Crude drug sample data base
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Crude drug name | Market name | Phal bakayan |
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Formal name | Mahanimba | |
Other names Tips! | Bakayan, Bakain, Mahanimb (H), Ghora nim (B), Turakabebu (K), Mala veppu (M), Konda vepa, Turaka vepa (Te), Malai vembu (Ta) | |
English name | Persian Lilac, Bead Tree | |
Original plant name | Melia azedarach Linn., Persian Lilac, Bead Tree | |
Family name | Meliaceae | |
Used part | Classification | Plant origin | Sub classification | fruit |
Collection information | India, New Delhi, Hans Raj & Sons | |
Collection date | 1991/05/07 | |
Collector | Tsuneo Namba, et al. | |
TMPW No. | 12290 |
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location of its administrative area is indicated.
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Production area information
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28.6139391
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Collection information
India,New Delhi
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Scientific information data base
Crude drug name | Ayurvedic name or Sanskrit name, English name | Mahanimba, Persian Lilac, Bead Tree | |||
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Synonyms | Kakanda, Nimbaraka, Dreka, Visapuspika, Samyaka, Gurunimba, Ksivasahva, Ramyaka, Visamustika, Kasamustika, Nimbaka, Karmuka, Jiva, Dreki, Nimbavara, Aksiva, Kaidarya, Picumanda, Arista, Varatvaca, Hinguniryasa, Priyasala, Parvata, Girika, Sukapalaka, Romaka, Malaka, Ksira, Sakasala, Aksipiluka | ||||
Original plant name | Melia azedarach Linn. | ||||
original plant image |
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Family name | Meliaceae | ||||
Used part | Roots, leaves, seeds, flowers | ||||
Distribution area | A moderate sized deciduous tree, 9-12m high, found growing wild in the sub-Himalayan tract upto 1800m. | ||||
Remarks | Common. | ||||
Common uses | Leaves are bitter, astringent, expectorant, vermicidal, antilithic, diuretic, emmenagogue and stomachic. They are useful in hysteria, leprosy, scrofula, splenomegaly, cardiac diseases, urolithiasis, strangury, amenorrhoea/amenorrhea, verminosis, cough, bronchitis, inflammation and scabies. Leaf juice is considered anthelmintic, antilithic, diuretic and emmenagogue; a decoction of the leaves is regarded as astringent and stomachic. Flowers are astringent, refrigerant, anodyne, stomachic, vermifuge, diuretic, emmenagogue, deobstruent and alexipharmic. They are useful in cephalalgia, gastropathy, verminosis, strangury, dysmenorrhoea/dysmenorrhea and fever. A poultice of the flowers is applied to eruptive skin diseases and for killing lice. Fruit is used in China as febrifuge and disinfectant; seeds are prescribed in rheumatism. A gum collected from the tree, which is similar to that obtained from neem and wood apple (Limonia acidissima), is considered useful in spleen enlargement. An infusion of the bark is effective against ascariasis. The activity resides in the inner bark which is bitter but not astringent; the outer bark is astringent. | ||||
Therapeutic uses | Daha (burning sensation), Kotha (eruptions), Jvara (fever), Kustha (skin diseases), Krmi (worm infestation), Chardi (vomiting), Visucika (a kind of indigestion), Musika visa (rat poisoning), Vrana (ulcers), Gulma (phantom tumour/tumor), Svasa (asthmatic conditions). | ||||
Chemical constituent | - A decoction of dry leaves (2-5%) is effective against locusts; the active principle is reported to be an alkaloid soluble in hot water. - A carotenoid, meliatin, present in aqueous suspensions of leaves acts as a repellent to grasshoppers. - An amorphous bitter principle, named bakayanin (m.p. indefinite from 85-118゜) has been isolated from the pericarp; it yields on hydrolysis a crystalline neutral substance, neo-bakayanin (m.p. 224゜) and an amorphous bitter acid, bakayanic acid (C21H34O4). - Bakayanin is bitter in dilutions of 1 in 10,000. The fruit contains an alkaloid azaridine, also called margosine, a brown resinous substance, a non-bitter acidic substance, a sterol and tannnins. It contains glucose. - The seeds yield 40% of a drying oil with an agreeable odour. The oil has the following constants:d4゜, 0.9134; nD15゜, 1.4691; sap. val., 190.8; 134.7; acid val., 4.45; and unsapon matter, 1.26%. The fatty acids of the oil are: saturated (palmitic and stearic), 11.4; and unsaturated (oleic and linoleic), 88.6%. - The unsaponifiable matter contains phytosterol and aromatic hydrocarbons.the oil is suitable for making soaps and hair oils. - The bark contains also the alkaloids azaridine and paraisine. - A crystalline lactone, designated bakalactone (C22H26O4, m.p. 215-16.5゜), a liquid with a terpenic odour (b.p. 150-60゜/0.5゜), a resinous material and tannins have been isolated froom the heartwood. - The fruits contain melianoninol, melianol, melianone, meliandiol, vanillin and vanillic acid. | ||||
