Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market name西北甘草
Formal name甘草
Japanese nameかんぞう, Kanzō
Vernacular nameXibei Gancao
Latin nameGlycyrrhizae Radix (JP), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (CP)
English nameGlycyrrhiza (JP), Liquorice Root (CP)
Grade4 th
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification root + stolon
Production area informationPeople's Republic of China
Collection informationJapan（ToS）, Osaka Pref., Tochimoto Tenkaido Co., Ltd. [Non-commercial Sample]
Collection date2022/02/18
CollectorKatsuko Komatsu
TMPW No.31458

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
Production area information
People's Republic of China
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34.6937249
135.5022535
Collection information
Japan（ToS）,Osaka Pref.
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Scientific information data base

Common name甘草, Gancao, Glycyrrhizae Radix (JP18), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (CP2020), Glycyrrhiza (JP18), Liquorice Root (CP2020)
Synonyms東北甘草，西北甘草
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Original plant nameGlycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer1, Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.2, (Urarukanzō1, Nankinkanzō2)
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Family nameLeguminosae
Used partroot and stolon
Quality for selectionGood Gancao has thick, dense roots which are bright yellow inside. It is very sweet. (TN)
Official compendiumJP XVIII, CP (2020 ed.)
Clinical applicationAs emollient, painkiller, antitussive, expectorant and antidote, Gancao is applied for stomachache, myalgia, convulsion, pharyngitis, rheumatism, arthritis, allergy, peptic ulcer and addisonism. It is the raw material of glycyrrhizin and corrigent.
Medical systemTraditional Chinese medicine
Drug effect in
traditional medicine		Traditional
classification		Drugs for replenishing Qi (vital energy)
Beneficial effect[Property and Flavor] Neutral; sweet.
[Meridian Tropism] Heart, lung, spleen and stomach.
[Actions] To tonify spleen and tonify qi, clear heat and remove toxin, dispel phlegm, suppress cough, relax spasm, relieve pain, and moderate drug actions.
[Indications] Spleen-stomach weakness, fatigue, lack of strength, palpitation, shortness of breath, cough and profuse sputum, painful spasm in the stomach duct, abdomen and limbs, swelling abscess, sore, toxin, reducing the other drugs' toxin and drastic action.
Chemical constituentTriterpenoids
G. glabra (*C10):
Carbenoxolone

Triterpenoid saponins
(*C1):
Glycyrrhizin (Glycyrrhizic acid)(4-12%), 23-Hydroxyglycyrrhetic acid, 24-Hydroxyglycyrrhetic acid, 11-Deoxyglycyrrhetic acid, 24-Hydroxy-11-deoxyglycyrrhetic acid, Uralenic acid, Glycyrretol, Liquiritic acid, Glabric acid, Glabrolide, Deoxyglabrolide, Isoglabrolide, 21alpha-Hydroxyisoglabrolide, Liquiridioic acid, Liquoric acid
G. glabra (*C3-C10):
Glycyrrhizin, 以下代謝物 (the following compounds are metabolites.)
18beta-Glycyrrhetic acid, 18alpha-Glycyrrhetic acid, 3-Epi-18beta-glycyrrhetic acid, 3-Dehydro-18beta-glycyrrhetic acid, 3-Dehydro-18alpha-glycyrrhetic acid, 3-Keto-18beta-glycyrrhetic acid, 3-Keto-18alpha-glycyrrhetic acid, 3alpha-Hydroxyglycyrrhetic acid, 3alpha-Hydroxy-18alpha-glycyrrhetic acid, 3beta-Hydroxyglycyrrhetic acid, 3-Oxo-18beta-glycyrrhetic acid, 22alpha-Hydroxy-18beta-glycyrrhetic acid, 24-Hydroxy-18beta-glycyrrhetic acid, 22alpha-Hydroxy-3-oxo-18beta-glycyrrhetic acid, 24-Hydroxy-3-oxo-18beta-glycyrrhetic acid, 22alpha-Hydroxy-3-epi-18beta-Glycyrrhetic acid, 24-Hydroxy-3-epi-18beta-Glycyrrhetic acid, 3-O-Acetyl-22alpha-hydroxyglycyrrhetic acid

