Crude drug sample data base
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Crude drug name | Market name | Fil fil-siyah |
|---|---|---|
| Urudu name | Mirch siyah | |
| Arabic name / Persian name | Filfil aswad / Filfil siyah, Pilpil | |
| English name | Black-pepper | |
| Original plant name | Piper nigrum Linn., Black-pepper | |
| Family name | Piperaceae | |
| Used part | Classification | Plant origin | Sub classification | fruit |
| Collection information | Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Karachi [Karachi], Sind , Amjad Unani Medicine (Pvt.) Ltd. | |
| Collection date | 1994/1/22 | |
| Collector | Tsuneo Namba | |
| Identifier | Javed Ahmad | |
| Description | Features: Black variety consists of dry, semi-ripe fruits of globose shape, 3.5 to 6mm in diameter. The surface is coarse, deeply and reticulately wrinkled, having a brown or brownish black colour. The pericarp is closely adherent to the seed. Odour - strong and spicy; taste - acrid and pungent. White variety consists of mature ripe fruits with pericarp removed, upto 5mm in diameter, greyish white in colour and striated from base to apex by a number of light stripes. This variety is less aromatic and pungent than black pepper. | |
| TMPW No. | 14551 | |
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Production area information
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25.0700428
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Collection information
Islamic Republic of Pakistan,Karachi [Karachi], Sind
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Scientific information data base
| Crude drug name | Urudu name, English name | Mirch siyah, Black-pepper | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arabic name / Persian name | Filfil aswad / Filfil siyah, Pilpil | |||||
| crude drug image |
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| Original plant name | Piper nigrum Linn. | |||||
| Family name | Piperaceae | |||||
| Used part | Fruits (dried unripe) | |||||
| Distribution area | This perennial climbing shrub is indigenous to Malabar and Travancore coasts, i.e., western coast of India. It is cultivated in Western Ghats, Karnatka, Maharashtra, Assam and Kerala (India) for its fruits, which are used as spice and condiment. | |||||
| Description | The fruits of Piper nigrum is black, globose shaped fruits which are having wrinkled surface. Odour - agreeable; taste - burning. One of its kinds is white variety. Its external surface is not wrinkled. It is famous by the name Mirch Safaid (white pepper). The white pepper is weaker in warmth and moisture content. Some people opine that the black pepper, on drying, looses the potency of bitterness. The white pepper, however, retains its potency until it is fully dried. | |||||
| Function and properties | Cosmetics, Swellings, Joints, Head, Eye, Chest, Food, Excretion, Fevers. Stimulant, carminative, digestive tonic and alterative (effective against phlegmatic disorders). It contains the properties of absorption, dissolution and detergence. It is chewed with dried grape raisins to clear out viscous phlegm, relieves pain and for giving warmth to the nerves. It is suitable for healthy persons. It is appetizing. | |||||
| Specific actions | Digestive, tonic to stomach, liver; effective against phlegmatic disorders. | |||||
| Frequency in use | Common. | |||||
| Common uses | Cosmetics: When used with sodium nitrate it removes pityriasis and also makes the body slim. Swellings: When used with pitch, it dissolves scrofula. Joints. It gives intense warmth to the nerves and muscles and is matchless in this action. Head: When used with vinegar, it is beneficial for the teeth. Eye: The white pepper is incorporated in the collyrium to be used for cleansing effect in the eyes. Chest: Its linctus is suitable to be used in cough and chest pain. It is also useful for treating diphtheria like symptoms particularly when the palate of patient is rubbed with honey. It cleanses the lungs also. Food: It is digestive and an appetizer. When taken with the fresh leaves of bay-tree, it proves to be useful in gripes and flatulence. Its oral intake with vinegar or application as a paint, proves to be useful in splenitis. White pepper is very suitable for the stomach and is a good gastric tonic. Excretion: It is a diuretic drug. It helps in downward movement of the foetus. It relaxes the bowels, whether taken in small or large quantities. It desiccates and destroys the semen. However, both long pepper and white pepper, increase the sexual desire due to their excessive moisture content. Fevers: Its massage with oil is useful in shivering fevers. | |||||
| Side effect | It desiccates and destroys to the semen. The white pepper is incorporated in medicines used as antidotes. | |||||
| Medical system | Unani | |||||
| Traditional concept | Temperament | Pepper is hot and dry upto the fourth degree. | ||||
| Drug effect | Described as harmful for individuals with hot temperament and for those suffering from pharyngeal disorders. It is considered as tonic for stomach and effective against phlegmatic disorders. | |||||
| Comments | Black pepper is well known throughout the world as a culinary spice and condiment. The production of white pepper is carried out at a large scale in Indonesia. | |||||
| Dosage | 350mg. to 1.25gm. (approximately). | |||||
| Substitute | Zanjabil (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) and decorticated black pepper (which is identified as white pepper), Safaid Mirch (white pepper). | |||||
| Related drugs | White pepper (Piper nigrum Linn.). | |||||
| Corrigent (corrective) | Honey and oils. | |||||
| Important compound preparations | Jawarish Kamuni, Arq Faulad and Ma`jun Baladur. | |||||
| References | Reference book Tips！ | Indian Materia Medica, Vols. 1-2, 1976 (Repr. 1989). Nadkarni, A.K., Popular Prakashan Pvt. Ltd., Bombay Vol. 1, pp 969-972. Makhzanul-Mufradat (Khawasul Adviyah), Hakeem Kabiruddin, Daftar Al-Masih, Qarol Bagh, Delhi. pp 538-540. Dictionary of Economic Plants in India, 1996 (2nd Rep.). Singh, U; Wadhwani, A. M. and Johri B.M. Indian council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi. p 174. Al-Qanun Fil-Tibb. Avicenna. (English translation of the critical Arabic text), Book 2, 1998. Hameed, H. A. (editor), Dept. of Islamic Studies, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi. pp 350-351. Al-Jamili Mufradt Al Adwiya Wal Aghziya (1197-1248 A.D.). Ibn al-Baytar. Vols. 1-3, 1985-1999. Central council for Research in Unani Medicine, Janakpuri, New Delhi. Vol. 3, pp 377-380. Hamdard Pharmcopoeia of Eastern medicine, 1969. Said, H. M. (editor), The Times Press, Sadar Karachi. pp 89, 200, 261. Indusyunic Medicine, 1997. Usmanghani, K., Saeed, A. and Alam, M. T. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi. pp 344-345. | ||||
| Remarks | The drug is described by all Unani physicians. According to Kabiruddin the drug also contains vital elements i.e. sodium, magnesium, iron, manganese, phosphorous, sulphur, clorine, copper and iodine. There seems no controversy on this drug in Unani literature. | |||||
| Last renewal date | 2024/03/08 | |||||
