Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market nameSeto aguro
Formal nameAguru
Other names　　　

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Agar (T), Agaru (B), Agar (H), Akil (M), Agru (Te), Agar (Ta), Agaru, Agil (Sin)
English nameAloe Wood, Eagle Wood, Agar Wood
Original plant nameAquilaria agallocha Roxb. (= Aquilaria malaccensis Lam.), Aloe Wood, Eagle Wood, Agar Wood
Family nameThymelaeaceae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification heart wood
Collection informationKingdom of Nepal, Kathmandu, Kilagal tole M.G.M. Shakya
Collection date1991/04/28
CollectorTsuneo Namba, et al.
TMPW No.14676

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
Production area information
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27.7172453
85.3239605
Collection information
Kingdom of Nepal,Kathmandu
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Scientific information data base

Crude drug nameAyurvedic name or
Sanskrit name, English name		Aguru, Aloe Wood, Eagle Wood, Agar Wood
SynonymsJongakam, Agaru, Varangam, Anaryasitasivakam, Krsnaguru, Loham, Krmijagdham, Pravaram, Loham, Rajarham, Yogajam, Vamsikam, Krmijam, Srngaram, Visvarupakam, Srisam, Kalaguru, Kesyam, Vasukam, Krsnakastham, Dhuparham, Vallaram, Gandharajakam, Sresthavrksa, Sirsakam
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Original plant nameAquilaria agallocha Roxb. (= Aquilaria malaccensis Lam.)
Family nameThymelaeaceae
Used partHeartwood
Distribution areaIn Eastern Himalayas, Bhutan, parts of Bengal and particularly in Meghalaya on the hill forests of Khasia, Garo, Nagaland.
RemarksCommonly used
Common usesThe drug is stimulant, carminative, tonic, aphrodisiac, astringent and is used in diarrhoea/diarrhea, vomiting, asthma, gout, rheumatism, paralysis and in snake bite. It is used as liniment in various skin diseases, leucoderma, ear and eye troubles.
Therapeutic usesDustavrana (putrified wound), Krmi (worms), Kustha (skin diseases), Anilahara (rheumatic disorders)
Chemical constituentSesquiterpenoids
(-)-Guaia-1(10),11-dien-15-al (*C1), (-)-Selina-3,11-dien-9-one (*C1), (+)-Selina-3,11-dien-9-ol(*C1), Kusonol (*C1,*C12), Dihydrokaranone (*C1, *C12)Oxo-agarospirol (*C1, *C12), Karanone (*C1), beta-Agarofuran (*C1, *C12), alpha-Guaiene (*C1), alpha-Bulnesene (*C1), (-)-Selina-3,11-dien-14-al (*C5), (+)-Selina-4,11-dien-14-al (*C5), Selina-3,11-dien-14-oic acid (*C5), Selina-4,11-dien-14-oic acid (*C5), 9-Hydroxyselina-4,11-dien-14-oic acid (*C5), (+)-1,5-Epoxy-nor-ketoguaiene (*C5), Dehydrojinkoh-eremol (*C5), Neopetasane (*C5), Jinkon-eremol (*C1), (-)-Guaia-1(10),11-dien-15-ol (*C9), (-)-Guaia-1(10),11-dien-15-carboxylic acid(*C9), Methyl guaia-1(10),11-dien-15-carboxylate (*C9), (+)-Guaia-1(10),11-dien-9-one (*C9), (-)-1,10-Epoxyguai-11-ene (*C9), (-)-Guaia-1(10),11-dien-15,2-olide (*C9), (-)-Royundone (*C9), beta-Agarofuran (*C12), Nor-Ketoa garofuran (*C12), Agarospirol (*C12)

Chromones
2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone (*C1), AH7 (*C2), AH8 (*C2), AH9 (*C2), AH10 (*C10), AH11 (*C10), AH12 (*C10), AH13 (*C10), AH14 (*C10), AH15 (*C3, *C10), AH16 (*C4), AH 17 (*C8), AH18 (*C3), AH19a (*C6), AH19b (*C6), AH20 (*C8), AH21 (*C7), AH23 (*C8), (5S, 6R, 7S, 8R, 7'R)-7'-Hydroxy isoagaroterol (*C11), (5S, 6R, 7S, 8R, 7'S)-7'-Hydroxy isoagaroterol (*C11), 2-[2-(4’-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]Chromone (*C13), 6-Methoxy-2-[2-(4’-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]chromone (*C13)

Medical systemAyurveda (Traditional Indian medicine)
Traditional conceptRasa (Taste)Katu (Pungent), Tikta (Bitter)
Virya (Potency)Usna (Hot)
Guna (Quality)Tiksna (Sharp), Laghu (Light), Snigdha (Unctuous)
Vipaka
(Post digestive taste)		Katu (Pungent)
Dosakarma
(Action on dosa)		Decreases Vata Kapha, increases Pitta
Avayava
(Action on organ)		Tvacya (good for skin), Karna (ear), Aksi (eye)
Traditional usage1. Powder of Aguru (Agar wood) mixed with honey is taken to check hiccough.

