Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market nameLal mirch
Formal nameKatuvira
Other names　　　

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Chilli-purple, red or yellow (T), Lankamorich, Lalmorich (B), Lal mirch (H), Menasinakaayi (K), Mulaku, Kappalmulaku (M), Mira-pakaya, Soodimirapakaya (Te), Milagai (Ta)
English nameRed Chillies, Long Chillies
Original plant nameCapsicum annuum Linn. (= Capsicum frutescens C. B. Clarke non L.), Red Chillies, Long Chillies
Family nameSolanaceae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification fruit
Collection informationIndia, New Delhi, Hans Raj & Sons
Collection date1991/05/07
CollectorTsuneo Namba, et al.
TMPW No.12046

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
Production area information
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28.6139391
77.20902120000005
Collection information
India,New Delhi
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Scientific information data base

Crude drug nameAyurvedic name or
Sanskrit name, English name		Katuvira, Red Chillies, Long Chillies
SynonymsJvalatiksna, Tivrasakti, Videsaja, Raktakhyamarica, Dirghaphala, Ajada.
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Original plant nameCapsicum annuum Linn. (= Capsicum frutescens C. B. Clarke non L.)
Family nameSolanaceae
Used partFruits
Distribution areaExtensively cultivated throughout India upto an altitude of 2100m, and constitutes the principal source of dry chilli of commerce.
RemarksCommonly cultivated.
Common usesFruit is a powerful irritant, rubefacient, carminative, stimulant and used in putrid sore throat, scarlatina, hoarseness, dyspepsia, yellow fever, diarrhoea/diarrhea, piles and snake, dog and scorpion poison. It is an excellent remedy in atonic and flatulent dyspepsia and dipsomania. In the form of ointment of plasters, it is used externally in the treatment of rheumatism, lumbago and neuralgia.

Capsicum wool prepared by dissolving the oleo-resin in ether and pouring it on absorbent cotton wool is useful in rheumatoid affection.
Capsicum tincture has been used externally in the treatment of chilblains.
Therapeutic usesAjirna (indigestion), Visucika (cholera), Vrana (wounds), Tandra (stupour/stupor), Moha (unconsciousness), Svarabheda (voice disorders)
Chemical constituentFatty acids
(E,E)-9-Oxooctadeca-10-12-dienoic acid (*C10), (E,Z)-9-Oxooctadeca-10-12-dienoic acid (*C10)

Other aliphatic and related compounds
Ascorbic acid (*C4, *C9), Apo-14’-zeaxanthinal (*C14), Apo-14’-zeaxanthinone (*C14), Apo-12’-capsorubinal(*C14), Apo-8’-zeaxanthinal (*C14), Apo-8’-capsorubinal(*C14), 9.9’-Diapo-10,9’-retro-carotene-9,9’-dione (*C14), Apo-10’-zeaxanthinal (*C14), Apo-12’-zeaxanthinal (*C14), Apo-15-zeaxanthinal (*C14), Apo-11-zeaxanthinal (*C14), Apo-9-zeaxanthinone (*C14)

Diterpenoids
.Capsianside F (*C1), .Capsianside G (*C1), .Capsianside H (*C1), .Capsianside VI (*C1), .Capsianside X (*C1), .Capsianside XI (*C1)

Carotenoids & Vitamin A
Provitamin A (*C9)

Carotenoids
beta-Carotine (*C4, *C5), Capsanthin (*C4, *C5), Capsorubin (*C5), Zeaxanthin (*C5), Capsanthin 5,6-epoxide (*C5), ), Cucurbitaxanthin A (*C5, *C6, *C27), Capsanthin 3,6-epoxide (*C5, *C6), Karpoxanthin (*C5), Cucurbitaxanthin B (*C5, *C6), Cycloviolaxanthin (*C5, *C6), Antheraxanthin (*C5), Violaxanthin (*C5), Capsanthone (*C5, *C18), Nigroxanthin (*C5), beta-Cryptoxanthin (*C5), 5,6-Diepickarpoxanthin (*C7), 5,6-Diepilactoxanthin (*C7), 5,6-Diepicapsokarpoxanthin (*C7), Capxanthone 3,6-epoxide (*C11), Prenigroxanthin (*C15)

