Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market nameキジツ（枳穀） [NIB-834]
Formal name枳殼（枳殻）
Japanese nameきこく, Kikoku
Vernacular nameZhiqiao
Latin nameAurantii Fructus (CP)
English nameOrange Fruit (CP)
Original plant nameCitrus sp.
Family nameRutaceae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification immature fruit
Production area informationPeople's Republic of China, Zhejiang Prov.
Collection informationJapan, Ibaraki Pref., National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
Collection date2014/6/2
CollectorKatsuko Komatsu
Remarks [NIB-834]
TMPW No.29585

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
30.274084
120.15507000000002
Production area information
People's Republic of China,Zhejiang Prov.
https://ethmed.toyama-wakan.net/img/pin_san.png
36.3418112
140.4467935
Collection information
Japan,Ibaraki Pref.
https://ethmed.toyama-wakan.net/img/pin_nyu.png

Scientific information data base

Common name枳殼 （中国産/CN production）, Zhiqiao, Aurantii Fructus (CP2020), Orange Fruit (CP2020)
Synonyms小枳実, 川枳殻
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Original plant nameCitrus aurantium L.1, C. natsudaidai Hayata2, (C. wilsonii, C. reticulata, C. unshiu, Poncirus trifoliata), (Santō1, Natsudaidai2)
original plant image
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Family nameRutaceae
Used partmature fruit
Quality for selectionGood Zhiqiao is not too big and the color is blue black. (NI)
Official compendiumCP (2020 ed.)
Clinical applicationAs an aromatic amaroid stomachic, expectorant, laxative and for draining pus, zhiqiao is applied for a feeling of fullness in the chest and abdomen, pectoralgia, phlegm syndrome and constipation. The behavior is more moderate than zhishi.
Medical systemTraditional Chinese medicine
Drug effect in
traditional medicine		Traditional
classification		Carminatives for regulating flow of Qi
Beneficial effect[Property and Flavor] Mild cold; bitter pungent and sour.
[Meridian Tropism] Spleen and stomach meridians.
[Actions] To regulate qi and soothe the middle, move stagnation to relieve distention.
[Indications] Qi stagnation in the chest and the hypochondrium, distention and fullness with pain, food retention, phlegm-fluid retention, splanchnoptosis.
Chemical constituentOther aliphatic and related compounds
Citrus spp. (*C1):
クエン酸 [citric acid]

Monosaccharides
Citrus spp. (*C1):
Vitamin C

Polysaccharides
Citrus spp. (*C1):
ペクチン質 [pectic substance]

Monoterpenoids
Citrus spp. (*C1):
d-limonene

Triterpenoids
Citrus spp. (*C1):
Limonin

Flavones & Flavonols
C. aurantium (*C2,C4,C5):
Isosinensetin, Sinensetin, 5,7,8,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone, 3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, Tangeretin, 5-Demethylnobiletin, Rhoifolin, Nobiletin, (Tetra-O-methylscutellarein, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone)
C. natsudaidai (*C2,C3,C4,C5):
Nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone, 3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, Tangeretin, Rhoifolin, 5,7,8,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone, (5-Demethylnobiletin, Tetra-O-methylscutellarein, Isosinensetin)
C. wilsonii (*C2,C5):
Nobiletin, Tetra-O-oethylscutellarein, Tangeretin
C. unshiu (*C3,C4,C5):
Isosinensetin, Nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone, 3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, 5,7,8,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone, Tangeretin, Sinensetin,
C. sinensis (*C4,C5):
Sinensetin, Nobiletin, Tetra-O-methylscutellarein, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone, Tangeretin, 5-Demethylnobiletin, Isosinensetin, 5,7,8,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone, (3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-Hexamethoxyflavone)
C. ichangensis (*C5):
Tangeretin
C. junos (*C5):
3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone
P. trifoliata (*C2):
Tangeretin

