin, Hesperetin, (Narirutin, Hesperidin) C. hassaku (*C3, C4): Poncirin, Naringenin, Hesperetin, Naringin, Neohesperidin, (Narirutin, Hesperidin) C. iyo (*C4): Hesperidin, Narirutin Coumarins C. aurantium (*C2, C3): Meranzin, Isomeranzin, Meranzin hydrate, Marmin, 5-[(6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl) oxy]-Psoralen C. hassaku (*C3, C4): 5-[(6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl) oxy]-Psoralen, Isomeranzin | |||||
| Chemical structure |   
※画像をクリックすると、拡大して表示されます。 | |||||
| Pharmacological effect | Enhancing bile acid-dependent bile secretion （methanol extract）, sedation, central inhibition （d-limonene）, antiallergy （sinensetin, nobiletin, tangeretin）, antiinflammatory （neohesperidin, sinensetin, nobiletin, tangeretin）, antiulcer （marmin, nobiletin）. | |||||
| DNA sequence | U38312; Traditioal Medical & Parmaceutical Database. | |||||
| Classical reference (Chinese Herbal Classic "Zhenglei bencao") |  ※Click this image to see the actual image | |||||
| Disease | Dyspepsia, Gastroenteritis, Hangover | |||||
| Formulation | Bitter Tincture, Sodium Bicarbonate and Bitter Tincture, Orange Peel Syrup, Orange Peel Tincture, Magnesium Sulfate Mixture | |||||
| References | JP18: The 18th edition of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. C1)The Encyclopedia of Wakan-Yaku with Color Pictures Vol. I, pp 264-265. C2)Nat.Med.,50,114(1996). C3)Nat.Med.,51,205(1997). C4)Nat.Med.,51,231(1997). | |||||
| Remarks | The Japanese Pharmacopoeia defines the pericarp of mature fruit of Citrus aurantium L. or C. aurantium L. var. daidai Makino(=C. aurantium L. subsp. amara Engler) as Tohi. The dried very immature entire fruit of daidai is called Mijukutojitsu (Aurantii Immaturi Fructus). It is called Kyugan on the market and is a substitute for Zhishi (Jap name: Kijitsu). The pericarp of Natsudaidai, or Natsumikan (C. natsudaidai Hayata) is called Natsukawa and is a substitute for Tohi. At present, on Japanese market, the pericarp of Hassaku (C. hassaku Hort. ex Tanaka) and Iyo (C. iyo Hort. ex Tanaka) are also distributed. | |||||
| Last renewal date | 2021/09/27 | |||||
