Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market nameCHUM-HET-THAI
Other namesChum-het-khwai, Chum-het-na, Chum-het-lek, Phrom-dan
English nameFoetid cassia, Sickle senna
Original plant nameCassia tora Linn. syn. Senna tora (L.) Roxb., Foetid cassia, Sickle senna
Family nameCaesalpiniaceae (Former Leguminosae)
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification whole plant
Collection informationKingdom of Thailand, Bangkok
Collection dateDec, 1972
CollectorTsuneo Namba, et al.
IdentifierNijsiri Ruangrungsi
TMPW No.13581

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
Production area information
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13.7563309
100.50176510000006
Collection information
Kingdom of Thailand,Bangkok
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Scientific information data base

Crude drug nameThai name,
English name		Chum-hed-thai
Other namesFoetid cassia, Sickle senna
crude drug image
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Original plant nameCassia tora Linn. syn. Senna tora (L.) Roxb.
Family nameCaesalpiniaceae (Former Leguminosae)
Used partLeaf, branch, whole plant, seeds
Distribution areaFound in southern China; Southeast Asia; the Philippines; India; Japan.
Frequency in useModerate to frequent.
Traditional usageLeave are laxative and treat scabies and ringworm.

The stem and root are antipyretic and diuretic.

Root: Crushed fresh roots mixed with lime juice and used in the treatment of herpes and psoriasis.

Whole plant is antipyretic, anthelmintic and laxative and used for cold.

Seed: Detersive for scabies, ringworm and other skin diseases; laxative, body tonic and diuretic. Seeds are employed for insomnia, hepatitis, cirrhosis, conjunctivitis, cataract, tinea versicolor and hypertension. Roasted seeds are diuretic, laxative and tranquilizer.
Drug effectAntipyretic, Anthelmintic, Laxative.
Chemical constituent
Aloe-emodin; chrysophanol; chrysophanic acid-9-anthrone; emodin; obtusin; physcion; rhein; anthraquinone glycoside; obtusifolin;nor-rubrofusarin; rubrofusarin; β-sitosterol; rubrofusarin-6-O-β-D-gentiobioside; D-arabinose; D-xylose; sitosterol; rubrofusarin-6-β-gentiobioside; kaempferol; aurantioobtusin; 1,6,8-trihydroxy-3-methyl anthraquinone; chrysooobtusin; chrysophanol diglucoside; chrysophanol triglucoside; toralactone; chysophanol-1-O-γ-D-gentiobioside; D-galactode; D-rhamnose; D-glucose; D-mannose; 1-methionine; 2-naphtho-γ-pyrone; noroubrofusarin; obtusin; oligosaccharide; physcion diglucoside; alaternin 2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside; 1-tryptophan; cassiaside, toralactone-9-O-β-D-gentiobioside; nor-rubrofusarin gentiobioside; demethylflavasperone gentiobioside; torachrysone; torachrysone gentiobioside; torachrysone tetraglucoside; torachrysone apioglucoside; 9-[(β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-10- hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-methyl-1H-naphtho[2,3-c]pyran-1-one; 6-[(α-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-rubrofusarin.
Seed oil: linoleic acid; oleic acid; palmitic acid; stearic acid.

Pharmacological effectThe aqueous extract of seeds showed diuretic and oxytocic activity.
The benzene extract showed in vitro antifugal (pathogenic fungal);
whole plant: phagocytic stimulation; antibacterial; antiviral;; antispasmodic; cytotoxic.
Leaf: inhibited plant germination; antibacterial.
Seed: antibacterial; antifungal; lowering blood pressure; stimulated smooth muscle contraction (glycoside fraction); 50% ethanol extract showed antispasmodic; diuretic; non-mutagenicity.

