Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market nameサイコ
Formal name柴胡
Japanese nameさいこ, Saiko
Vernacular nameChaihu
Latin nameBupleuri Radix (JP), (CP)
English nameBupleurum Root (JP), Chinese Thorowax Root (CP)
Original plant nameBupleurum falcatum L., (Mishimasaiko)
Family nameUmbelliferae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification root
Production area informationPeople's Republic of China, Hubei Prov.
Collection informationJapan, Osaka Pref., Tochimoto Tenkaido Co., Ltd.
Collection date2023/02/22
CollectorKazufumi Toume
RemarksLot.010422001
Sample to be used for research
TMPW No.31725

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
30.592849
114.30553899999995
Production area information
People's Republic of China,Hubei Prov.
https://ethmed.toyama-wakan.net/img/pin_san.png
34.6937378
135.50216509999996
Collection information
Japan,Osaka Pref.
https://ethmed.toyama-wakan.net/img/pin_nyu.png

Scientific information data base

Common name柴胡, Chaihu, Bupleuri Radix (JP18), (CP2020), Bupleurum Root (JP18), Chinese Thorowax Root (CP2020)
Synonyms北柴胡，津柴胡，植柴胡
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Original plant nameBupleurum falcatum Linn., (Mishimasaiko)
original plant image
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Family nameUmbelliferae
Used partroot
Quality for selectionThe large roots which are moist and have few fragments of subterranean stems or leaves are good quality. (TN)
Official compendiumJP XVIII, CP (2020 ed.)
Clinical applicationAs an antifebrile, antidote, painkiller, and anti-inflammatory drug, Chaihu is applied for discomfort in the hypochondrium, alternate chills and fever such as malaria, jaundice, chronic hepatitis, chronic nephritis, metabolism disorder. Chaihu is known as the main medicine for Shaoyang disease.
Medical systemTraditional Chinese medicine
Drug effect in
traditional medicine		Traditional
classification		Diaphoretics with cold property
Beneficial effect[Property and Flavor] Mild cold; pungent, bitter.
[Meridian Tropism] Spleen, lung, heart and kidney meridians.
[Actions] To disperse and reduce fever, soothe the liver to resolve depression, upraise yang qi.
[Indications] Common cold with fever, alternating chills and fever, distending pain in the chest and the hypochondrium, menstrual irregularities, uterine prolapse, and prolapse of the rectum.
Chemical constituentFatty acids
(*C1):
Stearic acid, Oleic acid, Linolic acid, Linolenic acid

Sugar
(*C1):
Adonitol

Triterpenoids
(*C1):
Saikogenin E, Saikogenin F, Saikogenin G
B. falcatum (*C2,C3,C4):
Prosaikogenin F, Prosaikogenin G, Prosaikogenin A, Prosaikogenin D, Saikogenin F, Saikogenin G, Saikogenin A, Saikogenin D, Saikogenin E

Triterpenoid saponins
(*C1):
Saikosaponin a, Saikosaponin b, Saikosaponin c, Saikosaponin d, Saikosaponin e, Saikosaponin f
B. falcatum (*C2,C3,C4):
Saikosaponin a, Saikosaponin d, Saikosaponin b1, Saikosaponin b2, Saikosaponin c

Sterols
(*C1):
α-Spinasterol, Stigmasterol, ⊿7-Stigmastenol, ⊿22-Stigmastenol

Chemical structure




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Pharmacological effectCrude saponin fraction：Suppression of central nervous system, analgesic, antitussive, antifebrile, antiinflammatory, inhibition of stress ulcer, diuresis. Saikogenin A: suppression of central nervous system, analgesic, antitussive, antifebrile, antiinflammatory. Methanol soluble and water soluble fractions: analgesic, antiulcer. Saikogenin A, D: antiinflammatory, enhancement of protein synthesis in the liver, increase of the amount of glycogen in the liver, suppression of the increase in concentration of cholesterol, triglycerol and phospholipids.
DNA sequenceAF077877, AJ131344, U50224, U58552, D63489; Traditioal Medical & Parmaceutical Database.
Classical reference
(Chinese Herbal Classic "Zhenglei bencao")		※Click this image to see the actual image
DiseaseLiver cirrhosis, Fever, Alternating cold and fever, Feeling of bitter in the mouth, Depression, Restlessness, Pain due to flatulence of hypochondrium, Irregular menstruation, Chronic diarrhea, Hematochezia due to proctoptosis, Descent of the uterus
FormulationIoto, Ekkiyoeito, En'nenhangeto, Ogibekkoto, Orengedokuto, Otsujito, Kairosan, Kagenshosaikoto, Kamikihito, Kamishoyosan, Kamishoyosangoshimotsuto, Kangento, Kippihangeto, Kumisaikoto, Kumihangeto, Keigairengyoto, Keigairengyoto, Saikatsugekito, Saikanto, Saikokaboshoto, Saikokaryukotsuboreito, Saikokyohangekakaroto, Saikokeishito, Saikokeishikankyoto, Saikokobokuto, Saikoshimotsuto, Saikoseikansan, Saikosokanto, Saikobekkoto, Saikoyoeito, Saishakurikkunshito, Saibokuto, Saireito, Jiinshihoto, Shigyakusan, Jijintsujito, Shisoshito, Jumihaidokuto, Shunrinshakusekishito, Shosaikoto, Shosaikotokaorenbukuryo, Shosaikotokakikyosekko, Shosaikogohangekobokuto, Shoyosan, Shoyosankato, Joshitsuhokito, Joyowaketsuto, Jingyobekkoto, Jingyobofuto, Jintanto, Shimpito, Seinetsuhoketsuto, Daisaikoto, Chikujountanto, Chimobukuryoto, Tonsonto, Ninjinsan, Ninjin-yoei-to, Haidokuto, Baimoto, Hachimishoyosan, Hochuekkito, Yohaito, Yokukansan, Yokukansankachinpihangeto, Yokukansankachinpihangeto, Reiyoukakuin
Related drugsYinchaihu (Stellariae Radix)
ReferencesJP18: The 18th edition of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia.
CP2020: Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2020 edi.
C1)The Encyclopedia of Wakan-Yaku with Color Pictures Vol. I, pp 121-124.
C2)J.Trad.Med.,14,34(1997).
C3)Biol.Pharm.Bull.,20,1274(1997).
C4)Biol.Pharm.Bull.,21,588(1998).
RemarksThe Pharmacopoeia of The People's Republic of China (2020) defines "Chaihu" (柴胡) as dried roots of both Bupleurum chinense DC., known as "Bei-chaihu" or "Jin-chaihu" (Jap. name: "Manshūmishimasaiko") and B. scorzonerifolium Willd., known as "Nan-chaihu" or "Hong-chaihu" (Jap. name: Hosobamishimasaiko) .
The Japanese Pharmacopoeia (1st appendix of the14th edition) defines both B. chinense and B. scorzonerifolium as the roots of B. falcatum following the theory that they were the same species.
Last renewal date2022/11/02
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