Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market nameManjal
Formal nameHaridra
Other names　　　

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Haldi, Halada (T), Haldi (B), Haldi (H), Arisina (K), Mannal (M), Pasupu (Te), Manjal (Ta), Haridadro (Ti), Kaha, Athkaha (Sin)
English nameTurmeric
Original plant nameCurcuma longa Linn. (= Curcuma domestica Valeton), Turmeric
Family nameZingiberaceae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification rhizome
Collection informationIndia, Udupi, Karnataka, U.Venkatesh Jogoppa Shanbhag & Sons
Collection date2011/09/16
CollectorKatsuko Komatsu, et al.
TMPW No.27479

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
Production area information
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13.3408807
74.74214269999993
Collection information
India,Udupi, Karnataka
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Scientific information data base

Crude drug nameAyurvedic name or
Sanskrit name, English name		Haridra, Turmeric
SynonymsGauri, Rajani, Pita, Pinda, Pinga, Kancani, Strivallabha, Varnavati, Krmighni, Nisa, Ranjani, Nisakhya, Varavarnini, Haldi, Yositpriya, Hrdvilasini, Haritaranjini, Svarnavarna, Suvarna, Siva, Varnini, Dirgharaga, Haridri, Varanga, Janistha, Vara, Varnadatri, Pavitra, Harita, Namri, Visaghni, Pingala, Varnada, Mangalya, Mangala, Laksmi, Bhadra, Sipha, Sobha, Sobhana, Subhagahvaya, Jayantika, Romasamulika, Pistesta, Vaisya, Pindabhadra, Bhadralata, Pitangi, Dirgharaga.
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Original plant nameCurcuma longa Linn. (= Curcuma domestica Valeton)
Family nameZingiberaceae
Used partRhizome
Distribution areaThroughout India, cultivated, especially in Punjab, Bengal, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
RemarksCommon.
Common usesThe drug is used as an aromatic, stimulant, tonic, carminative, blood purifier and antiseptic agent for the treatment of chronic bronchitis, conjunctivitis, jaundice, infective hepatitis, diseases of the blood, liver and skin. Externally it is used on sores, swellings and wounds of all kinds. Decoction of rhizome is useful in purulent conjunctivitis. In the Ayurvedic system of medicine, turmeric enters into the composition of a number of vegetable drugs used to regulate fat metabolism and plays an important role in curing obesity due to auxiliary causes.
Therapeutic usesMeha (diabetic types), Kustha (skin diseases), Kandu (itching), Sopha (oedema), Dustavrana (putrified wound), Visa (poison), Pandu (anaemic/anemic conditions), Pinasa (running nose), Aruci (lack of appetite), Apaci (tumour/tumor)
Chemical constituentPolysaccharides
Ukonan A(*C9, *C12), Ukonan D (*C11), Ukonan B (*C12), Ukonan C (*C12)

Monoterpenoids
beta-Sesquiphellandrene (*C2, *C20、*C22), 1,8-cineole (*C2, *C20), alpha-Phellandrene (*C 20), Terpen-4-ol (*C20), p-Cymene-8-ol (*C21), Terpinolene (*C22), Zingiberelene (*C22)

Sesquiterpenoids
ar-Turmerone (*C1, C3, *C4、*C8), beta-Turmerone (*C1, C3), alpha-Curcumin (*C2), alpha-Zingiberene (*C2), Zerumbone (*C2),　Germacene (*C2), alpha-Tumerone (*C3), (Z)-gamma-Atlantone (*C4), (E)-gamma-Atlantone (*C4), Germacrone-13-al (*C13), 4-Hydroxybisabola-2,10-dien-9-one (*C13), Procurcumadiol (*C13),　4-Methoxy-5-hydroxybisabola-2,10-dien-9-one (*C13), Curcumenone (*C13, *C14), 2,5-Dihydroxybisabola-3,10-dien-9-one (*C13), Dehydrocurdione (*C13, *C14), (4S,5S)-Germacrone-4,5-epoxide (*C13), Bisabola-3,10-dien-2-one (*C13, *C15), alpha-Turmerone (*C13, *C16), Bisacumol (*C13, *C17), Bisacurone (*C13, *C17), Curcumenol (*C13, *C18), Isoprocurcumenol (*C13), Zedoarondiol (*C13, *C19), Procurcurcumenol (*C13), Epiprocurcurcumenol (*C13), 4,5-Dihydroxybisabola-3,10-dien-9-one (*C13), beta-Caryophyllene (*C20)

Diterpenoids
Labda-8(17),12-diene-15,16-dial (*C8)

