Crude drug sample data base
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Crude drug name | Market name | No Name |
|---|---|---|
| Formal name | Aragvadha | |
Other names Tips！ | Amultas, Bandarlati, Sundali (B), Amaltas, Bandarlauri (H), Kakkemara, Rajataru (K), Kanikonna, Kritamalam, Svarnaviram (M), Aragvadhamu, Kolaponna, Rellachettu (Te), Arakkuvadam, Konnei, Sarakkondai (Ta), Rodbir chako zara (Ne), Ehela (Sin) | |
| English name | Golden Shower, Indian Laburnum, Purging Cassia, Purging Fistula | |
| Original plant name | Cassia fistula Linn., Golden-Shower, Indian Laburnum, Purging Cassia, Purging Fistula | |
| Family name | Caesalpiniaceae (Former Leguminosae) | |
| Used part | Classification | Plant origin | Sub classification | fruit |
| Collection information | Kingdom of Nepal, Kathmandu | |
| Collection date | 1983/03/ | |
| TMPW No. | 9988 | |
The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative
location of its administrative area is indicated.
location of its administrative area is indicated.
Production area information
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27.7172453
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Collection information
Kingdom of Nepal,Kathmandu
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Scientific information data base
| Crude drug name | Ayurvedic name or Sanskrit name, English name | Aragvadha (Fruit), Golden Shower, Indian Laburnum, Purging Cassia, Purging Fistula | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Synonyms | Rajavrksa, Samyaka, Sampaka, Caturangula, Arevata, Vyadhighata, Krtamala, Suvarnaka, Karnikara, Dirghaphala, Svarnanga, Svarnabhusana, Manthana, Rocana, Nrpadruma, Hemapuspa, Rajataru, Aruja, Karnabharanaka, Jvarantaka, Svarnadru, Maharajadruma. | |||||
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| Original plant name | Cassia fistula Linn. | |||||
| Family name | Caesalpiniaceae (Former Leguminosae) | |||||
| Used part | Fruit pulp, Root, Bark, Flowers and Leaves. | |||||
| Distribution area | Occurrs in deciduous forests throughout the greater part of India, ascending upto an altitude of 1,220m in the sub-Himalayan tract and outer Himalayas. | |||||
| Remarks | Common | |||||
| Common uses | Fruit pulp of this drug is used in Ayurvedic preparations for the treatment of blood impurities. Decoction of the pods is given in pneumonia and common fever. Pulp is a safe purgative and is recommended for children and pregnant women. It is given in disorders of liver and in biliousness, and acts as a tonic; it is also applied in gout and rheumatism. The drug may safely be used as an analgesic. As an antipyretic, it is a remedy for malaria and blackwater fever. It is also utilized in blood-poisoning, anthrax and dysentery, and given in leprosy and diabetes and for the removal of abdominal obstructions. A decoction of it is given in hoarseness. Powdered seeds are administered in uterine bleeding. Heated pods are applied to swellings on the neck due to cold. Leaves possess antiperiodic and laxative properties and are used in jaundice, piles, rheumatism, ulcers, and also externally in skin eruptions, ringworm, eczema, prurigo, pruritis, etc. Leaves and bark, mixed with oil, are applied to pustules, insect bites and to lessen inflammation in facial paralysis. Internally, the leaf juice is also given for paralysis and brain affection, and to cure ringworm; also used to allay irritation. A poultice is used to treat chilblains. | |||||
| Therapeutic uses | Jvara (fever), Hrdroga (cardiac disorders), Toda (pricking kind of pain), Kustha (skin diseases), Pittasrava (bilious flow), Krmi (worm infestation), Sula (colic), Kaphodara (udara due to vitiation of Kapha ), Gulma (phantom tumour), Udavarta (diseases due to suppression of urges). | |||||
| Chemical constituent | Others - The pulp from the crushed ripe pods is rich in protein (19.94%) and carbohydrates (26.3%). The amino acid composition of the protein is as follows: alanine, 1.75; aspartic acid, 2.15; glutamic acid, 2.89; glycine, 2.26; ornithine, 2.12; tyrosine, 1.35; arginine, 1.3; leucine, 0.69; methionine, 0.8; phenylalanine, 0.71; and tryptophan, 1.09%. The pulp contains sennosides A and B, rhein and its glucoside, barbaloin, aloin, formic acid, butyric acid, their ethyl esters and oxalic acid. Presence of pectin, tannin, maltose, glucose, fructose, sucrose and a small quantity of volatile oil is also reported. - Analysis of the leaves from Jammu gave (dry basis): crude protein, 15.06; ether extr, 10.15; crude fibre, 24.19; N-free extr, 43.55; mineral matter, 7.04; calcium, 2.61; and phosphorus, 0.2%. - The leaves contain sennosides A and B, chrysophanol,hyscion, rhein and its glucoside, kaempferol, quercetin, (-)-epiafzelechin and its 3-O-s-D- glucopyranoside, (-)-epicatechin, procyanidin B-2, two isomers of epiafzelechin-epicatechin, four isomers of (2S)-7, 4dihydroxyflavan-epiafzelechin, and epiafzelechin (4s-->8)-epiafzelechin, epiafzelechin-(4s-->8)-epiafzelechin-(4s-->8)- epiafzelechin and (2S)-7,4-dihydroxy- (4s-->8)- epiafzelechin-(4s-->8) epiafzelechin and, gallic, protocatechuic, ellagic, citric, malic and succinic acids. - The bark contains (+)-catechin, epicatechinkaempferol, fistacacidin, fistucacidin, leucocyanidin, leucopelargonidin trimer, rhein glycoside, hexacosanol, lupeol, and s-sitosterol. | |||||
