Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market name淮山角
Formal name山薬
Japanese nameさんやく, San'yaku
Vernacular nameShanyao
Latin nameDioscoreae Rhizoma (JP), (CP)
English nameDioscorea Rhizome (JP), Common Yam Rhizome (CP)
Original plant nameDioscorea opposita Thunb. (= Dioscorea batatas Decne.), (Nagaimo)
Family nameDioscoreaceae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification rhizome
Collection informationHong Kong, He Xing Hang
Collection date1974/12/25
TMPW No.586

Scientific information data base

Common name山薬, Shanyao, Dioscoreae Rhizoma (JP18, CP2020), Dioscorea Rhizome (JP18), Common Yam Rhizome (CP2020)
Synonyms淮山薬, 淮山, 懐山薬, 光山薬, 毛条山薬
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Original plant nameDioscorea japonica Thunberg1 or Dioscorea batatas Decaisne2 (= Dioscorea opposita Thunberg), (Yamanoimo1 or Nagaimo2)
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Family nameDioscoreaceae
Used partrhizome without periderm
Quality for selectionGood Shanyao is dense, white and smooth. It has no worm-eaten part. (TN)
Official compendiumJP XVIII, CP (2020 ed.)
Clinical applicationAs a tonic, antidiarrheal, for relieving thirst, Shanyao is applied for weakness of spleen and stomach, anorexia, fatigue, inflammation of the intestines, nocturnal enuresis and night sweat.
Medical systemTraditional Chinese medicine
Drug effect in
traditional medicine
Traditional
classification
Drugs for replenishing Qi (vital energy)
Beneficial effect[Property and Flavor] Neutral; sweet.
[Meridian Tropism] Spleen, lung and kidney meridians.
[Actions] To tonify spleen and stomach, engender fluid to nourish lung, tonify kidney to astringe essence.
[Indications] Cough caused by lung deficiency, seminal emission caused by kidney deficiency, vaginal discharge, frequent urination, deficiency heat and wasting-thirst.
Chemical constituentPolysaccharides
(*C1):
Glucoprotein, 澱粉/Starch, Mannan

Sterols
(*C1):
ステロ-ル/Sterols

Amino acids
(*C1, C2):
Arginine, Phenylalanine, Valine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine

Simple nitrogen containing compounds
(*C1):
Choline

Other nitrogen compounds
(*C1):
Allantoin

Pharmacological effectNot exactly known.
DNA sequenceAB017340, AB040208, AF069203, AF206903, D28327, AJ235803
Classical reference
(Chinese Herbal Classic "Zhenglei bencao")
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DiseaseAnorexia, Lack of energy, Muddy and watery stool, Full stomach, Enterocolitis, Thirst, Spermatorrhea, Frequent urination, Bed-wetting, Night sweats, Leukorrhea
FormulationKagenhachimotsuto, Keihito, Goshajinkigan, Shichikensan, Jinryobyakujutsusan, Hachimijiogan, Hokoeito, Rokumijiogan, Kogikujiogan
ReferencesJP18: The 18th edition of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia.
CP2020: Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2020 edi.
C1)The Encyclopedia of Wakan-Yaku with Color Pictures Vol. I, p 22.
C2)Outline of Pharmacognosy, a Textbook, p 333.
RemarksThe Japanese Pharmacopoeia (18th edition) defines Dioscorea japonica (Jap. name: Yamanoimo) and D. batatas (Jap. name: Nagaimo) as Shanyao. In contrast, The Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2020 edi. defines D. opposita as Shanyao. Shanyao in Henan Prov., which is called Waisanyaku or Waisan in Japan, is descended from D. opposita. Meanwhile, Shanyao in Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region is descended from D. alata L. (Jap. name: Daijo).
Japanese Shanyao is made from Nagaimo which is cultivated for food. Nagaimo has been widely cultivated for food and has many types. They are roughly divided into groups of Nagaimo, Ichōimo and Tanbaimo. There are intermediate types between Nagaimo and Yamanoimo.
Taiwanese Shanyao consists of species such as D. alata L., D. doryphora Hance, and there is also a fake product which is the tuber of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Poir of family Convolvulaceae (Jap. name: Amerikaimo).
There is a difference in the process between Japanese and Chinese Shanyao. Japanese Shanyao is barked and then dried by heat. Chinese Shanyao is dried after being compressed in order to get rid of moisture (Maotiao Shanyao), or cut into chalk-like shape (Guang Shanyao). Japanese Shanyao is said to be of high quality.
Last renewal date2022/11/22