Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market nameRukattana
Formal nameSaptaparna
Other names　　　

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Rukkattana (Sin), Chattim (B), Chaattiyan (H), Haale (K), Ezhilampaala (M), Phalagaruda (Te), Paalai, Ezhilappalai (Ta)
English nameDevil Tree
Original plant nameAlstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br., Devil Tree
Family nameApocynaceae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification bark
Collection informationDemocratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Ayurveda Cooperation
Collection date1983/02/
TMPW No.1631

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
Production area information
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6.9270786
79.86124300000006
Collection information
Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka,Colombo
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Scientific information data base

Crude drug nameAyurvedic name or
Sanskrit name, English name		Saptaparna, Devil Tree
SynonymsSaptacchada, Gucchapuspa, Satapuspa, Brhacchavi, Saptapatra, Saptahva, Saptasamjnaka, Sriparna, Snigdhaparna, Svarnaksiri, Suvarnaka, Brhattvak, Visalatvak, Sarada, Visamacchada, Patravarna, Suktiparna, Suparnaka, Yugmaparna, Municchada, Bahuparna, Salmalipatraka, Madagandha, Gandhiparna, Vankibhumita.
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Original plant nameAlstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br.
Family nameApocynaceae
Used partBark
Distribution areaGrows in the drier parts of India, Burma, Ceylon, Malaya, Java, Philippine islands, New guinea and West tropical Africa.
Common usesBark is astringent, digestive, laxative, anthelmintic, febrifuge, antipyretic, depurative, galactogogue, cardio tonic and tonic. It is useful in the treatment of fevers, abdominal disorders, diarrhoea/diarrhea, dysentery, dyspepsia, leprosy, skin diseases, chronic and foul ulcers, asthma, bronchitis, cardiopathy, helminthiasis.
Bruised and boiled in oil with cotton seed, bark is applied to the ear for deafness. Fresh bark juice with milk is stated to be administered in leprosy and dyspepsia.
Therapeutic usesAgnimandya (reduced digestive fire), Svasa (asthmatic conditions), Vrana (ulcers), Jvara (fever), Jantu (worm infestation), Gulma (phantom tumour/tumor), Sula (colic).
Chemical constituentMonoterpenoids
Linalool (*C1), cis-Linalool oxide (*C1), trans-Linalool oxide (*C1), -Terpineol (*C1), Terpinen-4-ol (*C1),2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-55-dimethyl-4-(3-oxobutyl) (*C4)

Triterpenoids
Betulin (*C10), Betulinic acid (*C10), alpha-Amyrin acetate(*C10), 3-Acetoxyoxaandrane (*C14)

Sterols
4alpha,14alpha,24-Trimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-cholest-24(29)-en-3beta-ol (*C10), Stigmasterol (*C10)

Flavones & Flavonols
Isorhamnetin (*C12), Kaempferol (*C12), Isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside (*C12) Isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (*C12), Kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (*C12), Kaempferol 3-O(2-galactopyranosyl-rhamnosylrutinoside) (*C12)

Phenol derivatives
2-Phenylethyl acetate (*C1), 2-Geranyl-2',3,4,4'-tetrahydroxydihydrochalcone (*C11)

Indole alkaloids
19,20-Z-vallesamine (*C2), 19,20-E-vallesamine (*C2), 19,20-Dihydrocondylocarpine (*C3), Razimanine (*C5), Alstonamine (*C5), Alschomine (*C6), Isoalschomine (*C6), Alstonamic acid (*C7), Picrarinal (*C7), Lagunamine (*C8), Angustilobine B acid (*C8), Losbanine (*C8), Tubotaiwine (*C8, *C13 ), Tubotaiwine oxide (*C8), 6,7-seco-Angustilobine B (*C8), 19-Epischolaricine (*C9), Nb-Methylscholaricine (*C9), Na-Methylscholaricine (*C9), Vallesamine Nb-oxide (*C9), Picrinine (*C9, *C14), Nareline (*C9), Alschomine (*C9), Picraline (*C9), Nallesamine (*C9), 6,7-seco-19,20-epoxy-Angustilobine B (*C9),　Akuammidine (*C9), Leuconolam (*C9), shi-Akuammigine (*C9), shi-Akuammigine Nb-oxide (*C9), Scholaricine (*C13, *C15),
Nareline methyl ether (*C15), Nareline ethyl ether (*C15), 5-epi-Nareline ethyl ether (*C15), Scholaricine N(4)-oxide ( *C15)

