Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market nameShahatra
Formal nameParpataka
Other names　　　

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Shahtara, Pitpara (T), Ban-salpha (B), Pitpara, Shahterah (H), Parpatakam (M), Chatharasi (Te), Thura (Ta)
Original plant nameFumaria indica (Hassk.) Pugsley (= Fumaria parviflora Lamk. subsp. vaillantii Hook. f.)
Family nameFumariaceae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification whole plant
Collection informationIndia, New Delhi, Hans Raj & Sons
Collection date1991/05/07
CollectorTsuneo Namba, et al.
TMPW No.12417

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
Production area information
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28.6139391
77.20902120000005
Collection information
India,New Delhi
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Scientific information data base

Crude drug nameAyurvedic name or
Sanskrit name, English name		Parpataka
SynonymsVaratikta, Pamsuparyayaka, Kavacanamaka
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Original plant nameFumaria indica (Hassk.) Pugsley (= Fumaria parviflora Lamk. subsp. vaillantii Hook. f.)
Family nameFumariaceae
Used partWhole plant
Distribution areaThrought India, a weed along roadsides.
RemarksAbundant.
Common usesPlant is bitter, acrid, astringent, laxative, diuretic and alterative. It is useful in dyspepsia and scrofulous skin affections. A decoction of the herb is used for blood purification and in skin diseases, especially psoriasis.
Therapeutic usesBhrama (mental instability), Trsna (thirst), Jvara (fever), Daha (burning), Aruci (lack of appetite), Chardi (vomiting), Raktapitta (bleeding disorders), Prameha (diabetic types)
Chemical constituentAlkaloids
Paprafumine (*C1), Paprarine (*C1), Papraline (*C1), Cryptopine (*C1), Paprazine (*C2), Feruloyl tryramine (*C2), Fumariflorine (*C2), N-Methyl corydaldine (*C2), Narcemicine (*C3), Narlumicine (*C4), Protopine (*C4, *C12), DL-tetrahydrocoptisine (*C4, *C12), Narlumidine (*C4, *C12), Protopine nitrate (*C4, *C12)

Isoquinoline alkaloids
8-Oxocoptisine (*C1), Raddeanine (*C1), Lastourvilline (*C2), Papracinine (*C2), Fumaritine N-oxide (*C2), Parfumine (*C2), Coptisine chloride (*C5), Dehydrocheilanthifoline (*C5), Fumariline (*C6), 8-Methoxydihydrosanguinarine (*C6), Oxysanguinarine (*C6), Fumarizine (*C7), Papraine (*C8), Pseudoprotopine (*C9), Stylopin glucoside (*C9), Berberine iodide (*C10)

Pharmacological effectThe alkaloidal principle causes a fall in blood pressure in experimental animals. Protopine showed smooth muscle relaxant activity and hydrochloretic activity in experimental animals.
Medical systemAyurveda (Traditional Indian medicine)
Traditional conceptRasa (Taste)Tikta (Bitter)
Virya (Potency)Sita (Cold)
Guna (Quality)Laghu (Light)
Vipaka
(Post digestive taste)		Katu (Pungent)
Dosakarma
(Action on dosa)		Decreases Pitta Kapha, increases Vata
Dhatukarma(Action
on body tissues)		Asra (blood)
Mala
(Action on excretory mechanism)		Samgrahi (constipative)
Traditional usage1. Parpata (Fumaria indica) alone or combined with Guduci (Tinospora cordifolia) and Amalaka (Phyllanthus emblica) alleviates fever caused by Pitta.

2. Parpata with Sunthi (dry ginger) is recommended for alleviation of all types of fever.

3. Cooled decoction of Parpata mixed with honey checks vomiting.
FormulationParpatadi kvatha, Parpatadyarista
CommentsThis is included in Trsnanigrahana gana of Caraka. Leaves are constipative, cold, Vata increasing, bitter, pacifying blood disorders, fever, thirst, Kapha, mental instability.

This is one of the candidates for Parpataka. Hedyotis corymbosa in Kerala, Mollugo sp. in Tamilnadu are used as Parpataka. Rungia repens, Mollugo oppositifolia, M. cerviana, M. nudicolis, M. pentaphylla, Polycarpae corymbosa are few other candidates used in different parts of India.
ReferencesReference book　

Tips！

Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, 1956. Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L. and Chopra, I.C., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi. - New Edition (1996) National Institute Science Communication; Supplement
p 122.

Ayurvedic Drugs and Their Plant Sources, 1994. Sivarajan, V.V. and Balachandran, I., Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
p 356.

Plants in Ayurveda (A Compendium of Botanical and Sanskrit Names), 1997. Abdul Kareem, M., Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore
778.

Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi
Vol. 2, pp 320-322.

Classical uses of Medicinal Plants, 1996. Sharma, P.V., Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi
p 231.

Research paper*C1 Utta-Ur-Rahman, Ahmad, S., Bhatti, M. K. and Choudhary, M. I.; Phytochemistry, 40, 593-96 (1995).
*C2 Utta-Ur-Rahman, Bhatti, M. K., Akhtar, F. and Choudhary, M. I.; Phytochemistry, 31, 2869-72 (1992).
*C3 Tripathi, Y. C., Pandey, V. B., Pathak, N. K. R. and Biswas, M.; Phytochemistry, 27, 1918-19 (1988).
*C4 Tripathi, Y. C. and Pandey, V. B.; Phytochemistry, 31, 2188-89 (1992).
*C5 Pandey, V. B., Ray, A. B. and Dasgupta, B.; Phytochemistry, 15, 545-46 (1976).
*C6 Pandey, V. B., Ray, A. B. and Dasgupta, B.; Phytochemistry, 18, 695-96 (1979).
*C7 Atta-Ur-Rahman, Ali, S. S., Qureshi, M. M., Hassan, S. and Bhatti, K.; Fitoterapia, 60, 552-52 (1989).
*C8 Atta-Ur-Rahman, Bhatti, M. K., Ahmad, H., Habib-Ur-Rehman and Rycroft, D. S.; Heterocycles, 29, 1091-95 (1989).
*C9 Khan, S. A. and Sharma, V. K.; J. Indian Chem. Soc., 74, 62-63 (1997).
*C10 Sarma, B. K., Pandey, V. B., Misra, G. D. and Singh, U. P.; Folia Microbiol., 44, 164-66 (1999).
*C11 Rao. K. S. and Misra, S. H.; J. Ethnopharmacol., 60, 207-13 (1998).
*C12 Singh, R. A., Singh, U. P., Tripathi, V. K., Roy, R., Pandey, V. B.; Orient. J. Chem., 13, 177-80 (1997).
RemarksThe drug, which is sold in the Indian market in the name of Shahtara or Pitpara and used in the stomach derangements, liver complaints and skin affections, is Fumitory imported from Persia. It consists of the materials of F. officinalis L., the common Fumitory of Europe. Dried aerial parts of F. vaillantii are used in north India.
Last renewal date2023/12/18
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