Crude drug sample data base
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Production area information
People's Republic of China
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34.6937249
135.5022535
Collection information
Japan(ToS),Osaka Pref.
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Scientific information data base
Common name | 甘草, Gancao, Glycyrrhizae Radix (JP18), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (CP2020), Glycyrrhiza (JP18), Liquorice Root (CP2020) | ||||||
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Synonyms | 東北甘草,西北甘草 | ||||||
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Original plant name | Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer1, Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.2, (Urarukanzō1, Nankinkanzō2) | ||||||
original plant image |
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Family name | Leguminosae | ||||||
Used part | root and stolon | ||||||
Quality for selection | Good Gancao has thick, dense roots which are bright yellow inside. It is very sweet. (TN) | ||||||
Official compendium | JP XVIII, CP (2020 ed.) | ||||||
Clinical application | As emollient, painkiller, antitussive, expectorant and antidote, Gancao is applied for stomachache, myalgia, convulsion, pharyngitis, rheumatism, arthritis, allergy, peptic ulcer and addisonism. It is the raw material of glycyrrhizin and corrigent. | ||||||
Medical system | Traditional Chinese medicine | ||||||
Drug effect in traditional medicine | Traditional classification | Drugs for replenishing Qi (vital energy) | |||||
Beneficial effect | [Property and Flavor] Neutral; sweet. [Meridian Tropism] Heart, lung, spleen and stomach. [Actions] To tonify spleen and tonify qi, clear heat and remove toxin, dispel phlegm, suppress cough, relax spasm, relieve pain, and moderate drug actions. [Indications] Spleen-stomach weakness, fatigue, lack of strength, palpitation, shortness of breath, cough and profuse sputum, painful spasm in the stomach duct, abdomen and limbs, swelling abscess, sore, toxin, reducing the other drugs' toxin and drastic action. | ||||||
Chemical constituent | Triterpenoids G. glabra (*C10): Carbenoxolone Triterpenoid saponins (*C1): Glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhizic acid)(4-12%), 23-Hydroxyglycyrrhetic acid, 24-Hydroxyglycyrrhetic acid, 11-Deoxyglycyrrhetic acid, 24-Hydroxy-11-deoxyglycyrrhetic acid, Uralenic acid, Glycyrretol, Liquiritic acid, Glabric acid, Glabrolide, Deoxyglabrolide, Isoglabrolide, 21alpha-Hydroxyisoglabrolide, Liquiridioic acid, Liquoric acid G. glabra (*C3-C10): Glycyrrhizin, 以下代謝物 (the following compounds are metabolites.) 