Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market nameキジツ（ナツミカン） [NIB-814]
Formal name枳実
Vernacular nameKijitsu
Latin nameAurantii Fructus Immaturus (JP), (CP)
English nameImmature Orange (JP)
Original plant nameCitrus natsudaidai Hayata
Family nameRutaceae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification immature fruit
Production area informationJapan
Collection informationJapan, Ibaraki Pref., National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
Collection date2014/6/2
CollectorKatsuko Komatsu
Remarks [NIB-814]
TMPW No.29566

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
Production area information
Japan
https://ethmed.toyama-wakan.net/img/pin_san.png
36.3418112
140.4467935
Collection information
Japan,Ibaraki Pref.
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Scientific information data base

Common name枳実 （日本産/JP production）, Kijitsu, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (JP18), Immature Orange (JP18)
Synonyms小枳実, 枳殻, 川枳殻
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Original plant nameCitrus hassaku Hort.ex Tanaka1, C. natsudaidai Hayata2, (C. iyo Hort. ex Tanaka3, C. aurantium L.4), (Hassaku1, Natsudaidai2 [Iyo3, a type of Kabusu4])
original plant image
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Family nameRutaceae
Used partimmature fruit
Quality for selectionGood Zhishi is 2 cm in diameter, and has thick blue black skin. Zhishi is a kind of liuchen. The older the better. (TN)
Official compendiumJP XVIII, CP (2020 ed.)
Clinical applicationAs an aromatic stomachic, zhishi is applied for indigestion, abdominal distention, constipation, stomachache and phlegm syndrome. Though the effects are similar to zhiqiao, it is stronger in action.
Medical systemTraditional Chinese medicine
Drug effect in
traditional medicine		Traditional
classification		Carminatives for regulating flow of Qi
Beneficial effect[Property and Flavor] Mild cold; bitter pungent and sour.
[Meridian Tropism] Spleen and stomach meridians.
[Actions] To break qi, eliminate accumulation, resolve phlegm and dissipate stuffiness.
[Indications] Interior retention of accumulation and stagnation, stuffiness and fullness, distending pain, tenesmus caused by diarrhea and dysentery, constipation, phlegm stagnation and qi obstruction, chest impediment, chest bind, splanchnoptosis.
Chemical constituentOther aliphatic and related compounds
Citrus spp. (*C1):
クエン酸 [citric acid]

Monosaccharides
Citrus spp. (*C1):
Vitamin C

Polysaccharides
Citrus spp. (*C1):
ペクチン質 [pectic substance]

Monoterpenoids
Citrus spp. (*C1):
d-Limonene

Triterpenoids
Citrus spp. (*C1):
Limonin

Flavones & Flavonols
C. hassaku (*C2,C5):
Nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone, Tangeretin, Rhoifolin, (3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone)
C. natsudaidai (*C2,C3,C4,C5):
5,7,8,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone, Nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone, 3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, Tangeretin, Rhoifolin, (Tetra-O-methylscutellarein, Isosinensetin)
C. aurantium (*C4,C5):
5,7,8,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone, Nobiletin, 3-Hydroxy-3',4',5,6,7,8-Hexamethoxyflavone, Tangeretin, 5-Demethylnobiletin, Rhoifolin, Isosinensetin, Sinensetin, (3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone)
C. iyo (*C5)
Nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone, Isosinensetin, Sinensetin, 5,7,8,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone, Tangeretin
C. kinokuni (*C5):
Isosinensetin, Sinensetin, 5,7,8,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone, Nobiletin, Tetra-O-methylscutellarein, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone, 3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, Tangeretin, 5-Demethylnobiletin, (5-Hydroxy-7,8,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone)

Flavanones & Dihydroflavonols
C. hassaku (*C2,C5):
Poncirin, Naringenin, Hesperetin, Naringin, Neohesperidin, (Narirutin, Hesperidin)
C. natsudaidai (*C2,C3,C4,C5):
Poncirin, Naringenin, Naringin, Neohesperidin, Hesperetin, (Narirutin, Hesperidin)
C. aurantium (*C4,C5):
Naringin, Neohesperidin, Poncirin, Naringenin, Hesperetin, (Narirutin, Hesperidin)
C. iyo (*C5)
Hesperidin, Narirutin
C. kinokuni (*C5):
Naringenin, Hesperetin, Narirutin, Hesperidin, (Poncirin)

Coumarins
C. hassaku (*C2):
5-[(6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl) oxy]-Psoralen, Isomeranzin
C. natsudaidai (*C2,C3,C4,C5):
Meranzin hydrate, Marmin, Isomeranzin, 5-[(6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl) oxy]-Psoralen, Isoimperatorin, Meranzin, Oxypeucedanin, Epoxyaurapten, (Phellopterin, Imperatorin)
C. aurantium (*C4,C5):
Meranzin, Isomeranzin, Meranzin hydrate, Marmin, 5-[(6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl) oxy]-Psoralen
C. kinokuni (*C5):
Isomeranzin

Alkaloids
Citrus spp. (*C6):
Synephrine
(*C7):
N-Methylthyramine

Others
Citrus spp. (*C1):
Ca塩 [CaCl2], K塩 [KCl]

Chemical structure




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Pharmacological effectAntiallergic (water extract, sinensetin, nobiletin, tangeretin), antiinflammatory (neohesperidin，sinensetin，nobiletin，tangeretin），antiulcer （marmin，nobiletin） and analgesic （isoimperatorin）．
DNA sequenceU38312; Traditioal Medical & Parmaceutical Database.
Classical reference
(Chinese Herbal Classic "Zhenglei bencao")		※Click this image to see the actual image
DiseaseAbdominal pain, Constipation, Diarrhea, Full stomach, , Stomachache, Anorexia
FormulationInchinsan, Untanto, En'nenhangeto, Kamiuntanto, Kamishokankyoto, Kamijokito, Karoto, Kanroin, Kijitsushishishito, Kijitsushishidaioshito, Kijitsudaioto, Kijutsuto, Kippikijitsushokyoto, Gyakubanto, Keishishokyokijitsuto, Kochinmuyusan, Gohekiin, Kobokusammotsuto, Kobokushichimotsuto, Saikosokanto, Saikobekkoto, Shigyakusan, Shishikobokuto, Shishidaioto, Shakuyakuto, Junkiwachuto, Shojokito, Shobaito, Shohito, Seichuankaito, Daikenchuto, Daijokito, Chikujountanto, Jizutsuippo, Tokibyakujutsusan, Tokibyakujutsuto, Tokiyoketsuto, Ninjin-yoei-to, Haidokuto, Hainosankyuto, Bukuryoin, Bunshoto, Henseishinkiin, Hontonto, Yohaito, Ryokito, Rengyoto, Rengyoto, Kaishun'inchinsan
Related drugsZhishi (Immature Orange produced in China), Zhiqiao (Orange Fruit), Chenpi (Dried Tangerine Peel), Qingpi (Green Tangerine Peel), Chengpi (Bitter Orange Peel)
ReferencesJP18: The 18th edition of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia.
CP2020: Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2020 edi.
C1)The Encyclopedia of Wakan-Yaku with Color Pictures Vol. I, pp 261-264.
C2)Nat.Med.,51,231(1997).
C3)Nat.Med.,51,84(1997).
C4)Nat.Med.,50,114(1996).
C5)Nat.Med.,51,205(1997).
C6)Shoyakugaku Zasshi,46,150(1992).
C7)Outline of Pharmacognosy, a Textbook, pp272-273.
Last renewal date2021/09/27
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