Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market nameマオウ [NIB-209]
Formal name麻黄
Japanese nameまおう, Maō
Vernacular nameMahuang
Latin nameEphedrae Herba (JP), (CP)
English nameEphedra Herb (JP), Ephedra (CP)
Original plant nameEphedra sp.
Family nameEphedraceae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification root + stolon
Production area informationPeople's Republic of China, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
Collection informationJapan, Ibaraki Pref., National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
Collection date2022/07/26
CollectorKatsuko Komatsu
Remarks[NIB-209]
TMPW No.31540

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative  
location of its administrative area is indicated.  
40.842356
111.74999500000001
Production area information
People's Republic of China,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
https://ethmed.toyama-wakan.net/img/pin_san.png
36.3418112
140.4467935
Collection information
Japan,Ibaraki Pref.
https://ethmed.toyama-wakan.net/img/pin_nyu.png

Scientific information data base

Common name麻黄, Mahuang, Ephedrae Herba (JP18, CP2020), Ephedra Herb (JP18), Ephedra (CP2020)
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Original plant nameEphedra sinica Stapf, Ephedra intermedia Schrenk et C. A. Meyer or Ephedra equisetina Bunge
original plant image
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Family nameEphedraceae
Used partaerial stem
Quality for selectionGood Mahuang is fresh and green. (TN)
Official compendiumJP XVIII, CP (2020 ed.)
Clinical applicationAs a diaphoretic, antifebrile, antitussive and painkiller, Mahuang is applied for dyspnea due to disorder of skin excretion mechanism, stridor, asthma, chills, general aching and arthritis.
Medical systemTraditional Chinese medicine
Drug effect in
traditional medicine
Traditional
classification
Diaphoretics with warm property
Beneficial effect[Property and Flavor] Warm; pungent, mild bitter.
[Meridian Tropism] Lung and bladder meridians.
[Actions] To induce perspiration for dispelling cold, to relieve asthma and to cause diuresis.
[Indications] Common cold with wind-cold syndrome (marked by chilliness and mild fever, headache, stuffy and runny nose, general aching, but no sweating), edema in acute nephritis, bronchial asthma.
Chemical constituentOther aliphatic and related compounds
(*C1):
Nonacosan-10-ol, Nonacosan, Tricosan-1-ol

Tannins
(*C1):
d-Catechin, l-Epicatechin, l-Gallocatechin, l-Epigallocatechin 及びこれらの2量体,3量体

Alkaloids
(*C2):
Ephedroxane

Isoquinoline alkaloids
(*C1):
l-Ephedrine, d-Pseudoephedrine, l-Norephedrine, l-N-Methylephedrine, d-N-Methylpseudoephedrine, d-Norpseudoephedrine

Chemical structure


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Pharmacological effectAntitussive,antiallergy (water,ethanol extract),excitation of sympathetic nerve(increase in blood pressure,bronchodilation,mydriasis,perspiration),central antitussive (ephedrine),antiinflammation(pseudoephedrine).
DNA sequenceD38242, D10732, U72821; Traditioal Medical & Parmaceutical Database.
Classical reference
(Chinese Herbal Classic "Zhenglei bencao")
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DiseaseDyspnea, Cough, Chill, Fever, Anhidrosis, Headache, Somatic pain, Arthralgia, Common cold, Influenza, Bronchitis, Pneumonia, Bronchial asthma
FormulationUzuto, Uyakujunkisan, Eppito, Eppikajutsuto, Eppikahangeto, Kagaisan, Kakkonto, Kakkonkahangeto, Kakkonkaryojutsubuto, Kakkontokashin'isenkyuto, Kankonto, Kanzomaoto, Kyososan, Keikyososooshinbuto, Keishikyoshakuyakukamaobushisaishinto, Keishishakuyakuchimoto, Keishinieppiichito, Keishinieppiittokaryojutsubu, Keishinimaoichito, Keishimaokakuhanto, Kokikososan, Kobokumaoto, Gokoto, Kokonrokukenzokumeito, Goshakusan, Saikatsugekito, San'oto, Sekishozuto, Shoseiryuto, Shoseiryukasekkoto, Shoseiryugomakyokansekito, Shozokumeito, Shimpito, Zokumeito, Daiseiryuto, Daizokumeito, Dokkatsukakkonto, Bofutsushosan, Boreito, Maoto, Maokajutsuto, Maokaryojutsubuto, Maogomito, Maobushikanzoto, Maobushisaishinto, Maorenshosekishozuto, Makyokansekito, Makyoyokukanto, Yakammaoto, Yokuininto, Rengyoto, Rengyoto
Related drugsThe root of Ephedrae Herba
ReferencesJP18: The 18th edition of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia.
CP2020: Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2020 edi.
C1)The Encyclopedia of Wakan-Yaku with Color Pictures Vol. II, pp 53-57.
C2)Outline of Pharmacognosy, a Textbook, p 341.
Remarks- The root of Mahuang is called Mahuanggen and is said to be effective in stopping sweating, as opposed to the aerial part, which is supported by the fact that ephedradines have been isolated from it. The Japanese Pharmacopoeia 17th edition defines Mahuang as the terrestrial stem of E. sinica, E. intermedia or E. equisetina. In addition, it contains not less than 0.7% of total alkaloids (ephedrine and pseudephedrine).
- In 1998, the Chinese Government issued "A notice of the export control to the products of ephedrines" (Administration of bureau of external economy and trade No. 573). It says the export of Mahuang is prohibited in order to prevent desertification as well as to preserve the resource. Currently China restricts the export of Mahuang.
Last renewal date2022/10/04