Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market nameDarunaj Aqrabi
Urudu nameDarunaj-aqrabi
Arabic name /
Persian name		Darunaj-aqrabi / Darunaj-aqrabi, Darunak, Daruna
English nameLeopard's Bane
Original plant nameDoronicum hookeri Hook. f.
Family nameCompositae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification root
Production area informationIslamic Republic of Pakistan
Collection informationIslamic Republic of Pakistan, Karachi [Karachi], Sind, Joria Bazar, Karachi
Collection date2006/6/20
CollectorOthers
RemarksFor cardiac tonic, paralysis, depression
TMPW No.25720

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
Production area information
Islamic Republic of Pakistan
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25.0700428
67.2847875
Collection information
Islamic Republic of Pakistan,Karachi [Karachi], Sind
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Scientific information data base

Crude drug nameUrudu name,
English name		Darunaj-aqrabi, Leopard's Bane
Arabic name / Persian nameDarunaj-aqrabi / Darunaj-aqrabi, Darunak, Daruna
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Original plant nameDoronicum hookeri Hook. f.
Family nameCompositae
Used partRoot
Distribution areaA robust herb, 1-2 ft. high, found in Sikkim Himalayas at Lachen and Tungu between 12,000-14,000 ft. (India).
DescriptionThe inner surface of the root pieces is white, while the outer surface is hard and ash coloured. According to Hakeem Kabiruddin the plant yielding the drug is found in Syria and Tabrastan. The taste is slightly bitter and odour - fragrant.
Function and propertiesHeart, Chest and C.N.S., Stomach and liver.

Cardiac tonic (invigorative and exhilarant), tonic to stomach and liver, calorific, carminative, resolvent for phlegm and black bile, nervine tonic, antidotary and protective of foetus.
Specific actionsCardiac and digestive tonic.
Frequency in useRare.
Common usesHeart: Darunaj is included in specific drugs for heart, it is much valuable for palpitation (of cold and phlegmatic origin). It strengthens the heart (Avicenna).

Chest and C.N.S.: Resolvent of phlegm and black bile, being good sedative, effective against paralysis, palsy, melancholia and nervous exhaustion or depression.

Stomach and liver: It removes gases from the stomach and uterus. Useful against flatulence, impaired digestion, flatulent dyspepsia and pain of the womb.
Side effectIt produces headache. If plastered with fig, or taken orally, it proves to be useful in all kinds of poisons, scorpion and tarantula bites.
Medical systemUnani
Traditional conceptTemperamentIt is hot and dry in the third degree.
Drug effectIt is tonic to heart and stomach. It also produces headache.
Dosage1 to 3 gm. (approximately).
SubstituteZaranbad (Curcuma zedoaria Rosc.), zedoary and Mundi (Sphaeranthus indicus Linn.).
Related drugsOther species such as Doronicum roylei DC., D. falconeri Hook. f. and D. paradalianches Linn. can be used in place of Doronicum hookeri.
- D. roylei is found in W. Himalayas from Kashmir to Garhwal, upto 10,000ft. in India.
- D. falconeri is also found in North-West Himalayas, Kashmir 13,000ft., Karakoram Range, 14,000ft. Also in Western Tibet.
These two species are common in distribution in Himalayan region.
- D. paradalianches is of Europe.
Corrigent (corrective)Badiyan (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), fennel.
Important compound preparationsHabb i-Jawahar, Dawa al-Misk Har Jawahardar, Arq Ambar, Ma`jun Hamal Ambari Alvi Khani, Ma`jun Nisyan and Muffareh Azam.
ReferencesReference book　

Tips！

Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, 1956. Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L. and Chopra, I.C., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi. - New Edition (1996) National Institute Science Communication; Supplement
p 101.

Indian Medicinal Plants (Second Edition), Vols. 1-5, 1993. Kirtikar, K.R. and Basu. B.D., Periodical Experts Book Agency, Delhi
Vol. 2, p 1404.

The Flora of British India - Vols. 1-7, 1872-1897. Hooker, J.D., L. Reeve & Co, Ltd, London
Vol. 3, pp 332-333.

Avicenna's Tract on Cardiac Drugs and Essays on Arab Cardiotherapy, 1983. Hameed, H. A. Hamdard Foundation Press, Karachi.
p 73.

Makhzanul-Mufradat (Khawasul Adviyah), Hakeem Kabiruddin, Daftar Al-Masih, Qarol Bagh, Delhi.
pp 282-283.

Al-Qanun Fil-Tibb. Avicenna. (English translation of the critical Arabic text), Book 2, 1998. Hameed, H. A. (editor), Dept. of Islamic Studies, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi.
p 210.

Al-Jamili Mufradt Al Adwiya Wal Aghziya (1197-1248 A.D.). Ibn al-Baytar. Vols. 1-3, 1985-1999. Central council for Research in Unani Medicine, Janakpuri, New Delhi.
Vol. 2, pp 186-187.

Hamdard Pharmcopoeia of Eastern medicine, 1969. Said, H. M. (editor), The Times Press, Sadar Karachi.
pp 99, 129, 198-199, 268, 290, 292.

Indusyunic Medicine, 1997. Usmanghani, K., Saeed, A. and Alam, M. T. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi.
pp 211-212.

Unani Adwiyah Mufradah, 1984. Ali, Saifuddin, A. (3rd edi.). Taraqi-e-Urdu Bureau, R. K. Puram, New Delhi.
p 157.

RemarksAvicenna (Ibn Sina) and Ibn al-Baytar, Kabiruddin and Saifuddin have described this drug. The drug has beneficial attributes and the root is generally used in various compound formations.
Avicenna (Ibn Sina) has included this among sixty-three drugs which are mentioned by him for cardiac ailments.

The root is very beneficial as it is having antidotal characteristics and protective (corrective) attributes, is generally used in compound formulations having tonic effects for the body. The important compound preparations are given above. Arq Ambar is used as cardiac tonic, tonic cephalic, liver tonic antihypnotic and aphrodisiac.
There are various sources of this root in India as mentioned under similar crude drugs. Therefore, there are chances of adulteration of the drug by the two commonly found species of Doronicum in India. The roots of all the species are known by the name of Darunaj aqrabi.
Last renewal date2024/02/26
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