| Pharmacological effect | The extract of stembark showed high interferon-like anti-viral activity against Ranikhet Disease Virus and Vaccinia Virus (VV). The ethanolic (50%) extract of the pods showed anti-fertility activity in female albino rats, which is probably due to its estrogenic nature. The shell provokes abortion and the expulsion of the placenta. The pods exhibit similar anti-viral activity as the bark and also show similar Interferon-like activity against Ranikhet Disease Virus and Vaccinia Virus. An aqueous extract of the pulp exhibited slightly lower anti-bacterial activity than its dealcoholized extract against Micrococcus pyogenes var. aureus, M. pyogenes var. albus Hucker, M. citreus Eisenb., Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Kruse) Lehmann & Neumann, Bacillus megaterium de Bary, Salmonella typhi (Schroter), S. paratyphi (Kayser) Castell & Chalm., S. schottmuelleri (Winslow et al) Bergey et al, and Escherichiacoli Castell. & Chalm. Seed-diet produced marked hypoglycaemic activity in normal albino rats but not in alloxan-diabetic albino rats. The dealcoholized extract of seeds inhibits organisms, but to a lesser extent than the pulp; the aqueous extract inhibits only Salmonella typhi and Corynebacterium diphtheriae. | |||||
| Medical system | Ayurveda (Traditional Indian medicine) | |||||
| Traditional concept | Rasa (Taste) | Madhura (Sweet) | ||||
| Virya (Potency) | Sita (Cold) | |||||
| Guna (Quality) | Guru (Heavy), Mrdu (Soft), Snigdha (Unctuous) | |||||
| Vipaka (Post digestive taste) | Madhura (Sweet) | |||||
| Karma (General action) | Sramsana (laxative), Rucya (improves taste), Kosthasuddhikara (helps in cleansing digestive tract) | |||||
| Dosakarma (Action on dosa) | Decreases Vata Pitta | |||||
| Mala (Action on excretory mechanism) | Sramsana (laxative) | |||||
| Traditional usage | 1. One afflicted with fever should take Aragvadha (Cassia fistula) mixed with milk or grape juice. 2. It is fit to be used particularly in children, old and delicate people and those having wound and emaciation. 3. Aragvadha in the dose of 40g. taken along with juice of sugarcane, Amalaki (Phyllanthus emblica) with trikatu (a group of three pungents) alleviates jaundice. 4. Its leaves along with Kakamaci (Solanum nigrum), Karanja (Pongamia pinnata) are pounded with buttermilk and applied as anointment after smearing with oil to the affected part in leprosy and other skin diseases. 5. Decoction of Daruharidra (Berberis aristata), Rasanjana (a product of Berberis), Nimba (neem), triphala (a group of three fruits), tinisa (Ougenia oojeinensis) alleviate skin diseases when used as bath and consumed internally. 6. Leaves of Aragvadha pounded with sour gruel and applied helps in ringworm, kitibha and sidhma (two kinds of skin diseases). 7. Its powder along with Haridra (turmeric), himsra (Capparis sepiaria) mixed with honey and ghee is made into wick and kept in the wounds for purification. 8. Leaves of Aragvadha are fried with mustard oil and taken in the evening followed by meal to alleviate Ama (morbid matter). 9. Tender leaves of sunisannaka (Marsilea minuta), Nimba (neem), Arka (Calotropis procera), Vetasa (Salix caprea) and Aragvadha should be used as vegetable cooked with water and oil without salt alleviates urustambha (a Vata disorder). 10. By local application of the paste of the root of Aragvadha etc., separately pounded with water even the severe veneral disease disappears. 11. Decoction of the leaves of Karavira (Nerium indicum), Jati (Jasminum officinale), Aragvadha, Tarkari (Premna mucronata) and arka should be used for washing wounds. | |||||
| Formulation | Aragvadharista, Aragvadhadi leha, Aragvadhadi taila. | |||||
| Comments | It is included under Kusthaghna, Kandughna, Virecana, Tikta skandha gana by Caraka. Susruta includes it under Aragvadhadi, Syamadi, Adhobhagahara gana. Krtamalaka is its synonym indicating its long inflorescence and Dirghaphala indicates that it bears a long pod. Suvarnaka means it has yellow inflorescence. | |||||
| References | Reference book Tips！ | [2] Indian Medicinal Plants - A Compendium of 500 species, Varier, P.S., Orient Longman Ltd. Chennai (Madras) Vol. 2 (Repr.1997), p 12. Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi Vol. 2, pp 170-173. Classical uses of Medicinal Plants, 1996. Sharma, P.V., Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi p 41. | ||||
| Remarks | Fishing nets are tanned and dyed with the extract of the bark for preservation. A decoction of the stembark along with cumin seeds and garlic is given as a purgative to cattle. Pulp, mixed with rapeseed oil, is orally given to cattle suffering from cough, and as a stomachic. Seeds yield a dark coloured gum slightly soluble in water and hence have a possibility as a source for industrial gum. | |||||
| Last renewal date | 2023/12/27 | |||||
