Crude drug sample data base
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Crude drug name | Market name | Cengkeh |
|---|---|---|
| Other names | Java: cengkeh (Javanese), cengke (Madurese); Celebes: cangke (Ujung pandang); Mollucas: Pualawane (Ambon), Bunglawa (Buru); Bali: Wunga lawang; Sumatra: bunga cangkeh (Minangkabau) [201] | |
| English name | Clove | |
| Original plant name | Eugenia aromatica Kuntze, Clove | |
| Family name | Myrtaceae | |
| Used part | Classification | Plant origin | Sub classification | flower |
| Production area information | Republic of Indonesia | |
| Collection information | Republic of Indonesia, Toko Tunas Rejeki, Denpasar Kumba Sari | |
| Collection date | 1994/03/02 | |
| Collector | Katsuko Komatsu, et al. | |
| Identifier | Mangestuti Agil | |
| TMPW No. | 14310 | |
Scientific information data base
| Crude drug name | Indonesian name, English name | Cengkeh, Clove | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Synonyms | Bunga lawang, Kembang lawang | |||||
| crude drug image |
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| Original plant name | Eugenia aromatica Kuntze | |||||
| Family name | Myrtaceae | |||||
| Used part | Flowers, fruits | |||||
| Distribution area | Indigenous to the Mollucas (Indonesia). It is now cultivated in other tropical areas, including Indonesia [201, 219]. | |||||
| Description | Flowers are red with 4 concave, overlapping petals that drop off as soon as the flower opens. Inflorescence racemose panicles, buds on the form of nails before blossoming. Buds readily exude oil when pressed or scratched with a fingernail. The plant is a small evergreen trees, 10-20 m high. Leaves opposite, petiolate, lanceolate, pinkish to dark green, have a pungent odour when young, have some [219]. Some cultivars have been identified based on the colour of the flower buds: 1) flower buds are slightly red. 2) flower buds are smaller and dark red. 3) flower buds are slightly red and bigger than cultivar 1. | |||||
| Drug effect | Hot, warming [231]. | |||||
| Specific actions | Analgesic, carminative, stomachic [231]. | |||||
| Frequency in use | Abundant. | |||||
| Common uses | The dried flower buds is used as a condiment and as the main ingredient in Indonesian cigarette namely kretek cigarette (Indonesia: rokok kretek). | |||||
| Side effect | Should not be administered during pregnancy or lactation or to children without medical supervision. | |||||
| Pharmacological effect | A research is conducted to study the effect of eugenol on the cytotoxicity, induction of apoptosis, and the putative pathways of its actions in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) under the standard laboratory illumination. Results showed that eugenol transduced the apoptotic signal via ROS generation, thereby inducing mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), reducing anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2 level, inducing cytochrome c release to the cytosol, and subsequent apoptotic cell death [PMID: 15922856]. Study on the effect of 50% ethanolic extract of clove on general mating behaviour, libido, potency along with its likely gastric ulceration and adverse effects on sexually normal male albino rats showed that the extract produced a significant and sustained increase in the sexual activity of normal male rats, without any conspicuous gastric ulceration and adverse effect [PMID: 15530165]. The ethanol or aqueous extracts inhibited the growth in vitro of Staphylococcus aureus. Eugenol inhibited the growth in vitro of Staphylococcus aureus, Propionibacterium acnes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with an MIC of 0.05, 0.05 and 0.80 mg/ml respectively [219]. The essential oil from clove demonstrated scavenging activity against the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydracyl (DPPH) radical at concentrations lower than the concentrations of eugenol, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), showed a significant inhibitory effect against hydroxyl radicals and acted as an iron chelator [PMID: 16910723]. Clove oil possesses strong antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus fumigatus, etc. The oil was found to be extremely successful in the treatment of experimental murine vaginitis in model animals.Topical administration of the liposomized clove oil was the most effective against treatment of vaginal candidiasis [PMID: 16390816]. Oral intake of an herbal food, clove, may suppress the overgrowth of Candida albicans in the alimentary tract including the oral cavity [PMID:15711533]. | |||||
| Medical system | Indonesian medicine (Jamu) | |||||
| Traditional usage | It is applied as an analgesic, carminative and stomachic; it is used to treat sore throat, toothache, rheumatism and influenza. Cloves are chewed to treat stomachache [231], Leaves are used in liniments. The essential oil obtained from the flower buds is used as an analgesic in treating toothache and a component of oil blends for aromatherapy. Crushed fruits mixed with stem bark of Parameria laevigata and galls of Quercus infectoria is used to tone vaginal muscles after parturition and for bride-to-be. A mixture of crushed fruits with bark of Alyxia reinwardtii is used as an appetite stimulant. A mixture of crushed fruits with roots of Moringa oleifera is used to treat colic Crushed fruits alone is used against colic and cold. Chinese people considered the fruit as an aphrodisiac [201]. | |||||
| Formulation | 1) Hoarseness: 12 pieces of cloves and 1 piece of nutmeg are pounded to make a powder, 30 grams of vaseline is put in a bowl and melt, add the powder and stir to make a fine ointment. Rub the ointment on the neck area, cover the area with a shawl [231]. 2) Toothache: Put some drops of essential oil on a cotton and apply the cotton on the affected tooth [231]. | |||||
| References | Reference book Tips！ | [201] K. Heyne, Tumbuhan Berguna Indonesia, Vols. 1-4, 1987. Diedarkan Oleh Koperasi Karyawan Departemen Kehutanan, Jakarta, Indonesia. Vol. 3, pp 1510 -1512. [219] World Health Organization: WHO Monographs on selected medicinal plants. Vol.1 (1999), Vol. 2 (2002), Malta. Vol. 2, pp 45-52. [231] Soedibyo, Mooryati: Alam Sumber Kesehatan: Manfaat dan Kegunaan (Natural resources for health. Benefits and uses). Balai Pustaka. 1998. pp 111-112. | ||||
| Research paper | 1. Jirovetz L, Buchbauer G, Stoilova I, Stoyanova A, Krastanov A, Schmidt E. Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of clove leaf essential oil. J Agric Food Chem. 23;54(17):6303-7, 2006. (PMID: 16910723) 2. Ahmad N, Alam MK, Shehbaz A, Khan A, Mannan A, Hakim SR, Bisht D, Owais M. Antimicrobial activity of clove oil and its potential in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis. J Drug Target. 13(10):555-61, 2005. (PMID: 16390816) 3. Yoo CB, Han KT, Cho KS, Ha J, Park HJ, Nam JH, Kil UH, Lee KT. Eugenol isolated from the essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllata induces a reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells. Cancer Lett. 8;225(1):41-52, 2005. (PMID: 15922856) 4. Taguchi Y, Ishibashi H, Takizawa T, Inoue S, Yamaguchi H, Abe S. Protection of oral or intestinal candidiasis in mice by oral or intragastric administration of herbal food, clove (Syzygium aromaticum). Nippon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi. 46(1):27-33, 2005. (PMID: 15711533) 5. Tajuddin, Ahmad S, Latif A, Qasmi IA. Effect of 50% ethanolic extract of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry. (clove) on sexual behaviour of normal male rats. BMC Complement Altern Med. 5;4:17, 2004. (PMID: 15530165) | |||||
| Last renewal date | 2024/02/29 | |||||