2. Incense of Aguru is prescribed in hiccough and bronchial asthma.

3. Aguru powder mixed with honey relieves cough.

4. In lavana meha (salty urination) decoction of Patha (Cissampelos pareira) and Aguru is recommended.

5. The paste of Canda (Costus speciosus) and Aguru is useful in oedema.

6. Aguru oil is efficacious in skin diseases such as ring worm etc. oil is also useful in chronic ulcers, worms, skin diseases and disorders of Kapha and Vata.

7. Aguru is recommended as a rejuvenative.
FormulationAgurvadi taila, Satyadi curna
CommentsThere are two varieties of Aguru - Black and white. White one is correlated to another species Dysoxylum malabaricum. According to Bhavaprakasa nighantu, black variety with smell, looks like iron and dips in water is the best.

This is included in Sitaprasamana, Svasahara, Sirovirecana and Tiktaskandha gana of Caraka and Eladi, Salasaradi, Slesmasamsamana groups of Susruta.
ReferencesReference book　

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[2] Indian Medicinal Plants - A Compendium of 500 species, Varier, P.S., Orient Longman Ltd. Chennai (Madras)
Vol. 1 (Repr.1996), pp 171-175.

Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, 1956. Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L. and Chopra, I.C., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi. - New Edition (1996) National Institute Science Communication; Supplement
p 22.

Indian Medicinal Plants (Second Edition), Vols. 1-5, 1993. Kirtikar, K.R. and Basu. B.D., Periodical Experts Book Agency, Delhi
Vol. 3, p 2171.

Plants in Ayurveda (A Compendium of Botanical and Sanskrit Names), 1997. Abdul Kareem, M., Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore
147.

Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi
Vol. 2, pp 726-728.

Classical uses of Medicinal Plants, 1996. Sharma, P.V., Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi
p 147.

Research paper*C1 Ishihara, M., Tsuneya, T., Shiga, M. and Uneyama, K.; Phytochemistry, 30, 563-66 (1991).
*C2 Iwagoe, K., Konishi, T., Kiyosawa, S., Shimada, Y., Miyahara, K. and Kawasaki, T.; Chem. Pharm. Bull., 36, 2417-22 (1988).
*C3 Iwagoe, Kodama, S., Konishi, T, Kiyosawa, S., Fugiwara, Y. and Shimada. Y.; Chem. Pharm. Bull., 35, 4680-82 (1987).
*C4 Konishi, T., Kiyosawa, S., Shimada, Y., Miyahara, K. and Kawasaki, T.; Chem. Pharm. Bull., 37, 1428-30 (1989).
*C5 Ishihara, M., Tsuneya, T. and Uneyama, K.; Phytochemistry, 33, 1147-55 (1993).
*C6 Konishi, T., Iwagoe, K., Kiyosawa, S. and Fujiwara, Y.; Phytochemistry, 28, 3548-3550 (1989).
*C7 Konishi, T., Iwagoe, K., Kiyosawa, S. and Fujiwara, Y.; Chem. Pharm. Bull., 39, 1869-70 (1991).
*C8 Konishi, T., Iwagoe, K., Sugimoto, A., Kiyosawa, S. and Fujiwara, Y. and Shimada, Y.; Chem. Pharm. Bull., 39, 207-9 (1991).
*C9 Ishihara, M., Tsuneya, T.,　and Uneyama, K.; Phytochemistry, 30, 3343-47 (1991).
*C10 Iwagoe, K., Kakae, T., Konishi, T., Kiyosawa, S., Fugiwara, Y., Shimada, Y.; Miyahara, K. and Kawasaki, T.; Chem. Pharm. Bull., 37, 124-8 (1989).
*C11 Konishi, T., Sugimoto, A., Kiyosawa, S. and Fugiwara, Y.; Chem. Pharm. Bull., 40, 778-79 (1992).
*C12 Yoneda, K., Yamagata, E., Nakanishi, T., Nagashima, T., Kawasaki, I.,Yoshida, T., Mori, H. and Miura, I.; Phytochemistry, 23, 2068-69 (1984).
*C13 Nakanishi, T., Inada, A., Nishi, M., Yamagata, E. and Yoneda, K.; J. Nat. Prod., 49, 1106-08 (1986).
RemarksThe wood is an ingredient of Unani preparation "Manjoon-e-Fanjosh" and "Manjoon-e-Azargi". Fanjosh is recommended for indigestion, liver ailments, anaemia, ascites, piles, spermatorrhoea and dropsy. Azargi is reported to show cardio tonic activity and anticholinergic activity.

The wood infected by certain fungi develops large and irregular patches of dark streaks charged with an oleoresin and becomes odoriferous. Intensity of the dark patch or agar is a measure of the quantity of oleoresin present. Agar is frequently found in trees that are around 20 years old. Trees around 80 years old are known to be the richest in their content of agarwood. Agar is the pathological product of a fungal disease contracted by the tree chiefly through wounds on the trunk. Species of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium and also some fungi imperfecti are reported to be associated with the development of Agar.
Last renewal date2023/11/16
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