Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market name芍薬
Formal name芍薬
Japanese nameしゃくやく, Shakuyaku
Vernacular nameShaoyao
Latin namePaeoniae Radix (JP), Paeoniae Radix Alba (CP)
English namePeony Root (JP), White Peony Root (CP)
Original plant namePaeonia lactiflora Pall., (Shakuyaku), Peony
Family namePaeoniaceae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification root
Collection information, Donative from Mr. Otozo Nagakura
TMPW No.913

Scientific information data base

Common name芍薬, Shaoyao, Paeoniae Radix (JP18), Paeoniae Radix Alba (CP2020), Peony Root (JP18), White Peony Root (CP2020)
Synonyms白芍, 生干芍薬, 真芍薬, 皮付き芍薬, 和芍
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Original plant namePaeonia lactiflora Pallas, (Shakuyaku)
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Family namePaeoniaceae
Used partroot with or without periderm
Quality for selectionGood Shaoyao is thick, long, straight, hard and easy to grind. The taste is bitter (with periderm).
Official compendiumJP XVIII, CP (2020 ed.)
Clinical applicationPainkiller and antispasmodic. White-peony acts as a reinforcement and astringent drug. Red-peony acts as a cathartic and resolving drug. The former is applied for spasm of rectus abdominis, pain of gastrointestinal convulsion and liver, algomenorrhea, convulsion of limbs and vertigo. The latter is a drug for promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis.
Medical systemTraditional Chinese medicine
Drug effect in
traditional medicine		Traditional
classification		Drugs for nourishing the blood
Beneficial effectWhite peony:
[Property and Flavor] Mild cold; bitter and sour.
[Meridian Tropism] Liver and spleen meridians.
[Actions] To nourish the blood, regulate menstruation, astringe yin, check sweating, emolliate the liver, relieve pain, pacify and repress the liver yang.
[Indications] Blood deficiency, sallow complexion, menstrual irregularities, spontaneous sweating, night sweating, hypochondriac pain, abdominal pain, spasm and pain of limbs, headache and dizziness.
Chemical constituentMonoterpenoids
P. lactiflora var. trichocarpa (*C1):
Paeoniflorin, Albiflorin, Oxypaeoniflorin, Paeoniflorigenone, Paeonilactones
P. lactiflora var. trichocarpa 代謝物 [metabolites] (*C2, C3):
Paeonilactone-A, Paeonilactone-B, Paeonilactone-C
P. albiflora (*C7-C16):
Paeoniflorin, Oxypaeoniflorin, Benzoylpaeoniflorin, Desbenzoylpaeoniflorin, Albiflorin, Paeoniflorigenone, 6-O-Acetylpaeoniflorigenone
以下代謝物 [the following compounds are metabolites]: 7S-Paeonimetaboline I, 7R-Paeonimetaboline I, 6-O-Acetylpaeonimetaboline I, Paeonimetaboline II, Paeonimetaboline III, Paeonilactone-A(Metabolite-A1), Paeonilactone-B(Metabolite-A2), Metabolite A1-acetate, 7S-Paeonimetaboline-6-O-3,5-dinitrophenyl carbamate, 7R-Paeonimetaboline-6-O-3,5-dinitrophenyl carbamate, 7S-8-(2-Carboxyethylthio)paeonimetabolin I, 7R-8-(2-Carboxyethylthio)paeonimetabolin I, 7S-8-(2-Hydroxyethylthio)paeonimetabolin I, 7R-8-(2-Hydroxyethylthio)paeonimetabolin I, 7S-8-Benzoylthiopaeonimetabolin I, 7R-8-Benzoylthiopaeonimetabolin I, 7R-8-(Carboxymethylthio)paeonimetabolin I, 7S-8-(Carboxymethylthio)paeonimetabolin I, 7R-8-(2'-Carboxyethylthio)paeonimetabolin I, 7S-8-(2'-Carboxyethylthio)paeonimetabolin I, 7R-8-(5'-Carboxyethylthio)paeonimetabolin I, 7S-8-(5'-Carboxyethylthio)paeonimetabolin I, Pentaacetylpaeoniflorin, Tetraacetylpaeoniflorin, Albimetaboline I, Albimetaboline II
P. albiflora 代謝物 [metabolites] (*C17-C19):
7S-Paeonimetaboline I, 7R-Paeonimetaboline I, Paeonimetaboline II, Paronimetaboline III

