Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market name杏仁
Formal name杏仁（日本/JP），苦杏仁（中国/CN）
Japanese nameきょうにん, Kyōnin
Vernacular nameXingren
Latin nameArmeniacae Semen (JP), Semen Armeniacae Amarum (CP)
English nameApricot Kernel (JP), Bitter Apricot Seed (CP)
Original plant namePrunus armeniaca L.1, Prunus armeniaca L. var. ansu Maxim.2 or Prunus sibirica L., (Hon'anzu1, Anzu2)
Family nameRosaceae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification seed
Production area informationPeople's Republic of China, Hebei Prov.
Collection informationJapan, Osaka Pref., Tochimoto Tenkaido Co., Ltd.
Collection date2001/07/30
CollectorKatsuko Komatsu
TMPW No.20688

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
38.042805
114.51489300000003
Production area information
People's Republic of China,Hebei Prov.
https://ethmed.toyama-wakan.net/img/pin_san.png
34.6937378
135.50216509999996
Collection information
Japan,Osaka Pref.
https://ethmed.toyama-wakan.net/img/pin_nyu.png

Scientific information data base

Common name杏仁, Xingren, Armeniacae Semen (JP18), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (CP2020), Apricot Kernel (JP18), Bitter Apricot Seed (CP2020)
Synonyms苦杏仁, 苦北杏仁, 龍王大南杏仁
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Original plant namePrunus armeniaca L.1, Prunus armeniaca L. var. ansu Maxim.2, Prunus sibirica L., (Hon'anzu1, Anzu2)
original plant image
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Family nameRosaceae
Used partseed
Quality for selectionGood Xingren is fat and large-fruit. The inside is white. It is used after removing the shell of the semens. (TN)
Official compendiumJP XVIII, CP (2020 ed.)
Clinical applicationAs an antitussive, expectorant and diuretic, xingren is applied for asthma, cough, dyspnea, distension of the gastric region, edema and constipation due to dryness of intestine.
Medical systemTraditional Chinese medicine
Drug effect in
traditional medicine		Traditional
classification		Antitussives and antiasthmatics
Beneficial effect[Property and Flavor] Mild warm; bitter; slightly toxic.
[Meridian Tropism] Lung and large intestine meridians.
[Actions] To direct qi downward, suppress cough, relieve wheezing, moisten the intestines and open the bowels.
[Indications] Cough and wheezing, chest fullness, profuse sputum and constipation caused by intestinal dryness.
Chemical constituentLipids
(*C1):
Oleic acidのグリセライド [glyceride]

Peptide
(*C1):
Emulsin, 抗炎症性タンパク [protein substance with anti-inflammatory property]

Cyanogenic compounds
(*C1):
Amygdalin

Chemical structure

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Pharmacological effectAntipyretic, relaxation of tracheal smooth muscle, antitussive, antiinflammatory, vermifugal and disinfectant.
DNA sequenceAF185620; Traditioal Medical & Parmaceutical Database.
Classical reference
(Chinese Herbal Classic "Zhenglei bencao")		※Click this image to see the actual image
DiseaseAsthma, Cough, Dyspnea, A lot of sputum, Edema, Constipation
FormulationKagaisan, Kamihachimyakusan, Kankonto, Kippihangeto, Kyososan, Keishikakobokukyoninto, Keishinimaoichito, Keishimaokakuhanto, Kobokumaoto, Gokoto, Kokonrokukenzokumeito, Shisoshito, Junchoto, Junhaito, Shoseiryugomakyokansekito, Shozokumeito, Shimpito, Seihaito, Zokumeito, Daiseiryuto, Daizokumeito, Jizenippo, Tokibyakujutsusan, Tokibyakujutsuto, Ninjin-yoei-to, Baimoto, Haiyoto, Hakanto, Bukuryokyoninkanzoto, Maoto, Maokajutsuto, Maokaryojutsubuto, Maorenshosekishozuto, Makyokansekito, Makyoyokukanto, Yohaito, Ryokankyomishingeninto, Ryokankyomishingeninoto, Apricot Kernel Water,
Related drugsTaoren (Peach Kernel)
ReferencesJP18: The 18th edition of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia.
CP2020: Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2020 edi.
C1) The Encyclopedia of Wakan-Yaku with Color Pictures Vol. I, pp 270-272.
RemarksThe Japanese Pharmacopoeia defines the origin of Xingren as seed of P. armeniaca and its variant P. armeniaca var. ausu, and P. sibirica L. (Jap. name: Mōkoanzu). The Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China defines the origin of Kuxingren as seed of P. mandshurica (Maxim.) Koehne (Jap. name: Manshūanzu), in addition to the above. In China, "Tianxingren" (used for food) is distinguished from "Kuxingren" which is used as medicine. Their amygdalin content are different. The amygdalin content in "Kuxnigren" is 3 to 5% and that in "Tianxingren" is 0.11%. The amygdalin is transformed into mandelonitorile by emulsin (beta-glucosidase) etc., which coexist in Xingren. Finally, it generates benzaldehyde, glucose and hydrocyanic acid.
"Xingrenshui" (Jap. name: Kyōninsui) is a cough remedy and expectorant drug, which has major components of benzaldehyde and hydrocyanic acid. "Kyōninsui" is manufactured by steam distillation of "Xingren" after removing the fatty oil.
"Taoren" (Peach Kernel) is another crude drug of semens which belongs to genus Purunus and contains amygdalin (approximately 2%). Xingren has the benefit of promoting the normal flow of vital energy and water in the Five Elements. It is used for the syndrome of upper burner and applied for the constipation with stagnation of qi. Meanwhile, "Taoren" has the benefit of promoting circulation of blood. It is used for the syndrome of lower burner and applied to the constipation with blood stasis.
Last renewal date2021/09/27
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