Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market nameBhring raj
Formal nameBhrngaraja
Other names　　　

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Bhangaraa (T), Kesuti (B), Bhangra (H), Garagadasoppu (K), Kyonni (M), Galagara (Ta), Briga raza (Ti), Bhringrajah (N)
English nameTrailing Eclipta
Original plant nameEclipta prostrata Linn. (= Eclipta erecta Linn.) (= Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk.), Trailing Eclipta
Family nameCompositae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification whole plant
Collection informationKingdom of Nepal, Kathmandu, Gyan Man Singh, Jaget Hil Man Singh
Collection date1986/08/22
TMPW No.5702

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
Production area information
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27.7172453
85.3239605
Collection information
Kingdom of Nepal,Kathmandu
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Scientific information data base

Crude drug nameAyurvedic name or
Sanskrit name, English name		Bhrngaraja, Trailing Eclipta
SynonymsBhrngaraga, Tekaraja, Markava, Bhrnga, Angaraka, Kesaraja, Bhrngara, Kesaranjana, Bhrngahva, Pitrpriya, Rangaka, Kesya, Kuntavardhana, Mahabhrnga, Karanjaka, Mahanila, Markara, Nagamara, Nilabhrngaraja, Nilapuspa, Pankajata, Pararu, Patanga, Pitabhrngaraja, Syamala, Suparna.
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Original plant nameEclipta prostrata Linn. (= Eclipta erecta Linn.) (= Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk.)
Family nameCompositae
Used partWhole plant, Seeds
Distribution areaThroughout India, at all elevations in waste places and on road sides.
RemarksCommon.
Common usesBhrngaraja is acrid, bitter, hot and dry and is a good rejuvenator. It is used for the treatment of skin diseases, intestinal worms, cough and asthma. It is good for blackening and strengthening of the hair, for stopping haemorrhages/hemorrhages and fluxes and for strengthening the gums. Seeds are good for increasing sexual vigour. The plant possesses antiinflammatory properties. Leaf juice along with honey is used as remedy for catarrh in infants.
Therapeutic usesKrmi (worm infestation), Svasa (asthmatic conditions), Kasa (cough), Palita (premature graying of hair), Sotha (oedema), Pandu (anaemia), Aksiroga (eye diseases), Siro arti (head ache), Hrdroga (cardiac diseases), Kandu (pruritus).
Chemical constituentFatty acids related compounds
n-Heptadecan-5-one-yl myristate (*C7), 11-Hydroxy-n-pentadecanyl paimitate (*C7)

Fatty acids
Stearic acid (*C8), Laceeroic acid (*C8), 12-Hydroxy-cis-9-octadecenoic acid (*C11)

Lipids
Nonacosanol (*C8)

Triterpenoids
alpha-Amyrin (*C9), Ursolic acid (*C9), Oleanolic acid (*C9)

Triterpenoid saponins
Eclalbasaponin I (*C1), Eclalbasaponin II (*C1), Eclalbasaponin III (*C1), Eclalbasaponin IV (*C1), Eclalbasaponin V (*C1), Eclalbasaponin VI (*C1), Eclalbasaponin VII (*C2), Eclalbasaponin VIII (*C2), Eclalbasaponin IX (*C2),Eclalbasaponin X (*C2), Ecilptasaponin A (*C4), Ecilptasaponin B(*C4), Ecilptasaponin C (*C5), Eclalbatin (*C10), Ecilptasaponin D (*C12)

Sterols
Stigmasterol (*C3, *C13), Daucosterol (*C5), beta-Sitosterol (*C8)

Steroid saponins & Sapogenins
Stigmasterol-3-O-glucoside (*C5)

Flavones & Flavonols
Apigenin (*C15), Luteolin (*C15)

Coumarins
Wedalolactone (*C, *C8, *C14, *C15), Demethylwedalolactone (*C8, *C14, *C15), alpha-formylterthienyl (*C8), Isodemethylwedalolactone (*C8)

Phenol derivatives
3,4-Dihydroxy benzoic acid (*C8), 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (*C15)

Sulfur containing compounds
Ecliptal (*C6)

Others
Strychnolactone (*C8), alpha-Terthienyl.alpha-terthienyl (*C13)、Protocateuic acid　(*C15)