18beta-Glycyrrhetic acid, 18alpha-Glycyrrhetic acid, 3-Epi-18beta-glycyrrhetic acid, 3-Dehydro-18beta-glycyrrhetic acid, 3-Dehydro-18alpha-glycyrrhetic acid, 3-Keto-18beta-glycyrrhetic acid, 3-Keto-18alpha-glycyrrhetic acid, 3alpha-Hydroxyglycyrrhetic acid, 3alpha-Hydroxy-18alpha-glycyrrhetic acid, 3beta-Hydroxyglycyrrhetic acid, 3-Oxo-18beta-glycyrrhetic acid, 22alpha-Hydroxy-18beta-glycyrrhetic acid, 24-Hydroxy-18beta-glycyrrhetic acid, 22alpha-Hydroxy-3-oxo-18beta-glycyrrhetic acid, 24-Hydroxy-3-oxo-18beta-glycyrrhetic acid, 22alpha-Hydroxy-3-epi-18beta-Glycyrrhetic acid, 24-Hydroxy-3-epi-18beta-Glycyrrhetic acid, 3-O-Acetyl-22alpha-hydroxyglycyrrhetic acid Flavonoids (*C2): Licoflavone A, Kumatakenin Flavanones & Dihydroflavonols (*C1): Liquiritin, Liquiritigenin G. glabra (*C1): Neoliquiritin, Rhamnoliquiritin Isoflavones (*C1): Formononetin, Licoricone, 2-methyl-7-hydroxyisoflavone (*C2): Glabrone Chalcones, Dihydrochalcones & Aurones (*C1): Isoliquiritin, Isoliquiritigenin G. glabra (*C1): Neoisoliquiritin, Licuraside, Rhamnoisoliquiritin (*C2): Licochalcone A, Licochalcone B Coumarins (*C1): Glycyrol, Isoglycyrol (*C2): Glycyrin Other aromatic derivatives (*C2): Licoricidin, Glabrene | ||||||
Chemical structure |
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Pharmacological effect | Inhibition of digestive ulcer, suppression of the secretion of gastric juices, spasmolysis, antitussive, adrenocortical hormone like effect (extract). Antiinflammatory, and antiallergic effects (glycyrrhizin). | ||||||
DNA sequence | AB012125, AB012126, AB012127, AB012128, AB012129, AB032424, AF124238; Traditioal Medical & Parmaceutical Database. | ||||||
Classical reference (Chinese Herbal Classic "Zhenglei bencao") | ![]() | ||||||
Disease | Swelling and pain of the throat, Cough, Palpitation, Anorexia, Pyogenic dermatosis, Gastric ulcer | ||||||
Formulation | Akyobushito, Anzanto, Anchusan, Ioto, Ikeigoshijunto, Ikosan, Ireito, Inchinshigyakuto, Uzuto, Uzukeishito, Uyakujunkisan, Ureitsukito, Unkeito, Untanto, Unpito, Ekkiyoeito, Eppito, Eppikajutsuto, Eppikahangeto, Ogikenchuto, Ogibekkoto, Ogonto, Ogonkahangeshokyoto, Odoto, Orento, Orenshodokuin, Otsujito, Kaikyushokushoto, Kagaisan, Kagawagedokuzai, Kagen'ireito, Kagenshahakusan, Kagenshosaikoto, Kagenhachimotsuto, Kagenryokakusan, Kashokuyohito, Katsuketsugedokuto, Kakkoshokisan, Kakkonto, Kakkon'oren'ogonto, Kakkonkahangeto, Kakkonkaryojutsubuto, Kakkonkokato, Kakkontokashin'isenkyuto, Kamiuntanto, Kamikihito, Kamijokito, Kamishoyosan, Kamishoyosangoshimotsuto, Kamihassento, Kamiheiisan, Karokeishito, Kankyoto, Kangento, Kankonto, Kanzuihangeto, Kanzoto, Kanzokankyoto, Kanzoshashinto, Kanzobushito, Kanzomaoto, Kanchuto, Kambakutaisoto, Kanrento, Kanrendaioto, Kanrendaiokasekkoto, Kanroin, Kigikenchuto, Kikyoto, Kikyogedokuto, Kippichikujoto, Kihito, Gyakubanto, Kyukikyogaito, Kyukichoketsuin, Kyukihochuto, Kyugyakuto, Kyoseihatekigan, Kyososan, Kinkohojutsubuto, Kufugedokusan, Kufushokutsuto, Kumisaikoto, Kumihangeto, Kumibinroto, Keigairengyoto, Keigairengyoto, Keikyososooshinbuto, Keishito, Keishikaogito, Keishikakakkonto, Keishikakeito, Keishikakobokukyoninto, Keishikashakuyakuto, Keishikashakuyakushokyoninjinto, Keishikashakuyakudaioto, Keishikajutsubuto, Keishikadaioto, Keishikabushito, Keishikaryojutsubuto, Keishikanzoto, Keishikanzoryukotsuboreito, Keishikyokeikeikabukuryobyakujutsuto, Keishikyoshakuyakuto, Keishikyoshakuyakukashokushitsuryukotsuboreito, Keishikyoshakuyakukashokushitsuryukotsuboreikyugyakuto, Keishikyoshakuyakukamaobushisaishinto, Keishishakuyakuchimoto, Keishitoninto, Keishinieppiichito, Keishinieppiittokaryojutsubu, Keishinimaoichito, Keishininjinto, Keishibushito, Keishimaokakuhanto, Keihito, Kokikososan, Kokyuto, Koshaheiisan, Kosharikkunshito, Kososan, Kochinmuyusan, Gohekiin, Kobokushichimotsuto, Kobokushokyohangekanzoninjinto, Gokoto, Kokonrokukenzokumeito, Goshakusan, Gomotsudaioto, Gorinsan, Saikatsugekito, Saikanto, Saikokaboshoto, Saikokyohangekakaroto, Saikokeishito, Saikokeishikankyoto, Saikoshimotsuto, Saikoseikansan, Saikosokanto, Saikobekkoto, Saikoyoeito, Saishakurikkunshito, Saibokuto, Saireito, Sansoninto, Jiinkokato, Jiinshihoto, Shiinsen, Shionsan, Shigyakuto, Shigyakukaninjinto, Shigyakusan, Shikunshito, Shikonboreito, Shishikanzoshito, Shishihakuhito, Shijunto, Shijunseiryoin, Jijinmeimokuto (Jinkimeimouto), Shisoshito, Shisowakiin, Shichimibyakujutsuto, Shaito, Shakanzoto, Shakukan'oshinbuto, Shakuyakuto, Shakuyakutokadaio, Shakuyakukanzoto, Shakuyakukanzobushito, Shakuyakukanzobushidaioto, Shadojindaioto, Shahakusan, Shahito, Shahitokaryukotsuboreito, Juzentaihoto, Jumihaidokuto, Jurokumiryukiin, Junkiwachuto, Junchoto, Shunrinshakusekishito, Shokitenkoto, Shokyokanzoto, Shokyoshashinto, Shokenchuto, Shosaikoto, Shosaikotokaorenbukuryo, Shosaikotokakikyosekko, Shosaikogohangekobokuto, Shoseiryuto, Shoseiryukasekkoto, Shoseiryugomakyokansekito, Shozokumeito, Shobaito, Shobaishashinto, Jobinto, Shofusan, Shomakakkonto, Shoyosan, Shoyosankato, Jokinritsuansan, Joshitsuhokito, Joyowaketsuto, Shin'isan, Jin'en'ippo, Jinkimeimokuto, Jingyobofuto, Jinkokokito, Jinsoin, Jintanto, Shimpito, Seiishakato, Seiinrikakuto, Seishitsuketanto, Seijokentsuto, Seijobofuto, Seishoekkito, Seishinto, Seishinrenshiin, Seisoyoeito, Seineitsugeutsuto, Seinetsuhokito, Seihaito, Seiryoin, Senkanmeimokuto, Senkyuchachosan, Senkonto, Zenshikunshito, Zenshibyakujutsusan, Sempukukataishasekito, Zokumeito, Sokeikakketsuto, Soshikokito, Daiokanzoto, Daiseiryuto, Daizokumeito, Daitokato, Daibyakuchuin, Daibofuto, Danrito, Jiohanho, Chikujountanto, Chikuhidaigan, Chikuyoto, Chikuyosekkoto, Jishusabiho, Jizenippo, Jidabokuippo, Jizusoippo, Jizutsuippo, Chimobukuryoto, Chukenchuto, Chuseito, Choijokito, Chokoshiteito, Chotosan, Choburichuto, Tsudosan, Tsumyakushigyakuto, Teizento, Tokakujokito, Tokiinshi, Tokikenchuto, Tokishigyakuto, Tokishigyakukagoshuyushokyoto, Tokishusan, Tokinentsuto, Tokibyakujutsusan, Tokibyakujutsuto, Toryuto, Dokkatsukakkonto, Dokkatsukiseito, Tonsonto, Naisoorento, Naitaku-san, Naitaku-san, Nijutsuto, Nichinto, Nyoshinsan, Ninjinsan, Ninjinto, Ninjin-yoei-to, Ninjin-yoei-to, Haidokuto, Hainoto, Baimoto, Haiyoto, Hakutookakanzoakyoto, Bakumondoto, Bakumondoinshi, Hachimigangoninjinto, Hachimishoyosan, Hachimotsuto, Hacchinto, Hangesanryo, Hangeto, Hangekobokushichimotsuto, Hangeshashinto, Byakugokokinto, Byakujutsubushito, Byakkokakeishito, Byakkokaninjinto, Bukuryokanzoto, Bukuryokyoninkanzoto, Bukuryokeishikanzodaisoto, Bukuryoshigyakuto, Bukuryotakushato, Bukuryhoshinto, Bushikobeito, Bushirichuto, Bunshinkiin, Heiisan, Henseishinkiin, Hointo, Boiogito, Boijioto, Boibukuryoto, Bofutsushosan, Hojinto, Botanpisan, Hochuekkito, Boreito, Hontonto, Hontonto, Hontonto, Hontonto, Hontonbukuryoto, Honposhakuyakuto, Maoto, Maokajutsuto, Maokaryojutsubuto, Maobushikanzoto, Maorenshosekishozuto, Makyokansekito, Makyoyokukanto, Mankeishisan, Mibakuekkito, Meiroin, Mokutsusan, Yohaito, Yokuininto, Yokukansan, Yokukansankachinpihangeto, Yokukansankachinpihangeto, Richuankaito, Richuto, Rikkunshito, Rikkosan, Ryukotsuto, Ryutan-shakan-to, Ryutan-shakan-to, Ryokakusan, Ryokankyomishingeto, Ryokankyomishingeninto, Ryokankyomishingeninoto, Ryokangomikyoshinto, Ryokito, Ryo-kei-kan-so-to, Ryokeigomikanzoto, Ryokeijutsukanto, Reiyoukakuin, Rengyoto, Rengyoto, Rengyoto, Renjuin, Rogyokuto, Rokuutsuto, Rokumotsubushito, Glycyrrhiza Extract, Crude Glycyrrhiza Extract, Fuinto, Koshayoito | ||||||
Related drugs | Xinjiang Gancao (Glycyrrhiza inflata Batal) | ||||||
References | JP18: The 18th edition of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. CP2020: Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2020 edi. C1)The Encyclopedia of Wakan-Yaku with Color Pictures, Vol. I, pp 42-45. C2)Outline of Pharmacognosy, a Textbook, pp.284-285. C3)Planta Med.,48,38(1983). C4)Chem.Pharm.Bull.,33,210(1985). C5)Biochim.Biophys.Acta,921,275(1987). C6)J.Biochem.,103,504(1988). C7)Biochem.Pharmacol.,40,291(1990). C8)Biochem.Pharmacol.,41,1025(1991). C9)Planta Med.,298(1984). C10)Chem.Pharm.Bull.,40,1208(1992). | ||||||
Remarks | - "Xinjiang Gancao", the root or stolon of Glycyrrhiza inflata Batal, is used for extracting and isolating glycyrrhizin. - Raw or honey dipped fragments of "Gancao" are roasted, which are called "Zhigancao". "Gancao" clears away heat and toxins well, whereas "Zhigancao" is strong in invigorating the spleen and replenishing qi (vital energy). - "Gancao" is the most frequently used crude drug in Kampo formulations. "Gancao" extract is in high demand as a condiment for cigarette, soy sauce and other foods. - Because of the action of its mineralcorticoids, long-term and massive use (over 50g/day) may lead to hypokalemia, hypernatremia, edema, high blood pressure and heart disorders. In extreme cases, it causes pseudoaldosteronism. | ||||||
Last renewal date | 2022/11/02 | ||||||