Pharmacological effectBark is reported to inhibit the multiplication of the potato virus X to the extent of 60-80%. Echitamine is found to be toxic to mice in doses of 0.3-0.5mg/ 20g. Body weight. In experimental animals, it induced and initial fall in blood pressure, which is unaffected by atropinization, and is followed by a rice. The mixed sulphates of the alkaloids from the bark are intestinal and uterine stimulants but intermittent relaxant action has also been recorded. Generally, the Alstonia alkaloids, when intravenously injected (3-5mg/ kg), cause a sharp fall in blood pressure in the experimental animals but with very little alteration in the heart beat rate, large doses cause irregularities in rhythm, heart block and sometimes ventricular fibrillation. The ethanolic (50%) extract of the bark showed hypotensive effect, and was active against human sarcoma in the embryonated eggs. Extract of the bark also induced polyteny in resting nuclei and produced tumours in the root tips of onion after 24 hours.
Alcoholic extract of the bark was found to be active against Streptomyces aureus, S. paratyphi B and Aspergillus niger. Echitamine chloride, a potent anticancer drug isolated from the plant did not show any toxic effect on experimental rats. The dried and pulverised bark exhibited significant growth in mammary gland of immature albino mice. The ethanolic (50%) extract of the plant was found to possess antileishmanial activity in Leishmania donovani infected hasters.
Medical systemAyurveda (Traditional Indian medicine)
Traditional conceptRasa (Taste)Tikta (Bitter), Kasaya (Astringent)
Virya (Potency)Usna (Hot)
Guna (Quality)Laghu (Light), Snigdha (Unctuous)
Vipaka
(Post digestive taste)		Katu (Pungent)
Karma
(General action)		Vranasodhana (cleans ulcers), Diptikara (increases digestive fire), Hrdya (good for heart), Sara (laxative), Krmighna (anthelmintic).
Dosakarma
(Action on dosa)		Decreases all three dosas
Avayava
(Action on organ)		Hrdya (good for heart)
Traditional usage1. Juice of the flowers of Sirisa (Albizia lebbeck) or Saptaparna (Alstonia scholaris) mixed with Pippali (Piper longum) and honey is useful in asthma caused by Kapha and Pitta.

2. For "Jantu" (worm infestation) decoction of Saptaparna is useful remedy.

3. Saptaparna is useful as bath, intake, paste, rubbing, dusting and processing of oil and ghee is efficacious in"Kustha" (skin diseases).

4. Decoction of and Saptaparna bark mixed with Sunthi should be given for purification of breast milk.

5. Filling of dental caries with latex of Saptaparna and Arka removes organisms and pain.

6. In poisoning of tooth brush, bark of Saptaparna mixed with honey should be applied.

7. Saptaparna is one of the ingredients in "Triphaladya ghrta" (a formulation) used in fever.
FormulationSaptaparnadi taila, Saptacchadadi kvatha, Saptaparnasatvadi vati.
CommentsSaptaparna is included in Tiktaskandha, Kasayaskandha, Kusthaghna, Udardaprasamana and Sirovirecana gana by Caraka. Susruta includes it in Aragvadhadi, Laksadi and Adhobhagahara gana.

Saptaparna is called so because it has seven leaves. Suparnaka means the flowers are beautiful to look at. Brhattvak and visalatvak mean the bark is wide. Bahuparna means it bears many leaves. Gandhiparna means the leaves are odourous. Gucchapuspa means the flowers occur in bunches. Snigdhaparna means the leaves are soft. Sriparna means the leaves are beautiful to look at.
ReferencesReference book　

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[2] Indian Medicinal Plants - A Compendium of 500 species, Varier, P.S., Orient Longman Ltd. Chennai (Madras)
Vol. 1 (Repr.1996), pp 111-114.

Medicinal plants (Indigenous and exotic) used in Ceylon, Vols. 1-5, 1982. Jayaweera, D.M.A., The National Science Council of Sri Lanka, Colombo
Vol. 1, p 9.

Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi
Vol. 2, pp 702-704.

Classical uses of Medicinal Plants, 1996. Sharma, P.V., Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi
p 384.

Research paper*C1 Dung, N. X., Ngoc, P. H., Rang, D. D., Nhan, N. T., Klinkby, N. and Leclercq, P.; J. Essen. Oil Res., 13, 424-26 (2001).
*C2 Atta-ur-Rahman, Alvi, K. H., Abbas, S. A. and Voelter, W.; Heterocycles, 26, 413-19 (1987).
*C3 Atta-ur-Rahman, Alvi, K. A. and Muzaffar, A.; Planta Med., 4, 325-26 (1986).
*C4 Datta, S. C. and Mathur, R. K.; Indian Drugs, 24, 321 (1987),
*C5 Atta-ur-Rahman, and Alvi, K. A.; Phytochemistry, 26, 2139-42 (1987).
*C6 Abe, F., Chen, R. F., Yamauchi, T., Marubashi, N. and Ueda, I.; Chem. Pharm. Bull., 37, 887-90 (1989).
*C7 Abe, F., Chen, R. F., Yamauchi, T., Marubashi, N. and Ueda, I., Padolina, G. A. and Dayrit, F. M.; Tennen Yuki Kagobutsu Toronkai Koen Yoshishu, 31st, 570-76 (1989).
*C8 Yamauchi, T., Abe, F., Padolina, W. G., and Dayrit, F. M.; Phytochemistry, 29, 3321-25 (1990).　
*C9 Yamauchi, T., Abe, F., Chen, R.-F., Nonaka, G.-I.., Santisuk, T. and Padolina, W. G., Phytochemistry, 29, 3547-52 (1990).
*C10 Desoky, E. K., Kamel, M. S. and Bishay, D. W.; Bull. Pharm. Sci., Assiut Unive., 23, 65-71 (2000).
*C11 Shimizu, K., Kondo, R., Sakai, K., Buabarn, S. and Dilokkunanant, U.; J. Wood Sci., 46, 385-89 (2000).
*C12 Desoky, E. K.; Bull. Pharm. Sci., Assiut Unive., 22, 117-21 (1999).
*C13 Yamauchi, T. and Abe, F.; Int. Congr. ser., 1157 (Towards Natural Medicine Research in the 21st Century) 51-58 (1998).
*C14 Banik, S. K., Rashid, A. and Huq, E.; J. Bangladesh Chem. Soc., 13, 171-74 (2000).
*C15 Kam, T. -S., Nyeoh, K.-T., Sim, K.-M. and Yoganathan, K,; Phytochemistry, 45, 1303-05 (1997).
Last renewal date2024/01/12
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