Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market nameEhelamul
Formal nameAragvadha
Other names　　　

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Amultas, Bandarlati, Sundali (B), Amaltas, Bandarlauri (H), Kakkemara, Rajataru (K), Kanikonna, Kritamalam, Svarnaviram (M), Aragvadhamu, Kolaponna, Rellachettu (Te), Arakkuvadam, Konnei, Sarakkondai (Ta), Rodbir chako zara (Ne), Ehela (Sin)
English nameGolden Shower, Indian Laburnum, Purging Cassia, Purging Fistula
Original plant nameCassia fistula Linn., Golden Shower, Indian Laburnum, Purging Cassia, Purging Fistula
Family nameCaesalpiniaceae (Former Leguminosae)
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification root
Collection informationDemocratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, Colombo, W. Wilbert & Co.
Collection date1982/02/01
CollectorTsuneo Namba, et al.
TMPW No.9904

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
Production area information
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6.9270786
79.86124300000006
Collection information
Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka,Colombo
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Scientific information data base

Crude drug nameAyurvedic name or
Sanskrit name, English name		Aragvadha (Root), Golden Shower, Indian Laburnum, Purging Cassia, Purging Fistula
SynonymsRajavrksa, Samyaka, Sampaka, Caturangula, Arevata, Vyadhighata, Krtamala, Suvarnaka, Karnikara, Dirghaphala, Svarnanga, Svarnabhusana, Manthana, Rocana, Nrpadruma, Hemapuspa, Rajataru, Aruja, Karnabharanaka, Jvarantaka, Svarnadru, Maharajadruma.
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Original plant nameCassia fistula Linn.
Family nameCaesalpiniaceae (Former Leguminosae)
Used partRoot, Fruit, Bark, Flowers and Leaves.
Distribution areaA medium sized tree, occuring in deciduous forests throughout the greater part of India, ascending upto an altitude of 1220 m in the sub-Himalayan tract and outer Himalayas.
RemarksCommon.
Common usesRoot and its bark possess astringent, tonic, febrifugal, and purgative properties and are used for the treatment of cardiac disorders, biliousness, rheumatic condition, haemorrhages/hemorrhages, wounds, ulcers and boils, tubercular glands and various skin diseases including leprosy. Alcoholic extract of the root bark can be used for the treatment of blackwater fever. Aqueous extract of the root bark exhibits antiinflammatory activity. A paste of the roots, pepper, leaf juice of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. and red mud is applied to the swellings of throat in cattle.
Chemical constituent
- Analysis of the bark from Visakhapatnam gave: moisture, 7.94; tannins, 11.64; non-tannins, 5.22; and insolubles, 75.20%. The bark contains (+)-catechin, epicatechin, kaempferol, fistacacidin, fistucacidin, leucocyanidin, leucopelargonidin trimer, rhein glycoside, hexacosanol, lupeol, and beta-sitosterol.

- The pods yield fistulic acid and wax, which, after saponification, give lignoceric acid, n - triacontanol, and n -triacontane-1, 30-diol. The pulp is rich in protein (19.94%) and carbohydrates (26.3%).

- The amino acid composition of the protein is as follows: alanine, 1.75; aspartic acid, 2.15; glutamic acid, 2.89; glycine, 2.26; ornithine, 2.12; tyrosine, 1.35; arginine, 1.3; leucine, 0.69; methionine, 0.8; phenylalanine, 0.71; and tryptophan, 1.09%. The pulp contains sennosides A and B, rhein and its glucoside, barbaloin, aloin, formic acid, butyric acid, their ethyl esters and oxalic acid.

- Presence of pectin, tannin, maltose, glucose, fructose, sucrose and a small quantity of volatile oil is also reported.

- The seeds also yield an oil (3%), having the following physico- chemical constants: sp gr20degree, 0.9112; n D40degree, 1.4672; sap val, 184.2; acetyl val, 9.2; acid val, 2.9; iod val, 109.3; thiocyanogen val, 66.6; and unsapon matter, 5.7%. The component fatty acids of the oil are: palmitic, 16.0; lignoceric, 5.2; oleic, 30.7; and linoleic, 48.1%. Presence of a galactomannan, free sugars and free amino acids is also reported.

- Analysis of the leaves from Jammu gave (dry basis): crude protein, 15.06; ether extr, 10.15; crude fibre, 24.19; N-free extr, 43.55; mineral matter, 7.04; calcium, 2.61; and phosphorus, 0.2%.

- The leaves contain sennosides A and B, chrysophanol, physcion, rhein and its glucoside, kaempferol, quercetin, (-)-epiafzelechin and its 3-O-beta-D- glucopyranoside, (-)-epicatechin, procyanidin B-2, two isomers of epiafzelechin-epicatechin, four isomers of (2S)-7, 4 dihydroxyflavan-epiafzelechin, and epiafzelechin (4beta-->8)-epiafzelechin, epiafzelechin-(4beta-->8)-epiafzelechin-(4beta-->8)- epiafzelechin and (2S)-7, 4-dihydroxy- (4s-->8)- epiafzelechin-(4beta-->8) epiafzelechin and, gallic, protocatechuic, ellagic, citric, malic and succinic acids.

- The flowers contain kaempferol, leucopelargonidin tetramer, rhein and its glycosides, ceryl alcohol, fistulin rhamnoside, aurantiamide acetate, stigmasterol, 28-isofucosterol, beta-sitosterol, its beta-D-glucoside, an ester, and methyleugenol.

- Methyleugenol is reported to attract the fruitfly, Dacus dorsalis.

Pharmacological effectThe ethanolic (50%) extract of the pods showed anti-fertility activity in female albino rats, which is due probably to its estrogenic nature. The shell provokes abortion and the expulsion of the placenta. The pods exhibit similar anti-viral activity as the bark and also show similar Interferon-like activity against Ranikhet Disease Virus and Vaccinia Virus. An aqueous extract of the pulp exhibited slightly lower anti- bacterial activity than its dealcoholized extract against Micrococcus pyogenes var. aureus, M. pyogenes var. albus Hucker, M. citreus Eisenb., Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Kruse) Lehmann & Neumann, Bacillus megaterium de Bary, Salmonella typhi (Schroter), S. paratyphi (Kayser) Castell & Chalm., S. schottmuelleri and Escherichia coli. A seed-diet produced marked hypoglycaemic activity in normal albino rats but not in alloxan-diabetic albino rats. The dealcoholized extract of seeds inhibits organisms, but to a lesser extent than the pulp; the aqueous extract inhibits only Salmonella typhi and Corynebacterium diphtheriae .
The rootbark yields a mixture of three flavonoids, one of them was identified as fistucacidin. Two fractions (CFR I and II) obtained from the rootbark were found to be active against fungi, such as Microsporon gypseum (Bodin) Guiart & Grigorakis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes (Robin) Blanch., T. rubrum (Cast.) Sabour. and T. tonsurans Malmsten, which cause skin diseases. The rootbark also contains tannins, phlobaphenes, reducing sugars and oxyanthraquinones.
Medical systemAyurveda (Traditional Indian medicine)
ReferencesReference book　

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RemarksThe bark mixes well with babul (Acacia nilotica Delile subsp. indica (Benth.) Brenan) bark for the production of half-tan leather. Fishing nets are tanned and dyed with the extract of the bark, for preservation.

Flowers are eaten. They possess astringent, purgative, febrifugal and antibilious properties. A decoction of the flowers is given in stomach troubles. The pollen grains are of two types - starchy and lipid type, and the former type has been reported to cause allergy. The leaves are eaten as fodder for livestock. Leaves are also a source of green manure.
Last renewal date2024/01/16
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