Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market nameJung Rahab
Other namesJava: jung rahab, kayu racak (Javanese), jhung rahab (Madurese); Sumatra: junjung atap (Bangka), si gamei-gamei (West Sumatra) [201]
Original plant nameBaeckea frutescens Linn.
Family nameMyrtaceae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification leaf
Collection informationRepublic of Indonesia, Nyonya Meneer (museum)
Collection date1994/02/25
CollectorKatsuko Komatsu, et al.
IdentifierMangestuti Agil
TMPW No.14136

Scientific information data base

Crude drug nameIndonesian name,
English name		Jungrahab
Synonyms Ujung atap
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Original plant nameBaeckea frutescens Linn.
Family nameMyrtaceae
Used partLeaves, roots
Distribution areaIt is widespread from South-East Asia to Australia, including southern China, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi, New Guinea. It is not known to occur in Java. In Borneo, it occurs in swamp forest in lowlands [201, 220].
DescriptionLeaves are opposite, needle-like, 6-15 mm x 0.4-0.8 mm, base narrowly cuneate, apex obtuse or acute, margin entire, resinous aromatic when crushed [220].
The plant is a shrub or a small tree up to 8 m tall, bark greyish brown, fissured and flaky; wood red, very hard, dense and heavy; inflorescence axillary, 1-flowered, corolla white, oil glands present. Fruits a hemispherical to campanulate capsule opening by 3-4 longitudinal slits [220].
Drug effectHot, aromatic, analgesic, antispasmodic, tonic, diuretic [231].
Specific actionsAntispasmodic, emmenagogue [201, 220].
Frequency in useAbundant
Pharmacological effectThe essential oil at dose of 435 mg / kg exhibited antihepatotoxic activity against artificially induced liver injury in mice [220].

A chromone constituent, 5-Hydroxy-2-isopropyl-7-methoxychromone and four analogues, have been isolated from the aerial parts of Baeckea frutescens. All of them exhibited toxicity to the brine shrimp Artemia salina [PMID:12932146].

The methanol extracts of Baeckea frutescens exhibited potent antibacterial activity against the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans [PMID:15351117].
Medical systemIndonesian medicine (Jamu)
Traditional usageTea made from leaves is used as healthy tonic drinks. Tea is also used for fever and fatique. It is one of the important ingredients of an Indonesian traditional formula namely ''jamu peluntur'' that is used after childbirth to enhance uterine cleansing and recovery of the womb. It also used as emmenagogue. Batak tribe in Sumatra Island (Indonesia) used the leaves as a diuretic and abortivum [201].
Formulation1) Irregular menstruation and after childbirth:
 6 grams of leaves of B. frutescens, 3 grams of aboveground parts of Achillea millefolium are boiled or steeped with 110 ml of water. Drink 100 ml of the infusion once a day for 4 days, start from 4 days before menstruation [231].

2) Rheumatism:
 8 grams of roots of B. frutescens is boiled with 110ml of water to make a decoction. Drink the decoction 100 ml once a day for 7 days. Drink 100 ml of the decoction 3 times a week for maintenance [231].
ReferencesReference book　

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[201] K. Heyne, Tumbuhan Berguna Indonesia, Vols. 1-4, 1987. Diedarkan Oleh Koperasi Karyawan Departemen Kehutanan, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Vol. 3, pp 1534-1535.

[220] van Valkenburg, J.L.C.H. and Bunyapraphatsara, N. (editors). Plant Resources of South-East Asia No. 12 (2). Medicinal and posionous plants 2. Prosea Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia, 2002.
pp 96-98.

[231] Soedibyo, Mooryati: Alam Sumber Kesehatan: Manfaat dan Kegunaan (Natural resources for health. Benefits and uses). Balai Pustaka. 1998.
pp 180-181.

Research paper1. Gray CA, Kaye PT, Nchinda AT. Anticariogenic activity of some tropical medicinal plants against Streptococcus mutans. Fitoterapia, 75(6):596-8, 2004. (PMID: 12932146)

2. Hwang JK, Shim JS, Chung JY. Chromone studies. Part 13. Synthesis and electron-impact mass spectrometric studies of 5-hydroxy-2-isopropyl-7-methoxychromone, a constituent of the medicinal plant Baeckea frutescens, and side-chain analogues. J Nat Prod., 66(8):1144-6, 2003. (PMID: 15351117)
RemarksThe presence of some active compounds such as chromone-derivatives, flavanones and phloroglucinols might be of interest [220].
Last renewal date2024/03/06
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