Crude drug sample data base
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Crude drug name | Market name | Sano chana |
|---|---|---|
| Formal name | Canaka | |
Other names Tips！ | But, Chola (B), But, Chana, Chole, Kadale (H), Kadala, Kadalakka (M), Sanagalu (Te), Kadalai (Ta), Chana (N) | |
| English name | Bengal Gram, Caravance, Chickpea, Garbanzo, Gram | |
| Original plant name | Cicer arietinum Linn., Bengal Gram, Caravance, Chickpea, Garbanzo, Gram | |
| Family name | Leguminosae | |
| Used part | Classification | Plant origin | Sub classification | seed |
| Collection information | Kingdom of Nepal, Kathmandu , Asan Bazar | |
| Collection date | 1990/08/ | |
| Collector | Akihito Takano | |
| TMPW No. | 11041 | |
The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative
location of its administrative area is indicated.
location of its administrative area is indicated.
Production area information
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27.7172453
85.3239605
Collection information
Kingdom of Nepal,Kathmandu
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Scientific information data base
| Crude drug name | Ayurvedic name or Sanskrit name, English name | Canaka, Bengal Gram, Caravance, Chickpea, Garbanzo, Gram | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Synonyms | Harimantha, Sakalapriya, Sugandha, Krsnakancuka, Balabhojya, Vajibhaksya, Kancuki, Vajimantha, Jivana, Balabhaisajya, Cennuka. | |||
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| Original plant name | Cicer arietinum Linn. | |||
| Family name | Leguminosae | |||
| Used part | Seeds (Leaves) | |||
| Distribution area | Largely cultivated in most parts of India. | |||
| Remarks | Common. | |||
| Common uses | Seed is sweet, refrigerant, dry, appetizer, tonic and anthemintic. They are useful in the treatment of leprosy, bronchitis, skin diseases, blood troubles, ozoena, throat complaints and biliousness. The acid exudation is astringent and useful in dyspepsia and constipation. Seeds are sweet when raw, indigestible, tonic, expectorant and cooling and are useful in hyperdipsia, burning sensation, splenohepatomegaly, leprosy, pharyngopathy, bronchitis, inflammations and skin diseases. The unripe seed is stimulant, tonic, aphrodisiac, cures thirst and burning. In Egypt, gram is used to gain weight. It is also used for headache, sore throat and cough. Boiled gram is used in pulmonary, uterine and anal diseases. Gram mixed with datura is used as poultice for oedema and for toothache. Powdered seed is used as face pack, and also for dandruff. Leaves are sour, astringent to the bowels, purgative and are useful in anorexia, dyspepsia and bronchitis. It improves taste and appetite, cure bronchitis and causes flatulence. Boiled leaves are applied to sprains and dislocated bones. The acid exudate from the plant is astringent and used in indigestion, diarrhea and dysentery. | |||
| Therapeutic uses | Kasa (cough), Svasa (asthmatic conditions), Pinasa (rhinitis), Chardi (vomiting). | |||
| Chemical constituent | Others Gram has relatively high protein (23-27%) and lipid (5.8-6.2%) content. Gram seeds yield fatty oil (4-5%); the physico-chemical constants of the oil from desi and kabuli varieties of gram, respectively, are: sp gr 40-degree, 0.9356, 0.9301, n D 30-degree, 1.4845, 1.4825; iod val (Wij's), 111.7, 113.2; acid val, 2.4, 2.6; sap val, 184.6, 185.4; R-M val, 0.61, 0.60; and unsapon matter, 3.4, 4.0%. The component fatty acids of the oil from the two varieties, respectively, are: oleic, 52.10, 50.30; linoleic, 38.0, 40.0; myristic, 2.74, 2.28; palmitic, 5.11, 5.74; and stearic, 2.05, 1.61%. The oil from the kabuli varieties also contains 0.07% arachidic acid. Both the oils were found to contain sitosterol. Kabuli gram also contains carotenoids and the oil-soluble vitamins A, D and E. | |||
| Pharmacological effect | Seed coat extract also has anti-fungal properties and suppresses the germination and growth of Helminthosporium sativum Pammel et al, Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum falcatum Went, etc. Seed oil exhibits estrogenic activity because of the presence of beta-sitosterol. The aqueous extract of the seed coat has diuretic activity. | |||
| Medical system | Ayurveda (Traditional Indian medicine) | |||
| Traditional concept | Rasa (Taste) | Kasaya (Astringent), Madhura (Sweet) | ||
| Virya (Potency) | Sita (Cold) | |||
| Guna (Quality) | Laghu (Light), Ruksa (Dry) | |||
| Karma (General action) | Viruksana (dries up), Pumstvanasaka (destroys libido), Vistambhi (constipative), Durjara (difficult to digest), Diptikara (improves appetite), Varnakara (improves complexion), Balya (promotes strength), Rucya ( improves taste), Dahapaha (reduces burning sensation), Trsnapaha (quenches thirst). | |||
| Dosakarma (Action on dosa) | Decreases Kapha Pitta, increases Vata | |||
| Mala (Action on excretory mechanism) | Vistambhi (constipative) | |||
| Traditional usage | 1. In excessive burning in fever soup of Canaka (Cicer arietinum) should be given. 2. Canaka soaked in Snuhi (Euphorbia spp.) latex and slightly heated on fire acts as drastic purgative. 3. The parched grain flour of Canaka should be consumed with soup of Patola (Trichosanthes cucumerina) leaves for annadrava sula (a form of colic). 4. In vomiting caused by Pitta soup of Canaka mixed with Usira (Vetiveria zizanioides) and Dhanyaka (coriander) should be given. | |||
| Comments | This is included in Simbidhanya varga in the classical texts. Ayurvedic treatises particularly stress that all of them should be used as food only after six months of storage, otherwise they are hardly digestible. It is consumed raw, roasted or fried. Flour of the grain is used to make many dishes including sweets. Leaves of Canaka are used as vegetable. Its synonym vajimantha indicates that it is loved by horses. Sakalapriya means it is liked by all. Sugandha indicates that it has good smell. Roasted dry seeds pacify of Vata and aggravate rakta (blood). It is said to be atiruksa (very rough) in quality. Rroasted and moist seeds improve strength and taste. Leaves are said to improve taste but is difficult to digest and aggravates Kapha and Vata. The sour variety causes constipation and reduces Pitta. | |||
| References | Reference book Tips！ | [2] Indian Medicinal Plants - A Compendium of 500 species, Varier, P.S., Orient Longman Ltd. Chennai (Madras) Vol. 2 (Repr.1997), pp 70-73. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, 1956. Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L. and Chopra, I.C., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi. - New Edition (1996) National Institute Science Communication; Supplement p 63. Indian Medicinal Plants (Second Edition), Vols. 1-5, 1993. Kirtikar, K.R. and Basu. B.D., Periodical Experts Book Agency, Delhi Vol. 1, pp 768-769. Plants in Ayurveda (A Compendium of Botanical and Sanskrit Names), 1997. Abdul Kareem, M., Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore 36. Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi Vol. 3, pp 175, 201. Classical uses of Medicinal Plants, 1996. Sharma, P.V., Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi p 137. | ||
| Last renewal date | 2023/11/16 | |||
