Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market nameRahari
Formal nameAdhaki
Other names　　　

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Arhar, Tur (T), Arhar, Tur, Tuver (B), Arhar, Tur, Tuver (H), Togari (K), Thuvara (M), Kandulu (Te), Thovaray (Ta), Rata thora (Sin)
English nameCongo Pea, Pigeonpea, Red Gram
Original plant nameCajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (= Cajanus indicus Spreng.), Congo Pea, Pigeonpea, Red Gram
Family nameLeguminosae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification seed
Collection informationKingdom of Nepal, Kathmandu, Asan Bazar
Collection date1990/08/
CollectorAkihito Takano
TMPW No.11021

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
Production area information
https://ethmed.toyama-wakan.net/img/pin_san.png
27.7172453
85.3239605
Collection information
Kingdom of Nepal,Kathmandu
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Scientific information data base

Crude drug nameAyurvedic name or
Sanskrit name, English name		Adhaki, Congo Pea, Pigeon Pea, Red Gram
SynonymsTuvari, Nrtyakondaka, Ucchita, Rebhuja, Karabhi, Dardu, Kalavrnta, Kulatthaka, Kulatthascakraka, Tamravarna, Calapaha, Sanapuspi, Varya, Karavirabhuja, Vrttabija.
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Original plant nameCajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (= Cajanus indicus Spreng.)
Family nameLeguminosae
Used partLeaves and seeds
Distribution areaCultivated nearly throughout India upto an altitude of 1800m in the Himalayas.
Common usesSeed is acrid, astringent to the bowels, anthelmintic, alexiteric, restores lost taste, improves complexion and is good for the liver. It is used in the treatment of leprosy, ulcers of the mouth, tumors, bronchitis, vomiting, heart diseases, piles, cough and biliousness. They are indigestible, cause constipation, griping, biliousness, diarrhoea/diarrhea and weakness. Leaves are astringent, sweet, diuretic, laxative, cooling, antiinflammatory, anodyne and are useful in oral ulcers, odontalgia, gingivitis, strangury and inflammations. Pulse and leaves are mixed and made into a paste which is warmed and then applied over the mammae to check the secretion of milk. A poultice made of the seeds checks swellings.
Therapeutic usesKrmi (worm infestation), Arsas (piles), Daha (burning sensation).
Chemical constituentTriterpenoids
Betulinic acid (*C1), Euphol (*C3), Tirucallol (*C2), Taraxerol (*C3), Butyrospermol (*C3), 24-Methylene-24-dihydrolanosterol (*C3), Cycloartenol (*C3), alpha-Amyrin (*C3), 24-Methylene-24-dihydroparkeol (*C3), Lupeol (*C3), Cyclobranol (*C3), Simiarenol (*C3)

Flavonoids
Quercetin (*C2), Quercetin-3-methyl ether (*C2), Isoquercitrin (*C2)

Flavones & Flavonols
Pinostrobin (*C1)

Isoflavones
Biochanin (*C1), Genistein (*C1), 2'-Hydroxygenistein (*C1), Cajanol (*C1)

Phenol derivatives
Longistylin A (*C1), Longistylin C (*C1), 3-Hydroxy-4-phenyl-5-methoxystibene-2-carboxylic acid (*C2)

Pharmacological effectSeeds also contain two alpha-galactosidase, three beta-galactosidase isoenzymes, beta-L-arabinosidase and nicotinamide deamidase (in germinating seeds). They exhibit anti-chymotryptic activity, anti-subtilisin activity, alpha-amylase inhibitory activity (against human salivary and pancreatic amylases), and enterokinase inhibitory activity.
Medical systemAyurveda (Traditional Indian medicine)
Traditional conceptRasa (Taste)Kasaya (Astringent), Madhura (Sweet), Tikta (Bitter)
Virya (Potency)Sita (Cold)
Guna (Quality)Laghu (Light), Ruksa (Dry)
Vipaka
(Post digestive taste)		Madhura (Sweet)
Karma
(General action)		Grahini (constipating), Varnya (promotes complexion), Baddha vinmutra (stops passage of stools and urine), Rucya (improves taste), Balya (promotes strength), Adhmanakrt (causes abdominal distension)
Dosakarma
(Action on dosa)		Decreases Pitta Kapha, increases Vata
Mala
(Action on excretory mechanism)		Baddha vinmutra (Constipating and blocking urination)
Traditional usage1. When taken with ghee, Adhaki (Cajanus cajan) is useful in haemorrhoids/hemorrhoids.

2. Tender leaf of Adhaki is useful in worm infestation when taken with ghee.

3. Gruel prepared with Adhaki is useful in diarrhoea/diarrhea caused due to vitiation of Pitta. The same should be consumed with ample amount of ghee in Vatarakta (vata vitiating blood).

4. Inhalation of fumes of the wick prepared out of Adhaki leaves relieve hiccough.
CommentsDhanvantari nighantu, Raja nighantu and regional texts of Kerala like 'Osadhi nighantu' and 'Ayurveda visvakosam' have described three different varieties of this plant according to the colour of the seeds, namely white, red or black. The author of Saligramanighantubhusanam however, has differentiated four varieties of this plant viz. yellow, white, red and black according to the colour of the seeds. Commonly used variety is one with yellow seeds.

Its synonym kalavrnta indicates it has got black petiole. Kulatthaka indicates that it bears resemblance with kulattha. Vrttabija indicates that its seeds are round in shape.
ReferencesReference book　

Tips！

[2] Indian Medicinal Plants - A Compendium of 500 species, Varier, P.S., Orient Longman Ltd. Chennai (Madras)
Vol. 1 (Repr.1996), pp 326-329.

Indian Medicinal Plants (Second Edition), Vols. 1-5, 1993. Kirtikar, K.R. and Basu. B.D., Periodical Experts Book Agency, Delhi
Vol. 1, pp 809-810.

Plants in Ayurveda (A Compendium of Botanical and Sanskrit Names), 1997. Abdul Kareem, M., Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore
286.

Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi
Vol. 3, p 172.

Research paper*C1 Duker-Eshun. G., Jaroezewski, J. W., Asomaning, W. A. Oppong-Boachie, F. and Brogger, C. S.; Phytother. Res., 18, 128-30 (2004).
*C2 Green, P. W., Stevenson, P. C., Simmonds, M. S. and Sharma, H. C.; J. Chem. Ecol., 29, 811-21 (2003),
*C3 Akihisa, T., Kimura, Y., Roy, K., Ghoshi, P., Thakur, S. and Tamura, T.; Phytochemistry, 35, 1309-13 (1994).
RemarksPods are used as vegetable.
Last renewal date2023/11/01
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