Crude drug sample data base
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Production area information
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34.6937249
135.5022535
Collection information
Japan(ToS),Osaka Pref.
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Scientific information data base
Common name | 枳実 (中国産/ CN production), Zhishi, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (CP2020), Immature Orange Fruit (CP2020) | |||||
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Synonyms | 小枳実, 枳殻, 川枳殻 | |||||
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Original plant name | Citrus aurantium L., C. sinensis Osbeck, C. unshiu Marc., C. reticulata Blanco, Poncirus trifoliata Raf., (Santō, Amadaidai, Unshumikan, Ponkan and Kukitsu) | |||||
original plant image |
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Family name | Rutaceae | |||||
Used part | immature fruit | |||||
Quality for selection | Good Zhishi is 2 cm in diameter, and has thick blue black skin. Zhishi is a kind of liuchen. The older the better. (TN) | |||||
Official compendium | JP XVII, CP (2020 ed.) | |||||
Clinical application | As an aromatic stomachic, Zhishi is applied for indigestion, abdominal distention, constipation, stomachache and phlegm syndrome. Though the effects are similar to Zhiqiao, it is stronger in action. | |||||
Medical system | Traditional Chinese medicine | |||||
Drug effect in traditional medicine | Traditional classification | Carminatives for regulating flow of Qi | ||||
Beneficial effect | [Property and Flavor] Mild cold; bitter pungent and sour. [Meridian Tropism] Spleen and stomach meridians. [Actions] To break qi, eliminate accumulation, resolve phlegm and dissipate stuffiness. [Indications] Interior retention of accumulation and stagnation, stuffiness and fullness, distending pain, tenesmus caused by diarrhea and dysentery, constipation, phlegm stagnation and qi obstruction, chest impediment, chest bind, splanchnoptosis. | |||||
Chemical constituent | Other aliphatic and related compounds Citrus spp. (*C1): クエン酸 [citric acid] Monosaccharides Citrus spp. (*C1): Vitamin C Polysaccharides Citrus spp. (*C1): ペクチン質 [pectic substance] Monoterpenoids Citrus spp. (*C1): d-Limonene C. aurantium, C. sinensis (*C1): Linalyl acetate, Geranyl acetate, Methyl anthranilate, Citronellal, Citral, Linalool, Terpineol, Geraniol Triterpenoids Citrus spp. (*C1): Limonin Flavones & Flavonols C. aurantium (*C2,C3,C4): Isosinensetin, Sinensetin, 5,7,8,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone, Nobiletin, Tetra-O-methylscutellarein, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone, 3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, Tangeretin, 5-Demethylnobiletin, Rhoifolin C. sinensis (*C2,C3,C4): Isosinensetin, Sinensetin, 5,7,8,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone, Nobiletin, Tetra-O-methylscutellarein, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone, 3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, Tangeretin, 5-Demethylnobiletin, Rhoifolin C. unshiu (*C2): Isosinensetin, Sinensetin, 5,7,8,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone, Nobiletin, Tetra-O-methylscutellarein, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone, 3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, Tangeretin C. reticulata (*C2): Isosinensetin, Sinensetin, 5,7,8,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone, Isosakuranetin, Nobiletin, Tetra-O-methylscutellarein, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone, 3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, Tangeretin, 5-Demethylnobiletin P. trifoliata (*C2): Tangeretin C. natsudaidai (*C2,C3,C4,C5): Nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-Heptamethoxyflavone, 3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, Tangeretin, Rhoifolin, 