Triterpenoids
P. albiflora (*C4,C5,C6):
Palbinone

Tannins
P. lactiflora var. trichocarpa (*C1):
Tetragalloylglucose, Pentagalloylglucose, Hexagalloylglucose
P. albiflora (*C7):
Gallotannins
(*C20):
Tetra～Undecagalloylglucose, d-Catechin, Procyanidin B-1

Other aromatic compounds
P. lactiflora var. trichocarpa (*C1):
安息香酸 [benzoic acid]

Chemical structure




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Pharmacological effectAntiinflammatory, antihypertensive, sedative (paeoniflorin). Inhibition of stress ulcer. Antispasmodic, improvement of experimental spatial cognitive impairment (water extract, paeoniflorin). Central antispasmodic effect (paeoniflorin, paeonimetabolin I). Antibacterial (Staphylococcus aureus and all).
DNA sequenceL24410, AF033597, U27682; Traditioal Medical & Parmaceutical Database.
Classical reference
(Chinese Herbal Classic "Zhenglei bencao")		※Click this image to see the actual image
DiseaseVertigo, Bleary eyes, Irregular menstruation, Night sweats, Pain due to flatulence of hypochondrium, Restlessness, Depression, Tenesmus, Diarrhea, Abdominal pain,
FormulationAnzanto, Ishoho, Ifuto, Ireito, Uzuto, Uzukeishito, Ureitsukito, Unkeito, Unseiin, Ogikeishigomotsuto, Ogikenchuto, Ogishakuyakukeishikushuto, Ogibekkoto, Ogonto, Ogonkahangeshokyoto, Oren'akyoto, Orengedokuto, Kairosan, Kagenhachimotsuto, Kagenryokakusan, Katsuketsusan'oto, Kakkonto, Kakkonkahangeto, Kakkonkokato, Kakkontokashin'isenkyuto, Kamisaikakujioto, Kamishoyosan, Karokeishito, Kangento, Kanzuihangeto, Kigikenchuto, Kikyogedokuto, Kibanto, Kyukichoketsuin, Kyukihochuto, Keigairengyoto, Keigairengyoto, Keishito, Keishikaogito, Keishikakakkonto, Keishikakeito, Keishikakobokukyoninto, Keishikashakuyakuto, Keishikashakuyakushokyoninjinto, Keishikashakuyakudaioto, Keishikajutsubuto, Keishikadaioto, Keishikabushito, Keishikaryukotsuboreto, Keishikaryojutsubuto, Keishikyokeikeikabukuryobyakujutsuto, Keishishakuyakuchimoto, Keishitoninto, Keishinieppiichito, Keishinieppiittokaryojutsubu, Keishinimaoichito, Keishibukuryogan, Keishibukuryoganryo, Keishimaokakuhanto, Gohekiin, Kowashakuyakuto, Goshakusan, Gorinsan, Saikakujioto, Saikatsugekito, Saikokeishito, Saikoshimotsuto, Saikoseikansan, Saikosokanto, Saikobekkoto, Saikoyoeito, Saishakurikkunshito, Jiinkokato, Jiinshihoto, Shiinsen, Shigyakuto, Shikonboreito, Shijunseiryoin, Jijintsujito, Jijinmeimokuto (Jinkimeimouto), Shisowakiin, Shichimotsukokato, Shimotsuto, Shimotsutokakibansetsuketsumei, Shimotsutokakkekagen, Shaito, Shakukan'oshinbuto, Shakuyakuto, Shakuyakutokadaio, Shakuyakukanzoto, Shakuyakukanzobushito, Shakuyakukanzobushidaioto, Shakuyakushimotsugekito, Shadojindaioto, Juzentaihoto, Jumizasan, Jurokumiryukiin, Shokenchuto, Shoseiryuto, Shoseiryukasekkoto, Shozokumeito, Shomakakkonto, Shoyosan, Shoyosankato, Jokinritsuansan, Jin'en'ippo, Jinkimeimokuto, Shimbuto, Seishitsuto, Seisoyoeito, Seinetsuhokito, Seinetsuhoketsuto, Sesshoin, Senkanmeimokuto, Sokeikakketsuto, Daisaikoto, Daitokato, Daibofuto, Jishusabiho, Chukenchuto, Choyotokashakuyaku, Choreitogoshimotsuto, Tokiinshi, Tokikenchuto, Tokisan, Tokishigyakuto, Tokishigyakukagoshuyushokyoto, Tokishakuyakusanmatsu, Tokishakuyakusanryo, Tokishusan, Tokito, Tokiyoketsuto, Tojinto, Dokkatsukakkonto, Dokkatsukiseito, Naisoorento, Nisento, Ninjinsan, Ninjin-yoei-to, Hainosankyuto, Hachimishoyosan, Hachimotsuto, Hacchinto, Byakugokokinto, Binrojunkito, Bukuryhoshinto, Bushito, Fuhishomyakusankabyakukyu, Bunshinkiin, Hointo, Bofutsushosan, Botanpisan, Hontonto, Hontonto, Hontonto, Honposhakuyakuto, Yokuininto, Yokuininto, Ryutan-shakan-to, Renjuin
Related drugs"Chishao", "Shanshaoyao"
ReferencesJP18: The 18th edition of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia.
CP2020: Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2020 edi.
C1)The Encyclopedia of Wakan-Yaku with Color Pictures Vol. I, pp 102-104.
C2)Tetrahedron Lett.,26,3699(1985).
C3)Chem.Pharm.Bull.,37,843(1989).
C4)Tetrahedron Lett.,33,255(1992).
C5)Chem.Pharm.Bull.,41,487(1993).
C6)Phyto.Res.,9,379(1995).
C7)Chem.Pharm.Bull.,33,3838(1985).
C8)J.Med.Pharm.Soc.Wakan-Yaku,2,398(1985).
C9)Chem.Pharm.Bull.,35,3726(1987).
10)J.Med.Pharm.Soc.Wakan-Yaku,4,82(1987).
C11)J.Pharmacobio-Dyn.,10,s-58(1987).
C12)Chem.Pharm.Bull.,36,3043(1988).
C13)J.Trad.Med.,13,73(1996).
C14)J.Trad.Med.,14,15(1997).
C15)Biol.Pharm.Bull.,20,517(1997).
C16)J.Trad.Med.,14,105(1997).
C17)J.Trad.Med.,13,248(1996).
C18)J.Pharm.Pharmacol.,49,35(1997).
C19)Nat.Med.,52,265(1998).
C20)Outline of Pharmacognosy, a Textbook, p 297.
Remarks[Origin] The name "Shaoyao" is not used in China, but white-peony and red-peony are used distinctively. The Pharmacopoeia of The People's Republic of China defines red-peony as the roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. or P. veitchii Lynch., and white-peony as the boiled roots of P. lactiflora after removal of the skin or as the boiled unbarked roots. In Japan, generally, white-peony and red-peony are not used distinctively, but divided into 3 categories according to the following processes : Shin-shakuyaku (the skin of roots is removed, boiled and dried like Chinese white-peony). "Kiboshi-shakuyaku" (after being washed in water, the skin is removed and it is dried). "Kawatsuki-shakuyaku" (washed and dried like Chinese red-peony). The Japanese Pharmacopoeia (1st appendix of 14th edition), adapts the theory which consolidates P. lactiflora Pall. var. trichocarpa Stern (= P. albiflora Pall) into the mother species, and defines it as the roots of P. lactiflora. Chinese red-peony can not adapt to Japanese officinal. In Japan, P. lactiflora has been cultivated as Japanese peony in Nara, Hokkaido and Tottori prefectures. Though European peony of garden plant is also used now, the quality is low.
[Component and Pharmacology] Metabolism by human entric bacteria (*C7-C19). Paeoniflorine is metabolized by 7-R-paeonimetabolineⅠor 7-s-paeonimetabolineⅠ, which have central antispasmodic behavior. Therefore, they seem to be the real medical properteis.
Last renewal date2021/09/27
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