Crude drug sample data base
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Crude drug name | Market name | Khurfa (Tukhm) |
|---|---|---|
| Urudu name | Tukhm e-khurfa | |
| Arabic name / Persian name | Bazr baqlat-al-hamqa, Rijalah / Tukhme-khurfa, Bustan afroz | |
| English name | Common Purslane | |
| Original plant name | Portulaca oleracea Linn, Common Purslane | |
| Family name | Portulacaceae | |
| Used part | Classification | Plant origin | Sub classification | seed |
| Collection information | Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Karachi [Karachi], Sind , Amjad Unani Medicine (Pvt.) Ltd. | |
| Collection date | 1994/1/22 | |
| Collector | Tsuneo Namba | |
| Identifier | Javed Ahmad | |
| Description | Features: An annual, succulent, prostrate herb with numerous, glabrous branches, reddish and swollen at the nodes. Leaves alternate. Flower yellow capsule ovoid, circumcissile. Seeds many, dark brown, concentrically striate and granulate. | |
| TMPW No. | 14527 | |
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Production area information
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25.0700428
67.2847875
Collection information
Islamic Republic of Pakistan,Karachi [Karachi], Sind
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Scientific information data base
| Crude drug name | Urudu name, English name | Tukhm e-khurfa, Common Purslane | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arabic name / Persian name | Bazr baqlat-al-hamqa, Rijalah / Tukhme-khurfa, Bustan afroz | ||||
| crude drug image |
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| Original plant name | Portulaca oleracea Linn | ||||
| Family name | Portulacaceae | ||||
| Used part | Seeds | ||||
| Distribution area | A prostrate or erect annual, distributed throughout India in all warm climates, upto 5,000ft. in the Himalayas. It is an abundant weed in cultivated grounds. throughout Ceylon. Native to Europe and Asia, growing from Australia and China to the Americas. | ||||
| Description | The seeds are blackish in colour, minute and similar to poppy seeds. The leaves and seeds are used as drug. It is a well-known vegetable. The extract is stronger than its other forms of use (Ibn Sina). | ||||
| Function and properties | Cosmetics, Swellings, Head, Eye, Chest, Stomach, Excretion. Seeds are demulcent, refrigerant, slightly astringent, diuretic, sedative, emollient and alterative. Seeds are used in diseases of kidney and spleen. | ||||
| Specific actions | Demulcent (for liver), alterative (for reducing heat), sedative (for biliousness) and has little nutritive value. | ||||
| Frequency in use | Abundant. | ||||
| Common uses | Cosmetics: Warts may be removed when rubbed with baqla hamqa due to its inherent properties. Swellings: It may be used as a plaster on hot swellings and erysipelas. Head: It gives relief in hot and throbbing headache. Eye: It is useful in ophthalmia and it is included in collyrium. Chest: The juice of baqla hamqa is useful in haemoptysis/hemoptysis because of its astringent action. The herb is useful in liver obstructions and debility, reducing small tumours/tumors and inflammations, good for asthma, diarrhoea/diarrhea, dysentery and piles. Stomach: Its syrup or paste is beneficial in cases of stomatitis, the irritation of epigastrium and liver, stops biliary vomiting and reduces appetite. Excretion: Its enema is useful in intestinal abrasions, bilious diarrhoea/diarrhea, nephralgia, cystalgia and renal and cystic ulcers. The general belief is that it reduces sexual urge but Masarjawaih thinks otherwise and holds it to be an aphrodisiac. It may act thus in persons of hot or dry temperament. It stops bleeding and is useful in irritation of the uterus. Its juice is useful in bleeding piles and its extract expels tapeworms. Oral use of roasted baqla hamqa (seeds) stops diarrhoea/diarrhea, acts as stomachic, tonic to intestines and useful for diabetics. Fevers: It is useful in acute febrile conditions. | ||||
