Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market name枳実
Formal name枳実
Japanese nameきじつ, Kijitsu
Vernacular nameZhishi
Latin nameAurantii Fructus Immaturus (JP), (CP)
English nameImmature Orange (JP), Immature Orange Fruit (CP)
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification immature fruit
Production area informationPeople's Republic of China, Zhejiang Prov.
Collection informationJapan（ToS）, Osaka Pref., Tochimoto Tenkaido Co., Ltd. [Non-commercial Sample]
Collection date2019/07/19
CollectorKatsuko Komatsu
TMPW No.30084

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
30.274084
120.15507000000002
Production area information
People's Republic of China,Zhejiang Prov.
https://ethmed.toyama-wakan.net/img/pin_san.png
34.6937249
135.5022535
Collection information
Japan（ToS）,Osaka Pref.
https://ethmed.toyama-wakan.net/img/pin_nyu.png

Scientific information data base

Common name枳実 （中国産/ CN production）, Zhishi, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (CP2020), Immature Orange Fruit (CP2020)
Synonyms小枳実, 枳殻, 川枳殻
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Original plant nameCitrus aurantium L., C. sinensis Osbeck, C. unshiu Marc., C. reticulata Blanco, Poncirus trifoliata Raf., (Santō, Amadaidai, Unshumikan, Ponkan and Kukitsu)
original plant image
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Family nameRutaceae
Used partimmature fruit
Quality for selectionGood Zhishi is 2 cm in diameter, and has thick blue black skin. Zhishi is a kind of liuchen. The older the better. (TN)
Official compendiumJP XVII, CP (2020 ed.)
Clinical applicationAs an aromatic stomachic, Zhishi is applied for indigestion, abdominal distention, constipation, stomachache and phlegm syndrome. Though the effects are similar to Zhiqiao, it is stronger in action.
Medical systemTraditional Chinese medicine
Drug effect in
traditional medicine		Traditional
classification		Carminatives for regulating flow of Qi
Beneficial effect[Property and Flavor] Mild cold; bitter pungent and sour.
[Meridian Tropism] Spleen and stomach meridians.
[Actions] To break qi, eliminate accumulation, resolve phlegm and dissipate stuffiness.
[Indications] Interior retention of accumulation and stagnation, stuffiness and fullness, distending pain, tenesmus caused by diarrhea and dysentery, constipation, phlegm stagnation and qi obstruction, chest impediment, chest bind, splanchnoptosis.
Chemical constituentOther aliphatic and related compounds
Citrus spp. (*C1):
クエン酸 [citric acid]

Monosaccharides
Citrus spp. (*C1):
Vitamin C

Polysaccharides
Citrus spp. (*C1):
ペクチン質 [pectic substance]

Monoterpenoids
Citrus spp. (*C1):
d-Limonene
C. aurantium, C. sinensis (*C1):
Linalyl acetate, Geranyl acetate, Methyl anthranilate, Citronellal, Citral, Linalool, Terpineol, Geraniol

Triterpenoids
Citrus spp. (*C1):
Limonin

Flavones & Flavonols
C. aurantium (*C2,C3,C4):
Isosinensetin, Sinensetin, 5,7,8,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone, Nobiletin, Tetra-O-methylscutellarein, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone, 3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, Tangeretin, 5-Demethylnobiletin, Rhoifolin
C. sinensis (*C2,C3,C4):
Isosinensetin, Sinensetin, 5,7,8,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone, Nobiletin, Tetra-O-methylscutellarein, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone, 3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, Tangeretin, 5-Demethylnobiletin, Rhoifolin
C. unshiu (*C2):
Isosinensetin, Sinensetin, 5,7,8,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone, Nobiletin, Tetra-O-methylscutellarein, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone, 3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, Tangeretin
C. reticulata (*C2):
Isosinensetin, Sinensetin, 5,7,8,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone, Isosakuranetin, Nobiletin, Tetra-O-methylscutellarein, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone, 3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, Tangeretin, 5-Demethylnobiletin
P. trifoliata (*C2):
Tangeretin
C. natsudaidai (*C2,C3,C4,C5):
Nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone, 3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, Tangeretin, Rhoifolin, 5,7,8,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone, (Tetra-O-methylscutellarein, Isosinensetin, 5-Demethylnobiletin)
C. ichangensis (*C4):
Nobiletin, Tangeretin
C. wilsonii (*C4):
Nobiletin, Tetra-O-methylscutellarein, Tangeretin
C. junos (*C4):
3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone

Flavanones & Dihydroflavonols
C. aurantium (*C2,C3,C4):
Poncirin, Naringenin, Hesperetin, Isosakuranetin, Narirutin, Naringin, Hesperidin, Neohesperidin
C. sinensis (*C2,C3,C4):
Naringenin, Hesperetin, Isosakuranetin, Narirutin, Hesperidin, Naringin
C. unshiu (*C2):
Naringenin, Hesperetin, Narirutin, Hesperidin
C. reticulata (*C2):
Naringenin, Hesperetin, Narirutin, Hesperidin
P. trifoliata (*C2):
Poncirin, Naringenin, Isosakuranetin, Narirutin, Naringin
C. natsudaidai (*C2,C3,C4,C5):
Poncirin, Naringenin, Naringin, Neohesperidin, Hesperetin, (Narirutin, Hesperidin)

Coumarins
C. aurantium, C.sinensis (*C1):
Umbelliferone, Auraptene, Citropten, Isoimperatorin, Imperatorin
C. aurantium (*C2,C3,C4):
Meranzin hydrate, Marmin, Isomeranzin, 5-[(6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl) oxy]-Psoralen, Isoimperatorin, Meranzin
P. trifoliata (*C2):
Isomeranzin, Poncimarin, Isoponcimarin, Imperatorin,
Phellopterin, Isoimperatorin
C. natsudaidai (*C2,C3,C4,C5):
Meranzin hydrate, Marmin, Isomeranzin, 5-[(6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl) oxy]-Psoralen, Isoimperatorin, Meranzin, (Phellopterin)
C. ichangensis (*C4):
Meranzin hydrate, Limettin, Meranzin, Marmin, Isomeranzin, 5-[(6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl) oxy]-Psoralen, Epoxyaurapten
C. wilsonii (*C4):
Meranzin, Marmin, Isomeranzin, Oxypeucedanin, 5-[(6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl) oxy]-Psoralen, Imperatorin, Epoxyaurapten, Isoimperatorin
C. junos (*C4):
Phellopterin, Isoimperatorin

Alkaloids
Citrus spp. (*C6):
Synephrine
(*C7):
N-Methylthyramine

Others
Citrus spp. (*C1):
Ca塩 [CaCL2], K塩 [KCl]

Chemical structure





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Pharmacological effectAntiallergic (water extract, sinensetin, nobiletin, tangeretin), antiinflammatory (neohesperidin，sinensetin，nobiletin，tangeretin），antiulcer （marmin，nobiletin） and analgesic （isoimperatorin）．
DNA sequenceU38312, AF312228, AJ235806; Traditioal Medical & Parmaceutical Database.
Classical reference
(Chinese Herbal Classic "Zhenglei bencao")		※Click this image to see the actual image
DiseaseAbdominal pain, Constipation, Diarrhea, Full stomach, , Stomachache, Anorexia
FormulationInchinsan, Untanto, En'nenhangeto, Kamiuntanto, Kamishokankyoto, Kamijokito, Karoto, Kanroin, Kijitsushishishito, Kijitsushishidaioshito, Kijitsudaioto, Kijutsuto, Kippikijitsushokyoto, Gyakubanto, Keishishokyokijitsuto, Kochinmuyusan, Gohekiin, Kobokusammotsuto, Kobokushichimotsuto, Saikosokanto, Saikobekkoto, Shigyakusan, Shishikobokuto, Shishidaioto, Shakuyakuto, Junkiwachuto, Shojokito, Shobaito, Shohito, Seichuankaito, Daikenchuto, Daijokito, Chikujountanto, Jizutsuippo, Tokibyakujutsusan, Tokibyakujutsuto, Tokiyoketsuto, Ninjin-yoei-to, Haidokuto, Hainosankyuto, Bukuryoin, Bunshoto, Henseishinkiin, Hontonto, Yohaito, Ryokito, Rengyoto, Rengyoto, Kaishun'inchinsan
Related drugsKijitsu (Immature Orange produced in Japan), Zhiqiao (Orange Fruit), Chenpi (Dried Tangerine Peel), Qingpi (Green Tangerine Peel), Chengpi (Bitter Orange Peel)
ReferencesCP2020: Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2020 edi.
C1)The Encyclopedia of Wakan-Yaku with Color Pictures Vol. I, pp 261-264.
C2)Nat.Med.,51,231(1997).
C3)Nat.Med.,51,84(1997).
C4)Nat.Med.,50,114(1996).
C5)Nat.Med.,51,205(1997).
C6)Shoyakugaku Zasshi,46,150(1992).
C7)Outline of Pharmacognosy, a Textbook, pp 272-273.
Last renewal date2021/09/27
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