Crude drug sample data base
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Crude drug name | Market name | Supari pooja |
|---|---|---|
| Formal name | Puga | |
Other names Tips！ | Supari (T), Gua, Supari (B), Supari (H), Adike, Betta (K), Adakka (M), Gautupuka, Kolapoka (Te), Kamugu, Pakku (Ta), Puwak (Sin) | |
| English name | Arecanut, Betelnut | |
| Original plant name | Areca catechu Linn., Arecanut, Betelnut | |
| Family name | Arecaceae | |
| Used part | Classification | Plant origin | Sub classification | fruit |
| Collection information | India, New Delhi , Hans Raj & Sons | |
| Collection date | 1991/05/07 | |
| Collector | Tsuneo Namba, et al. | |
| TMPW No. | 12557 | |
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Production area information
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Collection information
India,New Delhi
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Scientific information data base
| Crude drug name | Ayurvedic name or Sanskrit name, English name | Puga, Arecanut, Betelnut | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Synonyms | Sramsi, Cikka, Ghontaphala, Gopaphala, Gopa, Kaidaryaphala, Kalatvak, Guvakaphala, Udvegi, Pugaphalahva, Tambulaphala, Pattika, Ghonta, Guvaka, Kramuka, Pugavrksa, Dirghapadapa, Valkataru, Drdhavalka, Cikkanam, Slaksnakam | |||||
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| Original plant name | Areca catechu Linn. | |||||
| Family name | Arecaceae | |||||
| Used part | Fruits, Roots, Leaves | |||||
| Distribution area | Widely distributed in the coastal regions from Maharashtra to Kerala and Tamilnadu, Assam, Meghalaya, West Bengal, Andaman and Nicobar islands. | |||||
| Remarks | Common. | |||||
| Common uses | Areca nut is an anthelmintic and is prescribed in diarrhoea/diarrhea, urinary disorders, ulcers and skin disorders. A paste of the dried areca nut powder is used as a dentrifice. Dried nuts sweeten the breath, strengthen the gum and produce a stimulant and exhilarating effect on the system. Areca nut chewing is a good source of flouride. | |||||
| Therapeutic uses | Mukhavairasya (distaste in mouth), Vaktrakledahara (removes sliminess in mouth), Adhmana (abdominal distension), Udara (ascites), Prameha (diabetic types) | |||||
| Chemical constituent | Phenol derivatives Catechin (*C1) Alkaloids Arecoline (*C1, *C2, *C3), Arecaidiene (*C3), Nicotinate (*C4), Guvacoline (*C4), Nicotine (*C4), Arecoline ethyl ester (*C4), Piperidine-3-carboxylate (*C4) | |||||
| Pharmacological effect | Aqueous extract of the arecanut potentiates the adrenaline action on the rat hind limb preparation. The petroleum ether, alcoholic and aqueous extracts of the nut showed antiimplantation activity in 60% cases of animal models. Arecoline has an effect similar to pilocarpine. It is reported to be cholinergic, exerting a sialagogue and diaphoretic action in normal dosage. But in very large doses it depresses the CNS and paralyses the muscles. It also has stimulant effect on the oculomotor nerve causing mydriasis, followed by slight paralysis and dilation of pupil. The chewing of arecanut may be an inducing factor for mouth cancer, probably due to the presence of tannins in the nuts. It is reported that in China, incidence of attrition of teeth, gingivitis, and dento-alveolar abscesses is more among the betel chewers. The bioactive polyphenolic substances like NPF-86 I, NPF-86 II etc,. isolated from the seeds of areca nut showed inhibitory effect on 5’-nucleotidase from snake venom and liver membrane of rat and also showed antitumour activity. The sulphate esters of these compounds, the virucides exhibited anti-AIDS activity. The aqueous alcoholic extract of betel nut seeds containing phenolic compounds prevents dental caries and gingivitis. The hot water extract of the pericarp of arecanut fruit having polysaccharides showed anti-complimentary activity and the aqueous extract showed significant lipase inhibiting activity. The arecoline alkaloid of the nuts showed hypoglycaemic activity. Though various extracts of betel nuts have shown a number of beneficial activity, reports are also available of its harmful effects on laboratory animals as well as on humans. | |||||
| Medical system | Ayurveda (Traditional Indian medicine) | |||||
| Traditional concept | Rasa (Taste) | Kasaya (Astringent), Madhura (Sweet), Katu (Pungent) | ||||
| Virya (Potency) | Sita (Cold) | |||||
| Guna (Quality) | Ruksa (Dry), Guru (Heavy) | |||||
| Vipaka (Post digestive taste) | Katu (Pungent) | |||||
| Karma (General action) | Rocana (appetising), Mohakrt (intoxicating), Dipana (increasing digestive fire) | |||||
| Dosakarma (Action on dosa) | Decreases Kapha, Pitta | |||||
| Mala (Action on excretory mechanism) | Bhedi (purgative) | |||||
| Avayava (Action on organ) | Hrdya (good for heart) | |||||
| Traditional usage | 1. Paste of Kramuka (areca nut) should be given with sour juice or gruel, because of hotness and laxative property it leads the enema downwards. 2. Mixed with Candana (sandal), Kramuka is useful in intrinsic haemorrhage/hemorrhage. 3. Paste of Puga (areca nut) or Karavira (Nerium indicum) root should be applied. 4. Decoction of Sallaki (Boswellia serrata) and Cikkani (Centipeda minima) bark added with oil alleviates rheumatism in three weeks. | |||||
| Formulation | Puga khanda | |||||
| Comments | Exudate is cold, intoxicating, heavy, sour in post digestive effect, pacifies Vata, creates Pitta. Fresh green fruit is heavy, creates sliminess, indigestion. Dry one increases Vata, unctuous, pacifying all the three dosas. Boiled one pacifies all three dosas. Ripe, dry one creates Vata. Ripe fresh one is heavy. Unripe, fresh is Kapha Pitta pacifying. If the inner part is strong it is considered the best. | |||||
| References | Reference book Tips！ | [2] Indian Medicinal Plants - A Compendium of 500 species, Varier, P.S., Orient Longman Ltd. Chennai (Madras) Vol. 1 (Repr.1996), pp 180-184. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, 1956. Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L. and Chopra, I.C., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi. - New Edition (1996) National Institute Science Communication; Supplement p 23. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part I, Vol I, Ed. I, 1989. Govt. of India, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Dept. of Health, New Delhi p 94. Plants in Ayurveda (A Compendium of Botanical and Sanskrit Names), 1997. Abdul Kareem, M., Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore 152. Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi Vol. 2, pp 750-753. Classical uses of Medicinal Plants, 1996. Sharma, P.V., Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi p 252. | ||||
| Research paper | *C1 Lamb, J. and Wheatley, D. N.; In Vitro toxicol.; 9, 109-17 (1996). *C2 Xiao, X.; Lihua Jianyan, Huaxue Fence, 24, 371 (1988). *C3 Yuan, W, Lu, J. and Fu, X.; Fenxi Huaxue, 28, 749-52 (2000). *C4 Holdsworth, D. K., Jones, R. A. and Self, R.; Phytochemistry, 48, 581-82 (1998). | |||||
| Last renewal date | 2023/12/26 | |||||