Flavanones & Dihydroflavonols
C. aurantium (*C2,C4,C5):
Poncirin, Naringenin, Naringin, Neohesperidin, Hesperetin, (Narirutin, Hesperidin)
C. natsudaidai (*C2,C3,C4,C5):
Poncirin, Naringenin,Naringin, Neohesperidin, Hesperetin, (Narirutin, Hesperidin)
C. wilsonii (*C2,C5):
Naringenin, Naringin, (Hesperidin)
C. unshiu (*C4,C5):
Narirutin, Hesperidin, (Naringi)
C. sinensis (*C4,C5):
Narirutin, Hesperidin
C. ichangensis (*C5):
Naringenin, Hesperetin, Narirutin, Naringin
C. junos (*C5):
Poncirin, Hesperetin, Naringin, Neohesperidin, (Narirutin)
P. trifoliata (*C2):
Poncirin, Naringenin, Isosakuranetin, Narirutin, Naringin

Coumarins
C. aurantium (*C2,C4,C5):
Meranzin hydrate, Marmin, Isomeranzin, 5-[(6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl) oxy]-psoralen, Meranzin
C. natsudaidai (*C2,C3,C4,C5):
Meranzin hydrate, Isoimperatorin, Meranzin, Marmin, Isomeranzin, Epoxyaurapten, Isoimperatorin, Oxypeucedanin, (Imperatorin, Phellopterin)
C. wilsonii (*C2,C5):
Marmin, Isomeranzin, Imperatorin, Isoimperatorin, 5-[(6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl) oxy]-psoralen, Epoxyaurapten, Isoimperatorin
C. ichangensis (*C5):
Meranzin hydrate, Limettin, Meranzin, Marmin, Isomeranzin, 5-[(6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl) oxy]-psoralen, Epoxyaurapten
C. junos (*C5):
Phellopterin
P. trifoliata (*C2):
Isomeranzin, Poncimarin, Isoponcimarin, Imperatorin,
Phellopterin, Isoimperatorin

Alkaloids
Citrus spp. (*C6):
Synephrine
(*C7):
N-Methylthyramine

Others
Citrus spp. (*C1):
Ca塩 [CaCl2], K塩 [KCl]

Chemical structure





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Pharmacological effectAntiallergic (water extract, sinensetin, nobiletin, tangeretin), antiinflammatory (neohesperidin，sinensetin，nobiletin，tangeretin），antiulcer （marmin，nobiletin） and analgesic （isoimperatorin）．
DNA sequenceU38312, AF312228, AF206997, AJ235806; Traditioal Medical & Parmaceutical Database.
Classical reference
(Chinese Herbal Classic "Zhenglei bencao")		※Click this image to see the actual image
DiseaseAbdominal pain, Constipation, Diarrhea, Full stomach, , Stomachache, Anorexia
FormulationUyakujunkisan, Kagenryokakusan, Katsuketsusan'oto, Keigairengyoto, Keigairengyoto, Kokikososan, Goshakusan, Saikosokanto, Jippito, Jurokumiryukiin, Junchoto, Jin'en'ippo, Jinsoin, Seijobofuto, Seineitsugeutsuto, Seiryoin, Tsudosan
Related drugsKikoku (Orange Fruit produced in Japan), Zhishi (Immature Orange Fruit), Chenpi (Dried Tangerine Peel), Qingpi (Green Tangerine Peel), Chengpi (Bitter Orange Peel)
ReferencesCP2020: Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2020 edi.
C1)The Encyclopedia of Wakan-Yaku with Color Pictures Vol. I, pp 261-264.
C2)Nat.Med.,51,231(1997).
C3)Nat.Med.,51,84(1997).
C4)Nat.Med.,50,114(1996).
C5)Nat.Med.,51,205(1997).
C6)Shoyakugaku Zasshi,46,150(1992).
C7)Outline of Pharmacognosy, a Textbook, pp 272-273.
Last renewal date2023/01/17
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