Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market nameNakchhikni
Formal nameKsavaka
Other names　　　

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Nakchikni (T), Mechitta (B), Nagdowana, Nakhchikni (H)
English nameSneezweed, Sneezewort
Original plant nameCentipeda minima Lour. (= Centipeda orbicularis Lour.), Sneezweed; Sneezewort
Family nameCompositae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification whole plant
Collection informationIndia, New Delhi, Hans Raj & Sons
Collection date1991/05/07
CollectorTsuneo Namba, et al.
TMPW No.12071

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
Production area information
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28.6139391
77.20902120000005
Collection information
India,New Delhi
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Scientific information data base

Crude drug nameAyurvedic name or
Sanskrit name, English name		Ksavaka, Sneezweed, Sneezewort
SynonymsChikkani, Tiksna, Ghranadukhada, Chikkika, Nasasamvedana, Ksuraka, Krura, Udvejana, Ksudhatijanana, Rajaksavaka, Ksudvibidhana
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Original plant nameCentipeda minima Lour. (= Centipeda orbicularis Lour.)
Family nameCompositae
Used partWhole Plant
Distribution areaThroughout India in moist places.
RemarksCommon.
Common usesLeaves have bitter, pungent, hot, sharp, dry, acrid, expectorant, emetic and carminative anthelmintic, antiseptic properties. It is used in leucoderma, diseases of the blood and the skin, hysteria, epilepsy and hydrocele. Powdered leaves and seeds induce sneezing and a snuff made from them is used for colds in the head. Herb is boiled and made into a thick paste and applied to cheeks to cure toothache.
Infusion of the plant is useful in ophthalmia.

Seeds are used as vermifuge. They are used in Unani system of medicine for the treatment of lumbago, paralysis, joint pains, leucoderma and scabies. In south-east Asia, the herb is used for the treatment of rhinitis, sinusitis, naso-pharyngeal tumour/tumor, asthma and cold.
Therapeutic usesKustha (skin diseases), Krmi (worms)
Chemical constituentLipids
6-Hydroxy-8-hexacosen-3-one (*C2), Tetratriacontanyl nonadecanoate (*C8)

Sesquiterpenoids
6-O-Methylacrylylplenolin (*C5), 6-O-Isobutyroylplenolin (*C5, *C6), 6-O-Angeloylplenolin (*C5, *C9), Senecioylphenolin (*C6, *C9), Microhelenin (*C9), Arnicolide B (*C9)

Triterpenoids
3alpha,21beta,22alpha,28-Tetrahydroxyolean-12-ene (*C2), 3alpha,16alpha,21beta,22alpha,28-Pentahydroxyolean-12-ene (*C2), 1beta,2alpha,3beta,19alpha-Tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oate (*C3), 1beta,2beta,3beta,19alpha-Tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oate (*C3),

Triterpenoid saponins
3alpha,16alpha,21beta,22alpha,-Tetrahydroxy -olean-12-ene-28-beta-D-xylopyranoside (*C2), 1beta,2alpha,3beta,19alpha-Tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oate-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (*C4), 1beta,2beta,3beta,19alpha-Tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oate-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (*C4), 1alpha,3beta,19alpha,23-Tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid-28-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (*C7), 1beta,2alpha,3beta,19alpha,23-Pentahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid-28-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (*C7), 3alpha,21alpha,22alpha,28-Tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (*C7), 3alpha,16alpha,21alpha,22alpha,28-Pentahydroxyolean-12-en-28-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (*C7), 3alpha,21beta,22alpha,28-Tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (*C8), 3beta,16alpha,21beta,22alpha,28-Pentahydroxyolean-12-en-28-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (*C8), 2alpha,3beta,19alpha,23-Tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid-28-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (*C8),

Sterols
Sitosterol (*C8)

Phenol derivatives
2-Isopropyl-5-methyl-p-hydroquinone-4-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (*C1, *C8), Benzene, 1,3-dimethoxy-5-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-, (E)- (*C2), 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethoxy stilbene (*C8)

Other nitrogen containing compounds
Aurantiamide acetate (*C6)

Pharmacological effectEther, methanol and aqueous extracts of the herb exhibited anti-allergic activity in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis tests with oral administration at a dose of 50 mg/kg.
Medical systemAyurveda (Traditional Indian medicine)
Traditional conceptRasa (Taste)Katu (Pungent)
Virya (Potency)Usna (Hot)
Guna (Quality)Tiksna (Sharp), Laghu (Light)
Vipaka
(Post digestive taste)		Katu (Pungent)
Karma
(General action)		Vahnikrt (increasing digestive fire)
Dosakarma
(Action on dosa)		Decreases Kapha Vata
Dhatukarma(Action
on body tissues)		Asrk (blood)
Avayava
(Action on organ)		Drk (eye)
Related drugsWattakaka volubilis (Same name: Nakchikni) constitutes another Ayurvedic drug.
CommentsThis is included in Sirovirecanopaga gana of Caraka and Mustadi gana of Susruta. The synonyms indicate its sharp smell.
ReferencesReference book　

Tips！

Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, 1956. Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L. and Chopra, I.C., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi. - New Edition (1996) National Institute Science Communication; Supplement
p 58.

Indian Medicinal Plants (Second Edition), Vols. 1-5, 1993. Kirtikar, K.R. and Basu. B.D., Periodical Experts Book Agency, Delhi
Vol. 2, p 1388.

Indian Materia Medica, Vols. 1-2, 1976 (Repr. 1989). Nadkarni, A.K., Popular Prakashan Pvt. Ltd., Bombay
p 299.

Plants in Ayurveda (A Compendium of Botanical and Sanskrit Names), 1997. Abdul Kareem, M., Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore
372.

Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi
Vol. 2, pp 102-103.

Research paper*C1 Sanghi, R., Srivastava, P. and Singh, J.; Indian J. Chem., Sect. B: 40, 857-59 (2001).
*C2 Gupta, D.　and Sigh, J.; Indian J. Chem., Sect. B: 29, 34-39 (1990).
*C3 Rai, N., Siddiqui, I. R. and Singh, J.; Pharm. Biol., 37, 314-17 (1999).
*C4 Rai, N. and Singh, J.; Indian J. Chem. Sect., B: 40,　320-23 (2001).
*C5 Taylor, R. S. L. and Towers, G. H. N.; Phytochemistry, 47, 631-34 (1997).
*C6 Wu, J. B., Chun, Y. T., Ebizuka, Y. and Sankawa, U.; Chem. Pharm. Bull., 39, 3272-75 (1991).
*C7 Gupta, D. and Sigh, J.; Phytochemistry, 28, 1197-201 (1989).
*C8 Gupta, D. and Sigh, J.; Phytochemistry, 29, 1945-50 (1990).
*C9 Iwakami, S., Wu, J. B., Ebizuka, Y. and Sankawa, U.; Chem. Pharm. Bull., 40, 1196-98 (1992).
Last renewal date2023/12/25
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