Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market name柴胡
Formal name柴胡
Japanese nameさいこ, Saiko
Vernacular nameSiho
Latin nameBupleuri Radix (JP), (CP)
English nameBupleurum Root (JP), Chinese Thorowax Root (CP)
Original plant nameBupleurum falcatum L., (Mishimasaiko)
Family nameUmbelliferae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification root
Production area informationRepublic of Korea, Deogyusan
Collection date1973/09/29
CollectorTsuneo Namba, et al.
TMPW No.294

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
35.860556
127.74638900000002
Production area information
Republic of Korea,Deogyusan
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Collection information
https://ethmed.toyama-wakan.net/img/pin_nyu.png

Scientific information data base

Common name柴胡, Chaihu, Bupleuri RadixJP,CP, Bupleurum RootJP, Chinese Thorowax RootCP
Synonyms北柴胡，津柴胡，植柴胡
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Original plant nameBupleurum falcatum Linn., (Mishimasaiko)
original plant image
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Family nameUmbelliferae
Used partroot
Quality for selectionThose with large, well-hydrated roots and few remnants of aerial stems and leaves are considered to be of good quality (TN).
Official compendiumJP XIX, CP (2025 edi.)
Clinical applicationIt is used as an antipyretic, detoxifying, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory agent for conditions such as hypochondriac fullness and discomfort (tenderness in the chest and hypochondriac regions), alternating chills and fever (periodic fever, such as that associated with malaria), jaundice, chronic hepatitis, chronic nephritis, and metabolic disorders. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is regarded as the principal medicinal in the treatment of Shaoyang disease.
Medical systemTraditional Chinese medicine
Drug effect in
traditional medicine		Traditional
classification		Diaphoretics with cold property
Beneficial effect[Property and Flavor] Mild cold; pungent, bitter.
[Meridian Tropism] Spleen, lung, heart and kidney meridians.
[Actions] To disperse and reduce fever, soothe the liver to resolve depression, upraise yang qi.
[Indications] Common cold with fever, alternating chills and fever, distending pain in the chest and the hypochondrium, menstrual irregularities, uterine prolapse, and prolapse of the rectum.
Chemical constituentFatty acids
(*C1):
Stearic acid, Oleic acid, Linolic acid, Linolenic acid

Sugar
(*C1):
Adonitol

Triterpenoids
(*C1):
Saikogenin E, Saikogenin F, Saikogenin G
B. falcatum (*C2,C3,C4):
Prosaikogenin F, Prosaikogenin G, Prosaikogenin A, Prosaikogenin D, Saikogenin F, Saikogenin G, Saikogenin A, Saikogenin D, Saikogenin E

Triterpenoid saponins
(*C1):
Saikosaponin a, Saikosaponin b, Saikosaponin c, Saikosaponin d, Saikosaponin e, Saikosaponin f
B. falcatum (*C2,C3,C4):
Saikosaponin a, Saikosaponin d, Saikosaponin b1, Saikosaponin b2, Saikosaponin c

Sterols
(*C1):
α-Spinasterol, Stigmasterol, ⊿7-Stigmastenol, ⊿22-Stigmastenol

Chemical structure




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Pharmacological effectCrude saponin fraction: central nervous system depressant, analgesic, antitussive, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects; inhibitory effects on stress-induced ulcers; and diuretic activity.

Saikogenin A: central nervous system depressant, analgesic, antitussive, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Methanol-soluble and water-soluble fractions: analgesic and anti-ulcer effects.

Saikogenin A and D: anti-inflammatory effects; enhancement of hepatic protein synthesis; an increase in hepatic glycogen content; and inhibition of increases in cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid concentrations.
DNA sequenceAF077877, AJ131344, U50224, U58552, D63489; Traditioal Medical & Parmaceutical Database.
Classical reference
(Chinese Herbal Classic "Zhenglei bencao")		※Click this image to see the actual image
DiseaseLiver cirrhosis, Fever, Alternating cold and fever, Feeling of bitter in the mouth, Depression, Restlessness, Pain due to flatulence of hypochondrium, Irregular menstruation, Chronic diarrhea, Hematochezia due to proctoptosis, Descent of the uterus
FormulationIoto, Ekkiyoeito, En'nenhangeto, Ogibekkoto, Orengedokuto, Otsujito, Kairosan, Kagenshosaikoto, Kamikihito, Kamishoyosan, Kamishoyosangoshimotsuto, Kangento, Kippihangeto, Kumisaikoto, Kumihangeto, Keigairengyoto, Keigairengyoto, Saikatsugekito, Saikanto, Saikokaboshoto, Saikokaryukotsuboreito, Saikokyohangekakaroto, Saikokeishito, Saikokeishikankyoto, Saikokobokuto, Saikoshimotsuto, Saikoseikansan, Saikosokanto, Saikobekkoto, Saikoyoeito, Saishakurikkunshito, Saibokuto, Saireito, Jiinshihoto, Shigyakusan, Jijintsujito, Shisoshito, Jumihaidokuto, Shunrinshakusekishito, Shosaikoto, Shosaikotokaorenbukuryo, Shosaikotokakikyosekko, Shosaikogohangekobokuto, Shoyosan, Shoyosankato, Joshitsuhokito, Joyowaketsuto, Jingyobekkoto, Jingyobofuto, Jintanto, Shimpito, Seinetsuhoketsuto, Daisaikoto, Chikujountanto, Chimobukuryoto, Tonsonto, Ninjinsan, Ninjin-yoei-to, Haidokuto, Baimoto, Hachimishoyosan, Hochuekkito, Yohaito, Yokukansan, Yokukansankachinpihangeto, Yokukansankachinpihangeto, Reiyoukakuin
Related drugsYinchaihu (Stellariae Radix)
ReferencesJP: The 19th edition of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia.
CP: Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2025 edi.
C1)The Encyclopedia of Wakan-Yaku with Color Pictures Vol. I, pp 121-124.
C2)J.Trad.Med.,14,34(1997).
C3)Biol.Pharm.Bull.,20,1274(1997).
C4)Biol.Pharm.Bull.,21,588(1998).
RemarksIn the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (2025), the dried roots of Bupleurum chinense DC. and B. scorzonerifolium Willd. are specified as Chinese Bupleurum. The former is referred to as "Bei Chaihu" or "Jin Chaihu," while the latter is called "Nan Chaihu" or "Hong Chaihu."
In the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (14th edi., 1st Suppl), the Chinese B. chinense and B. scorzonerifolium are regarded as regional variants of B. falcatum and treated as the same species; accordingly, they are defined as the root of B. falcatum.
Last renewal date2026/10/02
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