Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market nameJamalgota
Formal nameJayapala
Other names　　　

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Jamalgota (T), Jepal (B), Jamalgota (H), Jayapala (K), Nirvalam (M), Nepalavittulu (Te), Neravalam (Ta), Japala (Sin)
English nameCroton Seed
Original plant nameCroton tiglium Linn., Croton Seed
Family nameEuphorbiaceae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification seed
Collection informationIndia, New Delhi, Hans Raj & Sons
Collection date1991/05/07
CollectorTsuneo Namba, et al.
TMPW No.12269

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
Production area information
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28.6139391
77.20902120000005
Collection information
India,New Delhi
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Scientific information data base

Crude drug nameAyurvedic name or
Sanskrit name, English name		Jayapala, Croton Seed
SynonymsDantibija, Tintidi phalam, Recaka, Saraka, Tittiriphalam, Maladravi, Bijarecani, Kumbhibijam, Kumbhinibija, Ghontabijam, Dandini bijam, Sodhani bijam, Cakradantibijam, Jaipala
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Original plant nameCroton tiglium Linn.
Family nameEuphorbiaceae
Used partSeeds, oil
Distribution areaThroughout India, especially in Bengal, Assam and South India.
RemarksCommon.
Common usesMitigated seeds are used in ascites, anasarca, calculus, dropsy, enlargement of abdominal viscera and tympanitis. Seeds are used in snakebite. Seeds are purgative. Even application of the seed oil on the skin has purgative effect.
Therapeutic usesKrmi (worms), Jatharamaya (abdominal diosrders)
Chemical constituentDiterpenoids
13-O-Tigloylphorbol-20(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoate) (*C3, *C4), 13-O-Acetylphorbol-20(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoate) (*C3, *C4),
12-O-Dodecanoylphorbol-13-(2-methylbutyrate) (*C3, *C4),
12-O-(2-methylbutyroyl)Phorbol-13-dodecanoate (*C3, *C4), 12-O-Acetylphorbol-13-tiglate (*C3, *C4), 12-O-Acetylphorbol-13-decanoate (*C3, *C4), 12-O-Tigloylphorbol-13-(2-methylbutyrate) (*C3, *C4), 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (*C3, *C4)

Alkaloids
Isoguanosine (*C1, *C2), 5,6-Dihydro dibenzo[a,g]quinolizinium (*C2), 5,6-Dihydro-9,10-dimethoxy benzo[g]-1,3-benzodioxolo[5,6-a]quinolizinium (*C2)

Chemical structure


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Pharmacological effectPhorbol esters isolated from seeds have been characterised as the bioactive principles. The acute LD50 at 72 hrs. is 0.45 mg/mouse for crotin I and 2.23 mg/mouse for crotin II. Crotin II strongly inhibited protein synthesis in eukaryotic ribosomes. Zheng Gu Shui, a Chinese herbal orthopaedic tincture comprising extract of the plant, used for fractures, dislocation, sprains and strains, is reported to have caused contact dermatitis.
Medical systemAyurveda (Traditional Indian medicine)
Traditional conceptRasa (Taste)Katu (Pungent)
Virya (Potency)Usna (Hot)
Guna (Quality)Guru (Heavy), Snigdha (Unctuous), Tiksna (Sharp)
Vipaka
(Post digestive taste)		Katu (Pungent)
Karma
(General action)		Dipana (increasing digestive fire)
Dosakarma
(Action on dosa)		Decreases Pitta Kapha
Mala
(Action on excretory mechanism)		Reci (laxative)
Traditional usage1. In severe condition, oil of Danti (Baliospermum montanum) and Dravanti (Croton tiglium) seeds should be given immediately.

2. Paste of Dravanti, Cirabilva (Holoptelia integrifolia) etc, cleans wound.

3. "Jayapala anjana" (a formulation) is used as a collyirum in eyes.
FormulationIcchabhedi, Jalodarari, Jvaramurari, Jayapalanjana
CommentsOil is drastic purgative. It is good for distension, ascites, consciousness, headache, rheumatic fever, oedema, cough.

Seeds should be boiled either in cow's urine or in milk.
ReferencesReference book　

Tips！

[2] Indian Medicinal Plants - A Compendium of 500 species, Varier, P.S., Orient Longman Ltd. Chennai (Madras)
Vol. 2 (Repr.1997), pp 223-225.

Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, 1956. Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L. and Chopra, I.C., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi. - New Edition (1996) National Institute Science Communication; Supplement
p 82.

Illustrated Manual of Herbal Drugs Used in Ayurveda, 1996. Sarin, Y.K., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research and Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi
p 250.

Ayurvedic Drugs and Their Plant Sources, 1994. Sivarajan, V.V. and Balachandran, I., Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
p 193.

Plants in Ayurveda (A Compendium of Botanical and Sanskrit Names), 1997. Abdul Kareem, M., Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore
516.

Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi
Vol. 2, pp 428-430.

Classical uses of Medicinal Plants, 1996. Sharma, P.V., Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi
p 197.

Research paper*C1 Kim, J. H., Lee, S. J., Han, Y. B., Moon, J. J. and Kim, J. B.; Arch. Pharmacal. Res., 17, 115-18 (1994).
*C2 Kim, J. H., Lee, S. J., Han, Y. B. and Kim, J. B.; Yakhak Hoechi, 38, 31-37 (1994).
*C3 Hattori, M., Yamamoto, N. and Mori, M.; PCT Int. Appl. WO 2001082927 A1, 51pp, (2001).
*C4 El-Mekkawy, S., Meselhy, M. R., Nakamura, N., Hattori, M., Kawahata, T. and Otake, T.; Chem. Pharm. Bull., 47, 1346-47 (1999).
RemarksCroton oil has drastic purgative effect. Even in minute doses it causes violent purging and vomiting. It is used to a limited extent as a drastic cathartic, usually in admixture with diluents; more frequently it is used as a constituent of rubificiant liniments in cases of pneumonia, sciatica etc. It is considered unsafe even for these purposes as it may cause sloughing. Oleum crotonics and oleum tiglii have been omitted from the British, United States and the Dutch pharmacopoeias. Croton oil appears to have no longer any place in the medical practice. Liniments containing it are still included in the British Pharmacopoeia.
Last renewal date2023/12/20
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