Flavonoids
(*C2):
Licoflavone A, Kumatakenin

Flavanones & Dihydroflavonols
(*C1):
Liquiritin, Liquiritigenin
G. glabra (*C1):
Neoliquiritin, Rhamnoliquiritin

Isoflavones
(*C1):
Formononetin, Licoricone, 2-methyl-7-hydroxyisoflavone
(*C2):
Glabrone

Chalcones, Dihydrochalcones & Aurones
(*C1):
Isoliquiritin, Isoliquiritigenin
G. glabra (*C1):
Neoisoliquiritin, Licuraside, Rhamnoisoliquiritin
(*C2):
Licochalcone A, Licochalcone B

Coumarins
(*C1):
Glycyrol, Isoglycyrol
(*C2):
Glycyrin

Other aromatic derivatives
(*C2):
Licoricidin, Glabrene

Chemical structure






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Pharmacological effectInhibition of digestive ulcer, suppression of the secretion of gastric juices, spasmolysis, antitussive, adrenocortical hormone like effect (extract). Antiinflammatory, and antiallergic effects (glycyrrhizin).
DNA sequenceAB012125, AB012126, AB012127, AB012128, AB012129, AB032424, AF124238; Traditioal Medical & Parmaceutical Database.
Classical reference
(Chinese Herbal Classic "Zhenglei bencao")		※Click this image to see the actual image
DiseaseSwelling and pain of the throat, Cough, Palpitation, Anorexia, Pyogenic dermatosis, Gastric ulcer
FormulationAkyobushito, Anzanto, Anchusan, Ioto, Ikeigoshijunto, Ikosan, Ireito, Inchinshigyakuto, Uzuto, Uzukeishito, Uyakujunkisan, Ureitsukito, Unkeito, Untanto, Unpito, Ekkiyoeito, Eppito, Eppikajutsuto, Eppikahangeto, Ogikenchuto, Ogibekkoto, Ogonto, Ogonkahangeshokyoto, Odoto, Orento, Orenshodokuin, Otsujito, Kaikyushokushoto, Kagaisan, Kagawagedokuzai, Kagen'ireito, Kagenshahakusan, Kagenshosaikoto, Kagenhachimotsuto, Kagenryokakusan, Kashokuyohito, Katsuketsugedokuto, Kakkoshokisan, Kakkonto, Kakkon'oren'ogonto, Kakkonkahangeto, Kakkonkaryojutsubuto, Kakkonkokato, Kakkontokashin'isenkyuto, Kamiuntanto, Kamikihito, Kamijokito, Kamishoyosan, Kamishoyosangoshimotsuto, Kamihassento, Kamiheiisan, Karokeishito, Kankyoto, Kangento, Kankonto, Kanzuihangeto, Kanzoto, Kanzokankyoto, Kanzoshashinto, Kanzobushito, Kanzomaoto, Kanchuto, Kambakutaisoto, Kanrento, Kanrendaioto, Kanrendaiokasekkoto, Kanroin, Kigikenchuto, Kikyoto, Kikyogedokuto, Kippichikujoto, Kihito, Gyakubanto, Kyukikyogaito, Kyukichoketsuin, Kyukihochuto, Kyugyakuto, Kyoseihatekigan, Kyososan, Kinkohojutsubuto, Kufugedokusan, Kufushokutsuto, Kumisaikoto, Kumihangeto, Kumibinroto, Keigairengyoto, Keigairengyoto, Keikyososooshinbuto, Keishito, Keishikaogito, Keishikakakkonto, Keishikakeito, Keishikakobokukyoninto, Keishikashakuyakuto, Keishikashakuyakushokyoninjinto, Keishikashakuyakudaioto, Keishikajutsubuto, Keishikadaioto, Keishikabushito, Keishikaryojutsubuto, Keishikanzoto, Keishikanzoryukotsuboreito, Keishikyokeikeikabukuryobyakujutsuto, Keishikyoshakuyakuto, Keishikyoshakuyakukashokushitsuryukotsuboreito, Keishikyoshakuyakukashokushitsuryukotsuboreikyugyakuto, Keishikyoshakuyakukamaobushisaishinto, Keishishakuyakuchimoto, Keishitoninto, Keishinieppiichito, Keishinieppiittokaryojutsubu, Keishinimaoichito, Keishininjinto, Keishibushito, Keishimaokakuhanto, Keihito, Kokikososan, Kokyuto, Koshaheiisan, Kosharikkunshito, Kososan, Kochinmuyusan, Gohekiin, Kobokushichimotsuto, Kobokushokyohangekanzoninjinto, Gokoto, Kokonrokukenzokumeito, Goshakusan, Gomotsudaioto, Gorinsan, Saikatsugekito, Saikanto, Saikokaboshoto, Saikokyohangekakaroto, Saikokeishito, Saikokeishikankyoto, Saikoshimotsuto, Saikoseikansan, Saikosokanto, Saikobekkoto, Saikoyoeito, Saishakurikkunshito, Saibokuto, Saireito, Sansoninto, Jiinkokato, Jiinshihoto, Shiinsen, Shionsan, Shigyakuto, Shigyakukaninjinto, Shigyakusan, Shikunshito, Shikonboreito, Shishikanzoshito, Shishihakuhito, Shijunto, Shijunseiryoin, Jijinmeimokuto (Jinkimeimouto), Shisoshito, Shisowakiin, Shichimibyakujutsuto, Shaito, Shakanzoto, Shakukan'oshinbuto, Shakuyakuto, Shakuyakutokadaio, Shakuyakukanzoto, Shakuyakukanzobushito, Shakuyakukanzobushidaioto, Shadojindaioto, Shahakusan, Shahito, Shahitokaryukotsuboreito, Juzentaihoto, Jumihaidokuto, Jurokumiryukiin, Junkiwachuto, Junchoto, Shunrinshakusekishito, Shokitenkoto, Shokyokanzoto, Shokyoshashinto, Shokenchuto, Shosaikoto, Shosaikotokaorenbukuryo, Shosaikotokakikyosekko, Shosaikogohangekobokuto, Shoseiryuto, Shoseiryukasekkoto, Shoseiryugomakyokansekito, Shozokumeito, Shobaito, Shobaishashinto, Jobinto, Shofusan, Shomakakkonto, Shoyosan, Shoyosankato, Jokinritsuansan, Joshitsuhokito, Joyowaketsuto, Shin'isan, Jin'en'ippo, Jinkimeimokuto, Jingyobofuto, Jinkokokito, Jinsoin, Jintanto, Shimpito, Seiishakato, Seiinrikakuto, Seishitsuketanto, Seijokentsuto, Seijobofuto, Seishoekkito, Seishinto, Seishinrenshiin, Seisoyoeito, Seineitsugeutsuto, Seinetsuhokito, Seihaito, Seiryoin, Senkanmeimokuto, Senkyuchachosan, Senkonto, Zenshikunshito, Zenshibyakujutsusan, Sempukukataishasekito, Zokumeito, Sokeikakketsuto, Soshikokito, Daiokanzoto, Daiseiryuto, Daizokumeito, Daitokato, Daibyakuchuin, Daibofuto, Danrito, Jiohanho, Chikujountanto, Chikuhidaigan, Chikuyoto, Chikuyosekkoto, Jishusabiho, Jizenippo, Jidabokuippo, Jizusoippo, Jizutsuippo, Chimobukuryoto, Chukenchuto, Chuseito, Choijokito, Chokoshiteito, Chotosan, Choburichuto, Tsudosan, Tsumyakushigyakuto, Teizento, Tokakujokito, Tokiinshi, Tokikenchuto, Tokishigyakuto, Tokishigyakukagoshuyushokyoto, Tokishusan, Tokinentsuto, Tokibyakujutsusan, Tokibyakujutsuto, Toryuto, Dokkatsukakkonto, Dokkatsukiseito, Tonsonto, Naisoorento, Naitaku-san, Naitaku-san, Nijutsuto, Nichinto, Nyoshinsan, Ninjinsan, Ninjinto, Ninjin-yoei-to, Ninjin-yoei-to, Haidokuto, Hainoto, Baimoto, Haiyoto, Hakutookakanzoakyoto, Bakumondoto, Bakumondoinshi, Hachimigangoninjinto, Hachimishoyosan, Hachimotsuto, Hacchinto, Hangesanryo, Hangeto, Hangekobokushichimotsuto, Hangeshashinto, Byakugokokinto, Byakujutsubushito, Byakkokakeishito, Byakkokaninjinto, Bukuryokanzoto, Bukuryokyoninkanzoto, Bukuryokeishikanzodaisoto, Bukuryoshigyakuto, Bukuryotakushato, Bukuryhoshinto, Bushikobeito, Bushirichuto, Bunshinkiin, Heiisan, Henseishinkiin, Hointo, Boiogito, Boijioto, Boibukuryoto, Bofutsushosan, Hojinto, Botanpisan, Hochuekkito, Boreito, Hontonto, Hontonto, Hontonto, Hontonto, Hontonbukuryoto, Honposhakuyakuto, Maoto, Maokajutsuto, Maokaryojutsubuto, Maobushikanzoto, Maorenshosekishozuto, Makyokansekito, Makyoyokukanto, Mankeishisan, Mibakuekkito, Meiroin, Mokutsusan, Yohaito, Yokuininto, Yokukansan, Yokukansankachinpihangeto, Yokukansankachinpihangeto, Richuankaito, Richuto, Rikkunshito, Rikkosan, Ryukotsuto, Ryutan-shakan-to, Ryutan-shakan-to, Ryokakusan, Ryokankyomishingeto, Ryokankyomishingeninto, Ryokankyomishingeninoto, Ryokangomikyoshinto, Ryokito, Ryo-kei-kan-so-to, Ryokeigomikanzoto, Ryokeijutsukanto, Reiyoukakuin, Rengyoto, Rengyoto, Rengyoto, Renjuin, Rogyokuto, Rokuutsuto, Rokumotsubushito, Glycyrrhiza Extract, Crude Glycyrrhiza Extract, Fuinto, Koshayoito
Related drugsXinjiang Gancao (Glycyrrhiza inflata Batal)
ReferencesJP18: The 18th edition of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia.
CP2020: Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2020 edi.
C1)The Encyclopedia of Wakan-Yaku with Color Pictures, Vol. I, pp 42-45.
C2)Outline of Pharmacognosy, a Textbook, pp.284-285.
C3)Planta Med.,48,38(1983).
C4)Chem.Pharm.Bull.,33,210(1985).
C5)Biochim.Biophys.Acta,921,275(1987).
C6)J.Biochem.,103,504(1988).
C7)Biochem.Pharmacol.,40,291(1990).
C8)Biochem.Pharmacol.,41,1025(1991).
C9)Planta Med.,298(1984).
C10)Chem.Pharm.Bull.,40,1208(1992).
Remarks- "Xinjiang Gancao", the root or stolon of Glycyrrhiza inflata Batal, is used for extracting and isolating glycyrrhizin.
- Raw or honey dipped fragments of "Gancao" are roasted, which are called "Zhigancao". "Gancao" clears away heat and toxins well, whereas "Zhigancao" is strong in invigorating the spleen and replenishing qi (vital energy).
- "Gancao" is the most frequently used crude drug in Kampo formulations. "Gancao" extract is in high demand as a condiment for cigarette, soy sauce and other foods.
- Because of the action of its mineralcorticoids, long-term and massive use (over 50g/day) may lead to hypokalemia, hypernatremia, edema, high blood pressure and heart disorders. In extreme cases, it causes pseudoaldosteronism.
Last renewal date2022/11/02
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