Crude drug sample data base
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Crude drug name | Market name | Zarawardmudaharaj |
|---|---|---|
| Urudu name | Zarawand madahraj | |
| Arabic name / Persian name | Zarawand / Zarawand-i-gird | |
| English name | Round aristoloceum, European Birthwort | |
| Original plant name | Aristolochia rotunda Linn., Round aristoloceum, European Birthwort | |
| Family name | Aristolochiaceae | |
| Used part | Classification | Plant origin | Sub classification | root |
| Collection information | Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Karachi [Karachi], Sind , Amjad Unani Medicine (Pvt.)Ltd. | |
| Collection date | 1994/1/22 | |
| Collector | Tsuneo Namba | |
| Identifier | Javed Ahmad | |
| TMPW No. | 14075 | |
The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative
location of its administrative area is indicated.
location of its administrative area is indicated.
Production area information
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25.0700428
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Collection information
Islamic Republic of Pakistan,Karachi [Karachi], Sind
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Scientific information data base
| Crude drug name | Urudu name, English name | Zarawand madahraj, Round aristoloceum, European Birthwort | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arabic name / Persian name | Zarawand / Zarawand-i-gird | ||||
| crude drug image |
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| Original plant name | Aristolochia rotunda Linn. | ||||
| Family name | Aristolochiaceae | ||||
| Used part | Root | ||||
| Distribution area | Indigenous in E. Europe. | ||||
| Description | The colour of its roots is yellowish externally and reddish internally. The root is round and flat upto certain extent. According to Dioscorides Indian birthwort is of various kinds: (a) long, (b) round and (c) an elongated cylindrical variety which resembles vine stalks. The round variety is also called 'female' variety. Indian birthwort has various soft branches springing out from a single and long root. The long variety is also called 'male' variety and has longer leaves. Both (Indian and European birthworts) have similar actions and properties. But round variety is more frequently used and preferred in Unani System of Medicine. | ||||
| Function and properties | Chest, Ulcers, Joints, Alimentary organs, Excretion. Resolvent, demulcent, attenuant, deobstruent, diluting, expectorant, detergent, sedative, purgative (for phlegm), emmenagogue and aphrodisiac. | ||||
| Specific actions | Purgative (for phlegm). | ||||
| Frequency in use | Long variety (Aristolochia indica) is common in India. Round variety (A. rotunda) is rare in India. | ||||
| Common uses | Chest: It is considered useful in phlegmatic affections i.e. chronic cough and asthma. It cleanses the (congested) chest and lungs and its oral intake is useful in pleurisy. The round variety is more potent. Ulcers: It is incorporated in ointments which are used against malignant ulcers. Joints: It is useful in cases of tearing of muscles. The drug (round variety) is applied as a pain reliever in gout. It is useful in muscular fatigue and its oral intake in patients of gout is beneficial. No other drugs can match its efficacy in tetanus. It is also considered useful in sciatica. Alimentary organs: Indian birthwort is good to be used in hiccough and splenic disorders if taken with oxymel. If painted with vinegar on splenic region it proves to be very good. It is also useful in liver swellings. The round variety is most effective in all such cases. It is useful in gastric diseases as well. Excretion: It is also an emmenagogue and helps to expel the foetus. It is an aphrodisiac. It is incorporated in such electuaries which are prescribed for removing the sexual debility. The powdered birhtwort (4.5gm.), is taken orally, purges out phlegmatic humours and bile. Both the long and round varieties of Indian birthwort if taken orally with myrtle and pepper, remove the 'superfluous matter' from the uterus in puerpera. | ||||
| Side effect | It may be harmful for the spleen. It may produce dryness in the nerves. Birthwort, especially its long variety, is useful in scorpion bite. | ||||
| Medical system | Unani | ||||
| Traditional concept | Temperament | It is hot and dry in the second degree. According to Avicenna (Ibn Sina) all kinds of Indian birthworts are hot in the third and dry in the second degree. | |||
| Drug effect | It is beneficial in purging out phlegm. | ||||
| Dosage | 3 to 5gm. | ||||
| Substitute | Zarawand-i-taweel (Aristolochia indica Linn.), Indian birthwort of long variety. Rewand chini (Rheum webbianum Royle, R. emodi Wall.). One material of Rewand chini is imported from China and its rhizome is obtained from R. palmatum Linn. | ||||
| Related drugs | i) Aristolochia indica Linn. (English - Indian birthwort; Unani name - Zarawand-i-taweel) A twining shrub, found throughout the country mainly in the places and lower hilly regions of India. ii) Aristolochia longa Linn. (English - European birthwort / long birthwort; Unani name - Zarawand-i-taweel) It is also indigenous to S. Europe. | ||||
| Corrigent (corrective) | Roghan Kadu, oil of seed kernel of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley) and Roghan Banafsha (oil of Viola odorata Linn.). | ||||
| Important compound preparations | Ma`jun Baladur, Ma`jun Filasfa, Dabidul Ward and Marham Rasul. | ||||
| References | Reference book Tips！ | Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, 1956. Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L. and Chopra, I.C., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi. - New Edition (1996) National Institute Science Communication; Supplement pp 24-25. National Formulary of Unani Medicine, Part 2, 1998. Government of India, ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Department of Indian Systems of Medicine & Homoeopathy, New Delhi. p 156. A Survey of Drugs, 1961 (2nd edi.). Wahid, A. K. and Siddiqui, H. H. Institute of History of Medicine and Medical Research, Delhi. pp 19-30. Dictionary of Economic Plants in India, 1996 (2nd Rep.). Singh, U; Wadhwani, A. M. and Johri B.M. Indian council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi. pp 21-22. Al-Qanun Fil-Tibb. Avicenna. (English translation of the critical Arabic text), Book 2, 1998. Hameed, H. A. (editor), Dept. of Islamic Studies, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi. pp 237-238. Al-Jamili Mufradt Al Adwiya Wal Aghziya (1197-1248 A.D.). Ibn al-Baytar. Vols. 1-3, 1985-1999. Central council for Research in Unani Medicine, Janakpuri, New Delhi. Vol. 2, pp 333-343. Indusyunic Medicine, 1997. Usmanghani, K., Saeed, A. and Alam, M. T. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi. pp 108-110. Unani Adwiyah Mufradah, 1984. Ali, Saifuddin, A. (3rd edi.). Taraqi-e-Urdu Bureau, R. K. Puram, New Delhi. pp 171-172. | |||
| Remarks | Avicenna (Ibn Sina) has described both the varieties together under general name - Zarawand. The Indian physician Hakeem Kabiruddin has described both the varieties separately as independent drugs. Other species i.e. Aristolochia indica Linn. and A. bracteata Retz. are also used medicinally in India under different names. Usmanghani et. al. (1997) have described one variety under general name - Zarawand. Hakeem Saifuddin has classified these drugs into the following three kinds. These are mainly used in Unani medicine. i) Zarawand-i-taweel (Aristolochia longa), long Aristolochia ii) Zarawand Madahraj (A. rotunda), round Aristolochia iii) Zarawand-i-Hindi (A. indica), Indian Aristolochia First two kinds are found in Iran. The first kind is also reported in Iraq. The third kind is more commonly found in India. Nowadays Zarawand-i-Hindi is also used as a substitute for the above two drugs. Zarawand-i-Hindi is easily available, however, the first two kinds are not easily available. Dioscorides, Galen and Zakaryia Razi have also described the drug with its kinds, actions and properties. | ||||
| Last renewal date | 2024/03/19 | ||||