| Side effect | It is a non-toxic vegetable, however, being saltish is regarded as difficult for digestion and may cause mild biliousness. | ||||
| Medical system | Unani | ||||
| Traditional concept | Temperament | It is cold and moist in the second degree (Kabiruddin). | |||
| Drug effect | It is diuretic and sedative for biliousness. | ||||
| Dosage | 3 to 7gm. (seeds). 6 to 10ml. (leaf aqueous extract). | ||||
| Substitute | Bazr qutuna (Plantago ovata Forssk.) seeds. | ||||
| Related drugs | Portulaca quadrifida Linn. | ||||
| Corrigent (corrective) | Qand Safaid (sugar candy) and Podina (Mentha piperita Linn.). | ||||
| Important compound preparations | Dawa al-Misk Har Sada, Qurs Sartan, Muffareh Barid Sada and Banadiq al-Bazur. | ||||
| References | Reference book Tips！ | Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, 1956. Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L. and Chopra, I.C., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi. - New Edition (1996) National Institute Science Communication; Supplement p 202. Indian Materia Medica, Vols. 1-2, 1976 (Repr. 1989). Nadkarni, A.K., Popular Prakashan Pvt. Ltd., Bombay Vol. 1, pp 1005-1007. Makhzanul-Mufradat (Khawasul Adviyah), Hakeem Kabiruddin, Daftar Al-Masih, Qarol Bagh, Delhi. p 190. A Survey of Drugs, 1961 (2nd edi.). Wahid, A. K. and Siddiqui, H. H. Institute of History of Medicine and Medical Research, Delhi. pp 55-58. Dictionary of Economic Plants in India, 1996 (2nd Rep.). Singh, U; Wadhwani, A. M. and Johri B.M. Indian council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi. p 182. Al-Qanun Fil-Tibb. Avicenna. (English translation of the critical Arabic text), Book 2, 1998. Hameed, H. A. (editor), Dept. of Islamic Studies, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi. pp 101-102. Al-Jamili Mufradt Al Adwiya Wal Aghziya (1197-1248 A.D.). Ibn al-Baytar. Vols. 1-3, 1985-1999. Central council for Research in Unani Medicine, Janakpuri, New Delhi. pp 257-259. Hamdard Pharmcopoeia of Eastern medicine, 1969. Said, H. M. (editor), The Times Press, Sadar Karachi. pp 130, 212, 294. Indusyunic Medicine, 1997. Usmanghani, K., Saeed, A. and Alam, M. T. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi. pp 357-358. Unani Adwiyah Mufradah, 1984. Ali, Saifuddin, A. (3rd edi.). Taraqi-e-Urdu Bureau, R. K. Puram, New Delhi. pp 145-147. The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants, 1996. Andrew Chavallier, DK Publishing Inc., New York. p 253. | |||
| Remarks | There is a small variety of purslane, which is eaten as vegetable in most parts of India. It is particularly found in Bihar and Andhra Pradesh. It is famous as “Chawal Ki Bhaji”. It is acrid or sour in taste. In ancient Arabic literature two technical terms have been used. One is Rijalah and the other is Baqlat al-hamqa. Rijalah (Portulaca oleracea) is the common vegetable and its leaves are also bigger in size and are described here under Khurfa. Baqlat al-hamqa (Portulaca quadrifida) is also mentioned as Khurfa khurd (small purslane). It possesses smaller leaves than the common purslane, that is why it is called lesser purslance or small purslane. The Unani physicians have also observed that over doses or continuous use of the drug produces a brain disorder similar to dementia. Therefore, in Arabic it is called Baqlat al-hamqa. It means that such vegetable which may produce dementia type disorder. Its use as medicinal herb in Unani medicine dates back at least 2,000 years. All the Unani physicians have described this drug. Saifuddin has given the details of this drug. He states that the functions and properties of both types of drugs are similar. But small purslane (P. quadrifida) has stronger potency, therefore; it should be used cautiously. Seeds also possess features identical with those of P. oleracea. In Bengal it is known as Nuni-sak; Lonia. P. oleracea is known as Baralaniya. It is included in the list of vegetable drugs used exclusively in Unani medicine. | ||||
| Last renewal date | 2024/03/18 | ||||