The ethylacetate fraction of methanolic extract exhibited more antioxidant potency than n-butanol and water fractions.
Alaternin, cassiaside and rubrofusarin gentiobioside showed radical scavenging activity (DPPH).
Chrysophanol, emodin and rhein, showed antigenotoxicity against Trp-P-1 in the Comet assay.
The ethanolic extract and its ether soluble and water soluble fraction decreased serum level of total cholesterol, increased the serum HDL-cholesterol, decreased triglyceride and reduced LDL-cholesterol level.
C. tora fiber supplements could improve serum lipid status in type II diabetic patients without serious adverse effects.
The methanol extracts of seeds showed larvicidal activity against early 4th-stage larvae of Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens pallens.
The water extracts from Cassia tora L.seeds (both roasted and unroasted seeds), chrysophanol, emodin, and rhein showed inhibitory activity against benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)-induced DNA damage in human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, via the comet assay.
The extract showed antiplasmodial activity in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 (chloroquine sensitive) and Dd2 (chloroquine resistant and pyrimethamine sensitive).
The CH2Cl2 and n-BuOH fractions of methanol extract of seed possessed antimutagenic activity but the H2O fraction of methanol extract of seed was inactive and chrysophanol, chryso-obtusin, and aurantio-obtusin from the CH2Cl2 fraction and cassiaside and rubro-fusarin gentiobioside from the n-BuOH fraction showed antimutagenic activity.
The Yishoujiangzhi (de-blood-lipid) tablets (composed of Radix Polygori Multiflori, Rhizoma Polygonati, Fructus Lycii, Crataegus Pinnatifida and Cassia Tora) showed antihyperlipemia activity.
Cassiaside, rubrofusarin-6-β-gentiobioside and 6-[(α-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]- rubrofusarin showed hepatoprotective effects against galactosamine damage.
The seed extract induced hypotensive effect in pentobarbital anesthetized rats.
The hypotensive effect possibly involves a vagal reflex which reciprocally alters the vasomotor tone of the central sympathetic nervous system.
Chrysophanic acid-9-anthrone was a major antifungal compound isolated from the seeds.
The LD50 of 50% ethanol extract when gave ip. to mice was equalled to 50.0mg/kg.
Medical systemThai medicine
PreparationsDecoction and infusion
ReferencesReference book　

Tips！

The Forest Herbarium of the Royal Forest Department: Thai Plant Names Tem Smitinand, Revised Edition 2001. Prachachon Co.Ltd., Bangkok.
pp 114, 479.

Wuttidhamvate W.: Saranukrom Samunplai, 1997. Odian Store Press, Bangkok.
p 182.

Ruangrungsi N and Manklakupta T.: Thai Herbs I. 2004. Thanprinting Co., Ltd., Bangkok.
p 10.

Duong NV.: Medicinal Plants of Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos, 1993. Mekong Printing, Santa Monica.
pp 95-6.

Farnsworth R and Bunyapraphatsara N.: Thai Medicinal Plants, 1992. Prachachon Co., Ltd., Bangkok.
pp 107-110.

Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University.: Medicinal Plants in Thailand, vol I. Saralamp P, Chuakul W, Temsiririrkkul R, Clayton T, editors. 1996. Amarin Printing and Publishing Public Co., Ltd., Bangkok.
p 64.

Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University.: Medicinal Plants in Siri Ruckhachatti Garden, 2nd edition. Saralamp P, editor. 1996. Amarin Printing and Publishing Public Co., Ltd., Bangkok.
p 80.

Research paper1. Zhenbao J, Ling TFG, Guanjun T, Xiaolin D.:Antioxidant properties of extracts from uemingzi (Cassia tora L.) evaluated in vitro. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 2007;40(6):1072-1077.
2. (PMID: 10898619)
3. (PMID: 10563975)
4. Wu CH, Yen GC.: Antigenotoxic properties of Cassia tea (Cassia tora L.): Mechanism of action and the influence of roasting process. Life Sciences. 2004;76(1): 85-101.
5. Patil UK., Saraf S, Dixit VK.: Hypolipidemic activity of seeds of Cassia tora Linn. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2004;90(2-3): 249-252.
6. Chidume FC, Kwanashie HO, Adekeye JO, Wambebe C, Gamaniel KS.: Antinociceptive and smooth muscle contracting activities of the methanolic extract of Cassia tora leaf. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2002;81(2): 205-209.
7. Lee HJ, Choi JS, Jung JH, Kang SS.: Alaternin glucoside isomer from Cassia tora. Phytochemistry. 1998;49(5): 1403-1404.
8. Choi JS, Jung JH, Lee HJ, Lee JH, Kang SS.: A naphthalene glycoside from Cassia tora. Phytochemistry. 1995; 40(3): 997-999.
9. (PMID: 17300158)
10. (PMID: 16903080)
11. (PMID: 16176140)
12. (PMID: 15453672)
13. (PMID: 12322944)
14. (PMID: 11368639)
15. (PMID: 10479756)
16. (PMID: 10478467)
17. (PMID: 9063089)
18. (PMID: 8569253)
19. (PMID: 10319159)
20. (PMID: 2740460)
21. (PMID: 16414637)
22. (PMID: 998558)
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25. (PMID: 1143018)
26. (PMID: 4737581)
27. (PMID: 5074047)
28. (PMID: 5792305)
29. (PMID: 5792304)
30. (PMID: 5847032)
Last renewal date2022/02/22
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