Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market nameTEMU LAWAK
Original plant nameCurcuma xanthorrhiza D. Dietr.
Family nameZingiberaceae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification rhizome
Collection informationRepublic of Indonesia, Surakarta, Central Java Prov., PASAR LEGI
Collection date2010/09/17
CollectorKatsuko Komatsu, et al.
TMPW No.27128

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
Production area information
https://ethmed.toyama-wakan.net/img/pin_san.png
-7.575488699999999
110.82432719999997
Collection information
Republic of Indonesia,Surakarta, Central Java Prov.
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Scientific information data base

Crude drug nameIndonesian name,
English name		Temulawak
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Original plant nameCurcuma xanthorrhiza D. Dietr.
Family nameZingiberaceae
Used partRhizome
Distribution areaIt is cultivated in Java up to 1800 m altitude. It sometimes grows in the home garden [201, 222].
DescriptionThe outer side of the rhizome is pale yellow and inner side is yellow.
The plant is an herb, 2.5 m high, it has strong fragrant and bitter taste. Flowers are reddish white or yellow [222].
Drug effectPungent, bitter, cooling, improving blood circulation [222].
Specific actionsCholeretic, cholagogue, anti-inflammatory [222].
Frequency in useAbundant
Common usesRhizomes contain good quality of starches which are easily digested and thus are good food for children . It is also used as a coloring agent. Yellow pandan leaves are made by boiling the leaves in a mixture of extract of C. xanthorrhiza rhizomes with sap of bark of Garcinia dulcis. Better result is obtained by adding aluin, lemon juice or tamarind fruit [201].
Pharmacological effectXanthorrhizol from Curcuma xanthorrhiza exerts anti-metastatic activity in vivo in mouse lung metastasis model and this effect could be highly linked to the metastasis-related multiplex signal pathway including extracellular signal-regulated kinase, cyclooxygenase-2, and matrix metalloproteinase- 9 [PMID: 15567173].

Curcumin from C. xanthorrhiza and C. domestica was investigated to define the dosage capable of producing a 50% contraction of the gall bladder. This study did not show any linear relationship between doubling curcumin dosage and the doubling of gall bladder contraction [PMID: 12495265].

Xanthorrhizol, isolated from the methanol extract of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., showed a potent anticandidal activity and this may support the use of the plant for the treatment of candidiasis [PMID: 16617064].

The anti-metastatic activity of xanthorrhizol was evaluated by using an in vivo mouse lung metastasis model and a tumor mass formation assay. Interestingly, xanthorrhizol dramatically inhibited the formation of tumor nodules in the lung tissue and the intra-abdominal tumor mass formation. The conclusion is that xanthorrhizol exerts anti-metastatic activity in vivo and this effect could be highly linked to the metastasis-related multiplex signal pathway [PMID: 15567173].

A study was conducted to investigate the activities of xanthorrhizol as an antioxidant or antiinflammatory agent using neuronal and microglial cells. Results suggest that xanthorrhizol could be an effective candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disease-related ROS and inflammation [PMID: 16273545].

Ten compounds isolated from Alpinia mutica Roxb., Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. and Kaempferia rotunda Linn. (Family: Zingiberaceae) were investigated for their platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonistic activities on rabbit platelets using 3H- 3H-PAF as a ligand. The results indicated that these compounds were relatively strong PAF receptor binding inhibitors [PMID: 15742349].
Medical systemIndonesian medicine (Jamu)
Traditional usageIt is used against jaundice, biliary calculus, nephritis, malaria, hypercholesterol, constipation. It is also used as a galactogogue. [201, 207, 222].
Extract of the rhizomes is widely used and popularly known as a medicine for liver disorders (hepatitis etc.); also in the treatment of high blood cholesterol.
A drink made from the rhizome is declared as a national drink based on its antioxidant, immunostimulator, immunomodulator properties.
A combination of the rhizome with Coleus scutellaroides Benth. and aluin is used to enhance cleansing womb after childbirth.
To maintain the function of gall bladder, 25 grams of sliced rhizomes are boiled with 500 grams of water to obtain 300 grams of decoction. Drink the decoction little by little during the day. Juice made from grated fresh mother rhizomes which are squeezed using cloth can also be used. Let the juice stands for a moment to precipitate its starch content, add some lemon juice and take 1 wine-glass of juice every morning [201].
Formulation1) Menstrual cramp:
 7 pieces of rhizomes, a small amount of tamarind pulp, a small amount of coconut sugar are boiled or steeped with 110 ml of water to make 100 ml of decoction or tea. Drink 100 ml of the decoction or tea once a day, 3 days prior to the estimated menstruation date and continued until the cramp is cured [222].
ReferencesReference book　

Tips！

[201] K. Heyne, Tumbuhan Berguna Indonesia, Vols. 1-4, 1987. Diedarkan Oleh Koperasi Karyawan Departemen Kehutanan, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Vol. 1 p 601-602.

[207] Badan Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Kesehatan and Departemen Kesehatan, Kesejahteraan Sosial Ri. Vols. 1-5, Inventaris Tanaman Obat Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Vol. 1, Part 1 (2000), pp 85-86.

[222] P.T. Eisai Indonesia: Medical Herb Index in Indonesia (Second edition).1995.
p 272.

[231] Soedibyo, Mooryati: Alam Sumber Kesehatan: Manfaat dan Kegunaan (Natural resources for health. Benefits and uses). Balai Pustaka. 1998.
pp 368-371.

Research paper1. Rukayadi Y, Yong D, Hwang JK. In vitro anticandidal activity of xanthorrhizol isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 57(6):1231-4, 2006. (PMID: 16617064)

2. Lim CS, Jin DQ, Mok H, Oh SJ, Lee JU, Hwang JK, Ha I, Han JS. Antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities of xanthorrhizol in hippocampal neurons and primary cultured microglia. J. Neurosci. Res., 15;82(6):831-8, 2005. (PMID: 16273545)

3. Jantan I, Pisar M, Sirat HM, Basar N, Jamil S, Ali RM, Jalil J. Inhibitory effects of compounds from Zingiberaceae species on platelet activating factor receptor binding. Phytother. Res., 18(12):1005-7, 2004. (PMID: 15742349)

4. Choi MA, Kim SH, Chung WY, Hwang JK, Park KK. Xanthorrhizol, a natural sesquiterpenoid from Curcuma xanthorrhiza, has an anti-metastatic potential in experimental mouse lung metastasis model. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 7;326(1):210-7, 2005. (PMID: 15567173)

5. Rasyid A, Rahman AR, Jaalam K, Lelo A. Effect of different curcumin dosages on human gall bladder. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr., 11(4):314-8, 2002. (PMID: 12495265)
Remarks[DNA sequences] HM016510, HM016511, AB370944, DQ471976
Last renewal date2024/03/18
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