Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market name四化青皮
Formal name青皮
Japanese nameせいひ, Seihi
Vernacular nameSihua Qingpi
Latin nameCitri Unshiu Pericarpium Immaturus (Non-JPS), Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride (CP)
English nameImmature Citrus Unshiu Peel (Non-JPS), Green Tangerine Peel (CP)
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification pericarp of immature fruit
Production area informationPeople's Republic of China, Sichuan Prov.
Collection informationJapan（ToS）, Osaka Pref., Tochimoto Tenkaido Co., Ltd. [Non-commercial Sample]
Collection date2019/07/19
CollectorKatsuko Komatsu
TMPW No.30134

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
30.572815
104.06680099999994
Production area information
People's Republic of China,Sichuan Prov.
https://ethmed.toyama-wakan.net/img/pin_san.png
34.6937249
135.5022535
Collection information
Japan（ToS）,Osaka Pref.
https://ethmed.toyama-wakan.net/img/pin_nyu.png

Scientific information data base

Common name青皮, Qingpi, Citri Unshiu Pericarpium Immaturus (Non-JPS2022), Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride (CP2020), Immature Citrus Unshiu Peel (Non-JPS2022), Green Tangerine Peel (CP2020)
Synonyms四花青皮, 個青皮
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Original plant nameCitrus unshiu Marcowicz1 or Citrus reticulata Blanco, (Unshūmikan1)
original plant image
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Family nameRutaceae
Used partpericarp of young fruit or unripe fruit
Quality for selectionThe surface of good one is grayish blue in color. The stronger bluish tone is preferable. The cavernous tissue of the back side is white. The taste and flavors should be as fresh as possible. (NI)
Official compendiumNon-JPS (2022), CP (2020 ed.)
Clinical applicationAs an aromatic stomachic, it is applied to treat indigestion and abdominal pain. It enters the qi system of liver and gall bladder. It is a stronger medicine than chenpi in promoting excretion, activating qi and relieving pain. It is used to both upper and lower energizer.
Medical systemTraditional Chinese medicine
Drug effect in
traditional medicine		Traditional
classification		Carminatives for regulating flow of Qi
Beneficial effect[Property and Flavor] Warm; bitter and pungent.
[Meridian Tropism] Liver, gallbladder and stomach meridians.
[Actions] To soothe the liver and break qi, eliminate accumulation and resolve stagnation.
[Indications] Distending pain in the chest and the hypochondrium, pain caused by genital disease, mammary hyperplasia, acute mastitis, food accumulation and qi stagnation, distending pain in the epigastrium and abdomen.
Chemical constituentOther aliphatic and related compounds
C. unshiu (*C1):
クエン酸 / citric acid

Monosaccharides
C. unshiu (*C1):
Vitamin C

Monoterpenoids
C. unshiu (*C1):
Limonene, α-Terpinene, α-Pinene, β-Pinene, Linalool, α-Cubebene, α-Thujene, α-Terpineol

Sesterterpenoids
C. unshiu (*C1):
δ-Elemene, α-Copaene, β-Sesquiphellandrene, 1,8-Menthadien-10-ol acetate, α-Elemol, Myrcene, α-Farnesene, β-Elemene, δ-Cadinene

Flavones & Flavonols
C. reticulata (*C2,C4):
Isosinensetin, Sinensetin, 5,7,8,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone, Nobiletin, Tetra-O-methylscutellarein, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone, 3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, Tangeretin, 5-Demethylnobiletin
C. unshiu (*C2,C3,C4,C5):
Isosinensetin, Sinensetin, 5,7,8,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone, Nobiletin, Tetra-O-methylscutellarein, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone, 3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, Tangeretin, Rhoifolin, 5-Demethylnobiletin
C. sinensis (*C2):
Isosinensetin, Sinensetin, Nobiletin, Tetra-O-methylscutellarein, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone, 3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, Tangeretin, 5-Demethylnobiletin
C. aurantium (*C2):
Nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone, 3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, Tangeretin, 5-Demethylnobiletin
C. natsudaidai (*C2):
Nobiletin, Tetra-O-methylscutellarein, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone, 3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, Tangeretin

Flavanones & Dihydroflavonols
C. unshiu (*C2,C3,C4,C5):
Hesperidin, Naringenin, Narirutin, Naringin
C. reticulata (*C2,C4):
Naringenin, Hesperetin, Narirutin, Hesperidin, Naringin, Isoimperatorin
C. sinensis (*C2):
Narirutin, Hesperidin
C. aurantium (*C2):
Poncirin,　Naringenin, Narirutin, Naringin, Neohesperidin
C. natsudaidai (*C2):
Poncirin, Naringenin, Hesperetin, Narirutin, Naringin, Hesperidin, Neohesperidin

Coumarins
C. aurantium (*C2):
Meranzin hydrate,　Marmin, 5-[(6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl) oxy]-Psoralen
C. natsudaidai (*C2):
Meranzin hydrate, Marmin, Isomeranzin, Isoimperatorin
C. reticulata (*C4):
Oxypeucedanin

Chemical structure






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Pharmacological effectSympathomimetic action (synephrine), antiulcer (nobiletin), antiinflammatory (naringin，neohesperidin，nobiletin，tangeretin，sinensetin，xanthotoxin), antiallergy (nobiletin，tangeretin，3-methoxynobiletin，sinensetin), inhibition of c-AMP phosphodiesterase （nobiletin，tangeretin，3-demethylnobiletin), capillary reinforcement （hesperidin), antioxidation （3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid), sedation, central inhibition, contraction of removed ileum, uterus and peripheral blood vessel, mucosa and local stimulation, increase the pressure in gall bladder in vivo and myotony of the sphincter of Oddi, increase in bile secretion, enhanced intestinal movement in vivo, decrease in the level of cholesterol in the liver and serum （d-limonene).
DNA sequenceU38312, AF312228; Traditioal Medical & Parmaceutical Database.
Classical reference
(Chinese Herbal Classic "Zhenglei bencao")		※Click this image to see the actual image
DiseasePain due to flatulence of hypochondrium, Depression, Restlessness, Mastitis, Hernia, Dyspepsia
FormulationKagenshahakusan, Saikosokanto, Bunshinkiin
Related drugsCitri Unshiu Pericarpium, Tachibana Pericarpium, Aurantii Pericarpium, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, Aurantii Fructus
ReferencesNon-JPS2022: The Japanese standards for non-Pharmacopoeial crude drugs 2022.
CP2020: Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2020 edi.
C1)The Encyclopedia of Wakan-Yaku with Color Pictures Vol. I, pp 257-260.
C2)Nat.Med.,51,231(1997).
C3)Nat.Med.,51,84(1997).
C4)Nat.Med.,50,114(1996).
C5)Nat.Med.,51,205(1997).
C6)Shoyakugaku Zasshi,46,150(1992).
RemarksThe fallen young fruits are collected in May and June, and dried in the sun (known as Geqingpi [個青皮]). The immature fruits are collected in July and August, and a slit is made in the peal then the calyx is removed. It is known as Sihuaqingpi (四花青皮 or 四化青皮). The immature fruit has more flavonoid glycoside and synephrine. It also has more antioxidant properties.
Last renewal date2022/07/20
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