Steroid saponins & Sapogenins
Capsicoside C2 (*C2), Capsicoside C3 (*C2), Capsicosine D1 (*C3), Capsicosine E1 (*C3),Capsicoside A2 (*C19), Capsicoside A3 (*C19), Capsicoside B2 (*C19), Capsicoside B3 (*C19), Capsicoside E1 (*C21), Capsicoside A1 (*C22), Capsicoside B1 (*C22), Capsicoside C1 (*C22)

Flavonoids
Myricetin (*C12), Quercetin (*C12), Kaempferol (*C12), Luteolin (*C12), Apigenin (*C12), 3,5,7,3’,4’-Pentahydroxyflavone (*C23), 5,7,3’,4’-Tetrahydroxyflavone (*C2)

Phenol derivatives
Capsiate (*C8), Dihydrocapsiate (*C8), 2-Methoxy-4-nitophenol (*C26), N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-8-methyl-6-nonenamide (E) (*C26

Vitamin E (Tocopherols)
alpha-Tocophenol (*C13)

Amino acids
Asparagine (*C4), Glutamine (*C4), Glutamic acid (*C4), Tryptophan (*C4), Aspartic acid (*C4)

Alkaloids
Capsaicin (*C16, *C17)

Capsaicins
Nordihydrocapsaicin (*C4), Capsaicin (*C4), Dihydrocapsaicin (*C4), Vanillyl dacanamide (*C4), Homodihydrocapsaicin (*C4)

Others
5-Epi-aristolochene 3-hydroylase (*C24), 34 kiloDalton beta-1,3-glucanase (*C25)

Pharmacological effectVitamin P protects the body from the damage due to secondary atomic irradiation. Intravenous administration of capsaicin in sufficient doses in drugs produces apnoea, bradycardia and hypertension whereas its continued sub-cutaneous or intra-peritoneal administration into guinea pigs and rats makes them tolerant to various irritants including capsaicin. Capsaicin has been shown to be a stresser agent and produces rise in corticosterone level. When applied to human skin capsaicin produces erythema and burning without blistering. Intra-gastrically, capsaicin promotes ulceration. The crude extract of chillies causes a dose dependant decrease in fasting blood glucose levels in rats. Chillies stimulate the secretion of saliva and gastric juice and increases peristaltic movements and mobility of stomach. Capsicum tincture has been used in atonic conditions of stomach, especially in alcoholic gastritis. But capsicum should be excluded from the diet of patients suffering from the diseases of kidneys or genito-urinary systems.
Medical systemAyurveda (Traditional Indian medicine)
Traditional conceptRasa (Taste)Katu (Pungent)
Virya (Potency)Usna (Hot)
Guna (Quality)Guru (Heavy), Tiksna (Sharp)
Vipaka
(Post digestive taste)		Katu (Pungent)
Karma
(General action)		Dipana (increasing digestive fire), Rocana (appetising), Trsnakara (producing thirst), Dahakara (producing burning)
Dosakarma
(Action on dosa)		Decreases Kapha, increases Pitta
Dhatukarma(Action
on body tissues)		Raktakara (increases blood disorders), Medahara (decreasing adipose tissue)
FormulationVisamajvaraghnivati, Lankasura
CommentsIt produces dysuria.
ReferencesReference book　

Tips！

[2] Indian Medicinal Plants - A Compendium of 500 species, Varier, P.S., Orient Longman Ltd. Chennai (Madras)
Vol. 1 (Repr.1996), pp 375-376.

Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, 1956. Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L. and Chopra, I.C., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi. - New Edition (1996) National Institute Science Communication; Supplement
p 50.

Indian Medicinal Plants (Second Edition), Vols. 1-5, 1993. Kirtikar, K.R. and Basu. B.D., Periodical Experts Book Agency, Delhi
Vol. 3, pp 1770-1771.

Plants in Ayurveda (A Compendium of Botanical and Sanskrit Names), 1997. Abdul Kareem, M., Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore
325.

Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi
Vol. 2, pp 315-316.

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