5,7,8,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone, (Tetra-O-methylscutellarein, Isosinensetin, 5-Demethylnobiletin) C. ichangensis (*C4): Nobiletin, Tangeretin C. wilsonii (*C4): Nobiletin, Tetra-O-methylscutellarein, Tangeretin C. junos (*C4): 3-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone Flavanones & Dihydroflavonols C. aurantium (*C2,C3,C4): Poncirin, Naringenin, Hesperetin, Isosakuranetin, Narirutin, Naringin, Hesperidin, Neohesperidin C. sinensis (*C2,C3,C4): Naringenin, Hesperetin, Isosakuranetin, Narirutin, Hesperidin, Naringin C. unshiu (*C2): Naringenin, Hesperetin, Narirutin, Hesperidin C. reticulata (*C2): Naringenin, Hesperetin, Narirutin, Hesperidin P. trifoliata (*C2): Poncirin, Naringenin, Isosakuranetin, Narirutin, Naringin C. natsudaidai (*C2,C3,C4,C5): Poncirin, Naringenin, Naringin, Neohesperidin, Hesperetin, (Narirutin, Hesperidin) Coumarins C. aurantium, C.sinensis (*C1): Umbelliferone, Auraptene, Citropten, Isoimperatorin, Imperatorin C. aurantium (*C2,C3,C4): Meranzin hydrate, Marmin, Isomeranzin, 5-[(6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl) oxy]-Psoralen, Isoimperatorin, Meranzin P. trifoliata (*C2): Isomeranzin, Poncimarin, Isoponcimarin, Imperatorin, Phellopterin, Isoimperatorin C. natsudaidai (*C2,C3,C4,C5): Meranzin hydrate, Marmin, Isomeranzin, 5-[(6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl) oxy]-Psoralen, Isoimperatorin, Meranzin, (Phellopterin) C. ichangensis (*C4): Meranzin hydrate, Limettin, Meranzin, Marmin, Isomeranzin, 5-[(6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl) oxy]-Psoralen, Epoxyaurapten C. wilsonii (*C4): Meranzin, Marmin, Isomeranzin, Oxypeucedanin, 5-[(6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenyl) oxy]-Psoralen, Imperatorin, Epoxyaurapten, Isoimperatorin C. junos (*C4): Phellopterin, Isoimperatorin Alkaloids Citrus spp. (*C6): Synephrine (*C7): N-Methylthyramine Others Citrus spp. (*C1): Ca塩 [CaCL2], K塩 [KCl] | |||||
Chemical structure |
※画像をクリックすると、拡大して表示されます。 | |||||
Pharmacological effect | Antiallergic (water extract, sinensetin, nobiletin, tangeretin), antiinflammatory (neohesperidin,sinensetin,nobiletin,tangeretin),antiulcer (marmin,nobiletin) and analgesic (isoimperatorin). | |||||
DNA sequence | U38312, AF312228, AJ235806; Traditioal Medical & Parmaceutical Database. | |||||
Classical reference (Chinese Herbal Classic "Zhenglei bencao") | ※Click this image to see the actual image | |||||
Disease | Abdominal pain, Constipation, Diarrhea, Full stomach, , Stomachache, Anorexia | |||||
Formulation | Inchinsan, Untanto, En'nenhangeto, Kamiuntanto, Kamishokankyoto, Kamijokito, Karoto, Kanroin, Kijitsushishishito, Kijitsushishidaioshito, Kijitsudaioto, Kijutsuto, Kippikijitsushokyoto, Gyakubanto, Keishishokyokijitsuto, Kochinmuyusan, Gohekiin, Kobokusammotsuto, Kobokushichimotsuto, Saikosokanto, Saikobekkoto, Shigyakusan, Shishikobokuto, Shishidaioto, Shakuyakuto, Junkiwachuto, Shojokito, Shobaito, Shohito, Seichuankaito, Daikenchuto, Daijokito, Chikujountanto, Jizutsuippo, Tokibyakujutsusan, Tokibyakujutsuto, Tokiyoketsuto, Ninjin-yoei-to, Haidokuto, Hainosankyuto, Bukuryoin, Bunshoto, Henseishinkiin, Hontonto, Yohaito, Ryokito, Rengyoto, Rengyoto, Kaishun'inchinsan | |||||
Related drugs | Kijitsu (Immature Orange produced in Japan), Zhiqiao (Orange Fruit), Chenpi (Dried Tangerine Peel), Qingpi (Green Tangerine Peel), Chengpi (Bitter Orange Peel) | |||||
References | CP2020: Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2020 edi. C1)The Encyclopedia of Wakan-Yaku with Color Pictures Vol. I, pp 261-264. C2)Nat.Med.,51,231(1997). C3)Nat.Med.,51,84(1997). C4)Nat.Med.,50,114(1996). C5)Nat.Med.,51,205(1997). C6)Shoyakugaku Zasshi,46,150(1992). C7)Outline of Pharmacognosy, a Textbook, pp 272-273. | |||||
Last renewal date | 2021/09/27 | |||||