Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market name夏枯草
Formal name夏枯草
Japanese nameかごそう, Kagosō
Vernacular nameXiakucao
Latin namePrunellae Spica (JP), (CP)
English namePrunella Spike (JP), Common Selfheal Fruit-Spike (CP)
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification spike
Collection informationJapan(ToS), Osaka Pref., Tochimoto Tenkaido Co., Ltd. [Non-commercial Sample]
Collection date2020/10/19
CollectorKatsuko Komatsu
TMPW No.30723

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative  
location of its administrative area is indicated.  
Production area information
https://ethmed.toyama-wakan.net/img/pin_san.png
34.6937249
135.5022535
Collection information
Japan(ToS),Osaka Pref.
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Scientific information data base

Common name夏枯草, Xiakucao, Prunellae Spica (JP18, CP2020), Prunella Spike (JP18), Commom Selfheal Fruit-Spike (CP2020)
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Original plant namePrunella vulgaris Linné var. lilacina Nakai (= Prunella vulgaris Linné subsp. asiatica H. Hara), (Utsubogusa)
original plant image
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Family nameLabiatae
Used partspike or whole plant
Quality for selectionGood Xiakucao is well-proportioned, brown and consists of spikes only. The one laced with leaves or stem is not good. (TN)
Xiakucao produced in Nanjing Jiangsu Prov. is high quality.
Official compendiumJP XVIII, CP (2020 ed.)
Clinical applicationAs an antihypertensive diuretic and antiinflammatory, Xiakucao is applied for edema, oliguria, gonorrhea and cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis.
Medical systemTraditional Chinese medicine
Drug effect in
traditional medicine
Traditional
classification
Drugs for reducing intense internal heat
Beneficial effect[Property and Flavor] Cold; pungent, bitter.
[Meridian Tropism] Liver and gallbladder meridians.
[Actions] To clear the liver and purge fire, improve vision, dissipate binds and disperse swelling.
[Indications] Red painful swelling eyes, eyeball pain at night, headache and dizziness, scrofula, goiter, acute mastitis , mammary hyperplasia, distending pain in the breasts.
Chemical constituentOther aliphatic and related compounds
P. vulgaris subsp. asiatica (*C1):
有機酸/organic acid

Triterpenoids
P. vulgaris subsp. asiatica (*C1):
Ursolic acid, Prunellin, Fenchone

Steroids
Ajuga decumbens (*C1):
Ajugalactone, Ajugasterone B, Ajugasterone C

Sterols
Ajuga bracteosa (*C1):
beta-Sitosterol, gamma-Sitosterol

Ecdysones & Phytoecdysones
Ajuga decumbens (*C1):
beta-Ecdysone, Cyasterone

Flavonoids
P. vulgaris subsp. asiatica (*C1):
フラボノイド

Tannins
P. vulgaris subsp. asiatica (*C1):
タンニン

Other alkaloids
Ajuga bracteosa (*C1):
アルカロイド様の心臓興奮作用物質/alkaloid-like cardio-excitator substance

Others
P. vulgaris subsp. asiatica (*C1):
カリウム塩/potassium salt

Chemical structure

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Pharmacological effectWeak cardiotonic and diuresis (ursolic acid,prunellin).
Classical reference
(Chinese Herbal Classic "Zhenglei bencao")
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DiseaseRed eye, Headache, Vertigo, Restlessness, Eye pain, Tuberculous lymphadenitis, Goiter, Mastadenoma, Tumor of the parotid gland, Edema, Oliguria, Gonorrhea
FormulationKagosoto
Related drugsDokagosō (Korean Kagosō): the whole plant of Thesium chinense Turcz.,Hakumokagosō: the whole plant of Ajuga decumbens Thunb.
ReferencesJP18: The 18th edition of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia.
CP2020: Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2020 edi.
C1)The Encyclopedia of Wakan-Yaku with Color Pictures Vol. II, pp 119-121.
RemarksA part of Korean Xiakucao is the whole plant of Thesium chinense Turcz. of family Santalaceae (Jap. name: Kanabikisō) which is also called Dokagosō (Jap. neme). Hakumokagosō, produced in China, is the whole plant of Ajuga decumbens Thunb. of family Labiatae (Jap. name: Kiransō) or other Ajuga genus. In a part of Yunnan Prov., the whole plant ofA. bracteosa Wall. is called Xiakucao. In Japan, Kinransō is a folk medicine for gastro-intestine and skin boils, and used as a bath agent.
Last renewal date2021/09/27