Pharmacological effect | Intraperitoneal administration of partially purified extracts of fresh green reduces the spread of Tacaribe virus (that causes typical encephalitis) to kidneys, liver and brain in inoculated neonatal mice. The mortality in mice has been reported to reduce by 50% in treated mice and the surviving mice mounted a humoral immune response. Gedunin present in the plant inhibits Plasmodium falciparum. Broad spectrum anthelmintic activity of the bark against Ascaris and Hymenolapis nana has been reported. Vanillic acid alalogues show micro and macro filaricidal activity with sterilization of female worms of Litomosoides carinii in cotton rat. Melianoninol possesses antifeeding properties against the cabbage worm. The ethanolic extract of the leaves contains azadrine and meliotannic acid which show nematicidal activity against the larvae of Cephalobus litoralis. The plant is also valued for its fungicidal and antibacterial activities. From the plant - gcadinene has been isolated. A series of poisonous limonoids, meliatoxins A1, A2, B1 and B2 have been isolated form the fruits. The LD50 following oral application of the combined meliatoxins to pigs is reported to be 6.4mg/kg. Symptoms of poisoning includes severe and rapid muscular contracations, followed by collapse, spasmodic quivering and shivering, rapid heartbeat and dilated pupils. The heartbeat weakens with subnormal body temperature leading to death. The pigs develop necrotic lesions in the intestines and glandular stomach, and the lymphoid tissue of the lymph nodes, spleenic white pulp and gstro-intesitinal tract. Dry leaves (at 25% level) when fed to rats show toxicity and develop weakness and anorexia progressing to paralysis of hind limbs recumbency and death. | ||||
Medical system | Ayurveda (Traditional Indian medicine) | ||||
Traditional concept | Rasa (Taste) | Tikta (Bitter), Katu (Pungent), Kasaya (Astringent) | |||
Virya (Potency) | Usna (Hot) | ||||
Guna (Quality) | Laghu (Light), Ruksa (Dry) | ||||
Vipaka (Post digestive taste) | Katu (Pungent) | ||||
Karma (General action) | Grahi (constipative), Visaghna (removes poisoning). | ||||
Dosakarma (Action on dosa) | Decreases Kapha, Pitta | ||||
Dhatukarma(Action on body tissues) | Asrapaha (pacifies vitiated blood) | ||||
Mala (Action on excretory mechanism) | Grahi (constipative) | ||||
Traditional usage | 1. "Ramyaka ghrta" is a compound preparation used in "Vatavyadhi" (disorders of vata), contains Mahanimba (Melia azedarach). 2. Paste of Mahanimba root alleviates sciatica. 3. Intake of the juice of Mahanimba in dose of 40ml. destroys worms. 4. Pounded seeds of Mahanimba are dissolved in rice water and added with ghee. Intake of this as anupana with Mehabaddha rasa (a formulation) alleviates prameha. 5. The lump of Mahanimba fruit alleviates pitta. 6. Rock salt, Citraka (Plumbago zeylanica), Indrayava (Holarrhena pubescens), Ciravilva (Holoptelia integrifolia) and Mahanimba all mixed in buttermilk should be taken to destroy haemorrhoids/hemorrhoids. | ||||
Formulation | Ramyaka ghrta. | ||||
Related drugs | 1. Azadirachta indica A.Juss. 2. Murraya koenigii Spreng. | ||||
Comments | It has been included in Adhobhagahara and Pippalyadi gana by Susruta. | ||||
References | Reference book Tips! | [2] Indian Medicinal Plants - A Compendium of 500 species, Varier, P.S., Orient Longman Ltd. Chennai (Madras) Vol. 4 (Repr.1997), pp 10-14. Illustrated Manual of Herbal Drugs Used in Ayurveda, 1996. Sarin, Y.K., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research and Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi p 325. Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi Vol. 2, p 528. Classical uses of Medicinal Plants, 1996. Sharma, P.V., Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi p 295. | |||
Remarks | Wood is used for toys, cigars and ammunition boxes and packing and musemum cases. It is suitable for sportsware, roofing material and agricultural implements. It is useful for furniture, ornamental plywood, turnery and musical instruments. It is used also as fuelwood. The tree is lopped for fodder. The leaves of M. azedarach, unlike those of neem, are only slightly bitter; they are occasionally eaten after boiling with vegetables. Leaves are used also as green manure. Extracts of leaves, used in sprays, protect plants against grasshoppers and locusts. The leaves, bark and fruits are accredited with insect-repellent properties. Leaves are placed inside books and between folds and woollen garments to protect them against insect attack. Extracts of the plant are reported to be used in Ghana (Gold Cost) for protecting cocoa beans against infestation by Ephestia spp. Alcohol and petroleum ether extracts of the stem bark are toxic to carpet beetle larvae. A kind of whisky is reported to be made from the fruits. The stones of fruits are used as bead in necklae, rosaries, etc. | ||||
Last renewal date | 2023/12/08 |