Phenol derivatives
1-(3-cyclopentylpropyl)-2,4-Dimethylbenzene1 (*C2), 1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione (Curcumin, *C5, *C6, *C7), 4"-(3'"-methoxy-4'"-hydroxyphenyl)-2"-oxo-3"-enebutanyl 3-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propenoate (Calebin-A, *C6）,1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,4,6-heptatrie-3-one (*C6), 1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione (Curcumin III, *C6, *C8), 1,7-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione (bisdemethoxycurcumin, *C6、*C7), 1-Hydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-heptane-3,5-dione (*C6), 1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-heptane-3,5-dione (*C6), 1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4,6-heptatrine-3-one (*C6), 1,5-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,4-pentadine-3-one (*C6)
Demethoxycurcumin (*C7), Curcumin I (*C8), Curcumin II (*C8)

Peptide
Turmerin (*C10)

Pharmacological effectAntirheumatic activity (curcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin and its analogues), antiinflammatory activity (powdered rhizomes), antibacterial, antihepatotoxic, antiparasitic (rhizome), antilithogenic (curcumin), antitumor (ethnol extract, curcumin)
Medical systemAyurveda (Traditional Indian medicine)
Traditional conceptRasa (Taste)Katu (Pungent), Tikta (Bitter)
Virya (Potency)Usna (Hot)
Guna (Quality)Ruksa (Dry), Laghu (Light)
Vipaka
(Post digestive taste)		Katu (Pungent)
Karma
(General action)		Varnya (good for complexion), Visodhini (eliminative)
Dosakarma
(Action on dosa)		Decreases Pitta Kapha
Dhatukarma(Action
on body tissues)		Asra (blood)
Traditional usage1. One should take Haridra (Turmeric) pounded with sour gruel. Thus the person does not get affected by the disorders due to change of place.

2. Paste of Haridra powder mixed with latex of Snuhi (Euphorbia spp.) or Pippali (Piper longum) pounded with bile of ox and Haridra should be applied for disorders due to change of place.

3. One should take Haridra mixed with Triphala* (a group of three fruits of Terminalia chebula, T. bellirica and Emblica officinalis), ghee, honey for anaemia/anemia.

4. Haridra, red ochre and Amalaka (Phyllanthus emblica) used as collyrium alleviate jaundice.

5. Powder of Haridra impregnated with Vasa (Adhatoda vasica) juice and taken with fatty layer of milk checks dry cough.

6. Haridra should be burnt by closed heating and the ash 2 gm be given with honey. It alleviates asthma and cough.

7. In bronchial asthma, the patient should inhale smoke of the wick made of Haridra, Patra (Cinnamomum tamala), Eranda (Ricinus communis) root, lac, realgar, Devadaru (Cedrus deodara), orpiment and Mamsi (Nardostachys jatamansi) pounded together.

8. Haridra put in saline water for twenty-one days and then parched on fire should be kept in mouth. It checks hiccough, cough, asthma, disorders of Kapha.

9. In thirst caused by Kapha, one should take water processed with Haridra and mixed with honey and sugar.

10. Haridra powder mixed with honey should be taken with the juice of Amalaka (Phyllanthus emblica) for diabetic types.

11. Haridra 40 gms with urine for a month relieves skin diseases.

12. Haridra 10 gms with equal quantity of Yavani (Trachyspermum ammi) and salt 2.5 gm is powdered and cooked in ghee 40 gm. It should be taken warm in severe colic.

13. Haridra and Bhrngaraja (Eclipta alba) root equal parts pounded with cold water and the paste applied locally. It alleviates erysipelas.

14. Haridra mixed with jaggery should be taken with cow urine. It destroys filaria and also ring worm.

15. Decoction of Haridra and Guduci (Tinospora cordifolia) mixed with honey should be taken in arthritis prominent in Kapha.

16. By taking Haridra with Jaggery in equal parts with sour gruel gravels pass away.

17. In whitlow, Haritaki rubbed with Haridra juice in an iron vessel should be applied frequently.

18. Cow's urine 80 ml mixed with paste of Haridra should be taken. It destroys scabies and eczema.

19. Ghee should be cooked separately with the paste of Haridra, Nakuli (Aristolochia indica), Jati (Jasminum officinale). It is efficacious in poisoning.

20. Intake of ghee mixed with Haridra, rocksalt, honey is useful in poisoning by root or arrow. Both types of Haridra are unparalleled remedy for poisoning used as paste etc.

21. Fine powder of Haridra is put in oil for three hours then oil is extracted. It alleviates disorders of Vata.

22. The paste of Haridra and Rakta candana (Pterocarpus santalinus) pounded with buffalo's milk should be applied on face. It removes the dark shade.

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Triphala*, a group of three fruits, i.e., Amalaka, Bibhitaki, and Haritaki. It is beneficial for increasing appetite, improving eyesight, and treating chronic intermittent fever.
FormulationNimbaharidradi curna, Haridrakhanda, Candraprabha vati, Sudarsana curna, Vidangadi lepa, Pippalyasava, Nalpamaradi tailam
CommentsThis is included in the Kusthaghna, Lekhaniya, Kandughna, Tiktaskandha, Sirovirecana gana of Caraka and Haridradi, Mustadi, Slesmasamsamana gana of Susruta.
ReferencesReference book　

Tips！

[2] Indian Medicinal Plants - A Compendium of 500 species, Varier, P.S., Orient Longman Ltd. Chennai (Madras)
Vol. 2 (Repr.1997), pp 259-261.

Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, 1956. Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L. and Chopra, I.C., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi. - New Edition (1996) National Institute Science Communication; Supplement
p 85.

Illustrated Manual of Herbal Drugs Used in Ayurveda, 1996. Sarin, Y.K., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research and Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi
p 38.

Ayurvedic Drugs and Their Plant Sources, 1994. Sivarajan, V.V. and Balachandran, I., Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
p 169.

The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part I, Vol I, Ed. I, 1989. Govt. of India, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Dept. of Health, New Delhi
pp 45, 46.

Plants in Ayurveda (A Compendium of Botanical and Sanskrit Names), 1997. Abdul Kareem, M., Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore
536.

Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi
Vol. 2, pp 162-265.

Classical uses of Medicinal Plants, 1996. Sharma, P.V., Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi
p 402.

Research paper*C1: Hong, C. H., Kim, Y. and Lee, S. K.; Arch. Pharm. Res., 24, 424-6 (2001).
*C2: Hu, Y., Du, Q. and Tang, Q.; Se. Pu., 16, 528-9 (1998).
*C3: Manzan, A. C., Toniolo, F. S., Bredow, E. and Povh, N. P.; J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, 6802-7 (2003).
*C4: Braga, M. E., Leal, P. F., Carvalho, J. E. and Meireles, M. A.; J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, 6604-11 (2003).
*C5: Ukil, A., Maity, S., Karmakar, S., Datta, N., Vedasiromoni, J. R. and Das, P. K.; Br. J. Pharmacol., 139, 209-18 (2003).
*C6 Park, S. Y. and Kim, D. S.H. L.; J. Nat. Prod., 1227-31 (2002).
*C7 Song, E. K., Cho, H., Kim, J. S., Kim, N. Y., An, N. H., Kim, J. A., Lee, S. H. and Kim, Y. C.; Planta Med., 67, 876-7 (2001).
*C8 Roth, G. N., Chandra, A. and Nair,　M. G.; J. Nat. Prod., 61, 542-5 (1998).
*C9 Gonda, R., Tomoda, M., Takada, K., Ohara, N. and Shimizu, N.; Chem. Pharm. Bull., 40, 990-3 (1992).
*C10. Srinivas, L., Shalini, V. K. and Shylaja, M.; Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 292, 617-23 (1992).
*C11 Gonda, R., Takeda, K., Shimizu, N. and Tomoda, M.; Chem. Pharm. Bull., 40, 185-8 (1992).
*C12 Gonda, R., Tomoda, M., Shimizu, N. and Kanari, M.; Chem. Pharm. Bull., 38, 482-6 (1990).
*C13 Ohshiro, M., Kuroyanagi, M. and Ueno, A.; Phytochemistry, 29, 2201-05 (1990).
*C14 Kuroyanagi, M., Ueno, A., Ujiie, K. and Sato, S.; Chem. Pharm. Bull., 35, 53 (1987).
*C15 Harison, L. J., Asakawa, Y. and Takemoto, T.; 29th Symposium paper on the Chemistry of Terpenes, Essential Oil and Aromatics, Mie. p.268 (1985).
*C16 Kiso, Y., Suzuki, Y., Oshima, Y. and Hokino, H.; Phytochemistry, 22, 596 (1983).
*C17 Uehara, S., Yasuda, I., Takeya, K. and Itokawa, H.; Chem. Pharm. Bull., 37, 237 (1989).
*C18 Hikino, H., Sakurai, Y., Numabe, S. and Takemoto, T.; Chem. Pharm. Bull., 16, 39 (1968).
*C19 Kauno, C. and Kawano, F.; Phytochemistry, 24, 1845, (1985).
*C20 Raina, V. K., Srivastava, S. K., Jain, N., Ahmad, A., Syamasundar, K. V. and Aggarwal, K. K.; Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 17, 99-102 (2002).
*C21 Leela, N. K., Tava, A., Shafi, P. M., John, S. P. and Chempakam, B.; Acta Pharmaceutica, 52, 137-41 (2002).
*C22 Chane-Ming, J., Vera, R., Chalchat, J.-C. and Cabassu, P.; J. Essen. Oil Res., 14, 249-51 (2002).
RemarksTurmeric is an ingredient of the Ayurvedic drug found very effective in the treatment of diabetes. Turmeric has also been used in the manufacture of an Ayurvedic medicated thread - Ksarasutra used in the treatment of anal fistula. An all India trial was conducted by the Indian Council of Medical Research to study the efficacy of Ksarasutra in comparison with the conventional surgery. It was concluded that long term outcome with the thread was better than surgery although initial healing time is longer.

In the pharmaceutical Industry, turmeric is used as a safe colouring matter.
Last renewal date2023/12/20
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