Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market nameマクリ
Formal name海人草
Japanese nameかいにんそう, Kaininsō
Vernacular nameMakuri
Latin nameDigenea (JP)
English nameDigenea (JP)
Original plant nameDigenea simplex C. Agardh, (Makuri)
Family nameRhodomelaceae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification algae
Collection informationJapan, Toyama Pref., Toyama University
TMPW No.3195

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
Production area information
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36.6952907
137.2113382
Collection information
Japan,Toyama Pref.
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Scientific information data base

Common name海人草, Kaininsō, Digenea (JP18), Digenea (JP18)
Synonymsマクリ
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Original plant nameDigenea simplex C. Agardh, (Makuri)
Family nameRhodomelaceae
Used partwhole algae
Quality for selectionGood Digenea is blue-green and has long branchs. The contamination of other algae, shells and sand should be as little as possible. (TN)
Official compendiumJP XVIII
Clinical applicationAs a lumbricide, usually, Digenea is used as decoction (10 : 100) with a catharsis such as dahuang. It is a raw material for kainic acid.
Medical systemTraditional Chinese medicine
Drug effect in
traditional medicine		Traditional
classification		Anthelmintics
Chemical constituentOther aliphatic and related compounds
(*C1):
butyric acid, formic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid

Sugar
(*C1):
D-Glyceric acid, alpha-Mannoside

Amino acids
(*C1):
alpha-Kainic acid, alpha-Allokainic acid, Arginine, Aspartic acid, Glycine, Glutamic acid, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Phenylalanine, Valine

Peptide
(*C1):
Proline-glutamic acid, Proline-hydroxyproline-lysine

Chemical structure


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Pharmacological effectDigenea causes tonic convulsion and loss of motor coordination. Locomotor activity, respiratory depression, brief fall in blood pressure (extract). Central nervous system excitation (high dose of kainic acid).
DNA sequenceAJ001831, AJ001832, AJ001833
DiseaseRoundworm
FormulationKainic Acid and Santonin Powder
ReferencesJP18: The 18th edition of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia.
C1)The Encyclopedia of Wakan-Yaku with Color Pictures Vol. II, pp 236-238.
Remarks- In Japan, Shakosai was called Makuri in Edo period. However, Shakosai as we know it today is not Makuri. Shakosai is the whole body of Caloglossa leprieurii (Mont.) J. Agardh of family Delesseriaceae. It has the same vermicidal effect as Makuri.
- Makuri is blended into the vermicidal Kampo formulations such as Shakoyasai-to and Seikiankai-to.
- The kainic acid content in 10g of the crude drug is from 16mg (produced in Taiwan) to 18mg (produced in Okinawa). The alpha-all-okainic acid content is 1/100～1/500 of alpha-kainic acid, so it is not a very strong prasiticide.
- Recently, an algae which was called Domoi in Tokunoshima district, Kagoshima Prefecture has gained attention, because it has been said to have a stronger vermicidal effect than Makuri since ancient times. Thus, a vermicidal component, domoic acid was discovered from it. Domoi is Chondria armata (Kutzing) Okamura of family Rhodomelaceae (Jap. name: Hanayanagi), which is found in a wide range of habitat such as along the Sea of Japan, Polynesia, East Indies and Indian Ocean.
- Some part of Kainic acid and domoic acid have the same structure as glutamic acid and so they have been noticed by neulopharmacology.
Last renewal date2021/09/27
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