Crude drug sample data base
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Crude drug name | Market name | 杏仁 |
|---|---|---|
| Formal name | 杏仁（日本/JP），苦杏仁（中国/CN） | |
| Japanese name | きょうにん, Kyōnin | |
| Vernacular name | Xingren | |
| Latin name | Armeniacae Semen (JP), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (CP) | |
| English name | Apricot Kernel (JP), Bitter Apricot Kernel (CP) | |
| Used part | Classification | Plant origin | Sub classification | seed |
| Production area information | People's Republic of China, Chifeng City, Innner Mongolia | |
| Collection information | Japan（ToS）, Osaka Pref. , Tochimoto Tenkaido Co., Ltd. [Non-commercial Sample] | |
| Collection date | 2020/02/06 | |
| Collector | Katsuko Komatsu | |
| TMPW No. | 30405 | |
The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative
location of its administrative area is indicated.
location of its administrative area is indicated.
42.25785
118.886931
Production area information
People's Republic of China,Chifeng City, Innner Mongolia
https://ethmed.toyama-wakan.net/img/pin_san.png
34.6937249
135.5022535
Collection information
Japan（ToS）,Osaka Pref.
https://ethmed.toyama-wakan.net/img/pin_nyu.png
Scientific information data base
| Common name | 杏仁, Xingren, Armeniacae Semen (JP18), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (CP2020), Apricot Kernel (JP18), Bitter Apricot Seed (CP2020) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Synonyms | 苦杏仁, 苦北杏仁, 龍王大南杏仁 | |||||
| crude drug image |
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| Original plant name | Prunus armeniaca L.1, Prunus armeniaca L. var. ansu Maxim.2, Prunus sibirica L., (Hon'anzu1, Anzu2) | |||||
| original plant image |
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| Family name | Rosaceae | |||||
| Used part | seed | |||||
| Quality for selection | Good Xingren is fat and large-fruit. The inside is white. It is used after removing the shell of the semens. (TN) | |||||
| Official compendium | JP XVIII, CP (2020 ed.) | |||||
| Clinical application | As an antitussive, expectorant and diuretic, xingren is applied for asthma, cough, dyspnea, distension of the gastric region, edema and constipation due to dryness of intestine. | |||||
| Medical system | Traditional Chinese medicine | |||||
| Drug effect in traditional medicine | Traditional classification | Antitussives and antiasthmatics | ||||
| Beneficial effect | [Property and Flavor] Mild warm; bitter; slightly toxic. [Meridian Tropism] Lung and large intestine meridians. [Actions] To direct qi downward, suppress cough, relieve wheezing, moisten the intestines and open the bowels. [Indications] Cough and wheezing, chest fullness, profuse sputum and constipation caused by intestinal dryness. | |||||
| Chemical constituent | Lipids (*C1): Oleic acidのグリセライド [glyceride] Peptide (*C1): Emulsin, 抗炎症性タンパク [protein substance with anti-inflammatory property] Cyanogenic compounds (*C1): Amygdalin | |||||
| Chemical structure | 
※画像をクリックすると、拡大して表示されます。 | |||||
| Pharmacological effect | Antipyretic, relaxation of tracheal smooth muscle, antitussive, antiinflammatory, vermifugal and disinfectant. | |||||
| DNA sequence | AF185620; Traditioal Medical & Parmaceutical Database. | |||||
| Classical reference (Chinese Herbal Classic "Zhenglei bencao") |  ※Click this image to see the actual image | |||||
| Disease | Asthma, Cough, Dyspnea, A lot of sputum, Edema, Constipation | |||||
| Formulation | Kagaisan, Kamihachimyakusan, Kankonto, Kippihangeto, Kyososan, Keishikakobokukyoninto, Keishinimaoichito, Keishimaokakuhanto, Kobokumaoto, Gokoto, Kokonrokukenzokumeito, Shisoshito, Junchoto, Junhaito, Shoseiryugomakyokansekito, Shozokumeito, Shimpito, Seihaito, Zokumeito, Daiseiryuto, Daizokumeito, Jizenippo, Tokibyakujutsusan, Tokibyakujutsuto, Ninjin-yoei-to, Baimoto, Haiyoto, Hakanto, Bukuryokyoninkanzoto, Maoto, Maokajutsuto, Maokaryojutsubuto, Maorenshosekishozuto, Makyokansekito, Makyoyokukanto, Yohaito, Ryokankyomishingeninto, Ryokankyomishingeninoto, Apricot Kernel Water, | |||||
| Related drugs | Taoren (Peach Kernel) | |||||
| References | JP18: The 18th edition of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. CP2020: Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2020 edi. C1) The Encyclopedia of Wakan-Yaku with Color Pictures Vol. I, pp 270-272. | |||||
| Remarks | The Japanese Pharmacopoeia defines the origin of Xingren as seed of P. armeniaca and its variant P. armeniaca var. ausu, and P. sibirica L. (Jap. name: Mōkoanzu). The Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China defines the origin of Kuxingren as seed of P. mandshurica (Maxim.) Koehne (Jap. name: Manshūanzu), in addition to the above. In China, "Tianxingren" (used for food) is distinguished from "Kuxingren" which is used as medicine. Their amygdalin content are different. The amygdalin content in "Kuxnigren" is 3 to 5% and that in "Tianxingren" is 0.11%. The amygdalin is transformed into mandelonitorile by emulsin (beta-glucosidase) etc., which coexist in Xingren. Finally, it generates benzaldehyde, glucose and hydrocyanic acid. "Xingrenshui" (Jap. name: Kyōninsui) is a cough remedy and expectorant drug, which has major components of benzaldehyde and hydrocyanic acid. "Kyōninsui" is manufactured by steam distillation of "Xingren" after removing the fatty oil. "Taoren" (Peach Kernel) is another crude drug of semens which belongs to genus Purunus and contains amygdalin (approximately 2%). Xingren has the benefit of promoting the normal flow of vital energy and water in the Five Elements. It is used for the syndrome of upper burner and applied for the constipation with stagnation of qi. Meanwhile, "Taoren" has the benefit of promoting circulation of blood. It is used for the syndrome of lower burner and applied to the constipation with blood stasis. | |||||
| Last renewal date | 2021/09/27 | |||||