Pharmacological effectThe shoot extract shows antibiotic activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Ethanolic extracts of aerial parts of the plant neutralize the lethal activity of the venom of South American rattle snake (Crotalus durissus terrificus) in vitro and in vivo in rats. Three compounds isolated from the plant, wedelolactone, sitosterol and stigmasterolwere are able to neutralize three LDs of the venom. The alcoholic extract of the herb has antiviral activity against Raniket disease.
Medical systemAyurveda (Traditional Indian medicine)
Traditional conceptRasa (Taste)Katu (Pungent), Tikta (Bitter)
Virya (Potency)Usna (Hot)
Guna (Quality)Ruksa (Dry), Laghu (Light)
Vipaka
(Post digestive taste)		Katu (Pungent)
Karma
(General action)		Kesya (good for hair), Dipana (appetiser), Pacana (digestive), Tvacya (good for skin), Amanut (removes undigested matter), Rasayana (rejuvenative), Balya (promotes strength), Caksusya (good for eyes), Visaghna (removes toxins), Medhya (improves intellect).
Dosakarma
(Action on dosa)		Decreases Kapha Vata
Avayava
(Action on organ)		Caksusya (good for eyes), Kesya (good for hair)
Traditional usage1. Bhrngaraja taila (a formulation) is used in svasa (asthmatic conditions), kasa (cough).

2. Juice of Kasamarda (Cassia occidentalis), horse's faeces, Bhrngaraja (Eclipta prostrate), Vartaka (Solanum melongena) and Tulasi mixed with honey alleviates cough caused by Kapha.

3. Oil cooked with twenty parts of Bhrngaraja juice along with paste of Haritaki alleviates asthma and cough.

4 . In head ache its juice is applied on the head.

5. Oil of 160ml. is cooked with juice of Bhrngaraja and milk 1.28 litres along with the paste of Madhuka (liquorice) 40g. This is used as snuff to alleviate graying of hair.

6. Flowers of Bhrngaraja and Japa (hibiscus) pounded with sheep milk and dissolved in the same is put in earthen vessel and kept underground for a week. Then it is taken out and mixed with Bhrngaraja juice is anointed on the head which is covered for the whole night. In morning it is washed. Thus the hairs are blackened.

7. Powder made of Bhrngaraja root and Haridra (turmeric) is applied locally alleviates Varahadamstra (a kind of skin disease).

8. Bhrngaraja taila is used to improve hair growth when applied on the head regularly.

9. Tila taila (Sesamum oil) and Bibhitaki oil cooked with Bhrngaraja juice and decoction of asana in an iron vessel also improves hair growth.

10. Intake of fish, eggs, with Bhrngaraja removes night blindness in a week. During the course, the patient should keep on wholesome diet.

11. The seeds are useful to increase the vitality and used in loss of libido.

12. Those who take the juice of Bhrngaraja daily for a month keeping on milk diet become full of strength and vigour and attain a life span of hundred years.

13. One who takes leaves of Bhrngaraja combined with black sesamum for a month on milk diet lives long, healthy and with black hairs.

14. Intake of powder containing Bhrngaraja leaves, black sesamum, Amalaka and sugar in equal quantity acts as rejuvenative.

15. Oil cooked with Bhrngaraja juice alleviates sinusitis caused by Kapha and Vata, scrofula and wounds.

16. Powder of Haritaki and Bhrngaraja mixed with old jaggery controls vomiting caused by hyperacidity in acid gastritis.

17. Washing the wound with the juice of Bhrngaraja eliminates soft chancre.

18. Pill made with Bhrngaraja with water alleviates dysentery with mucus, blood and griping
FormulationBhrngaraja taila, Tekaraja taila, Tekarajairanda taila, Bhrngamalaka taila, Nilibhrngadi taila, Sadbindu taila, Bhrngarajadi curna, Bhrngaraja ghrta.
Related drugsPila bhangra is the name given to the closely related plant, Wedelia chinensis Merrill (= W. calendulacea Less.), which is used, to some extent, vicariously for Eclipta alba.
CommentsMost of its synonyms like Bhrngaraja, Markava, Bhrnga etc., implies that it imparts black colour to the hair like that of

Based on the colour of flowers, three varieties of Bhrngaraja have been described in the nighantus as- Sveta (white), Pita (yellow), Nila (blue). Eclipta prostrata or E. alba is Sveta variety. Pita variety is identified with Wedelia chinensis Merrill. Nila variety is controversial. Some consider Nila as a stage of development in the white variety itself.
ReferencesReference book　

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[2] Indian Medicinal Plants - A Compendium of 500 species, Varier, P.S., Orient Longman Ltd. Chennai (Madras)
Vol. 2 (Repr.1997), pp 350-353.

Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, 1956. Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L. and Chopra, I.C., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi. - New Edition (1996) National Institute Science Communication; Supplement
p104.

Illustrated Manual of Herbal Drugs Used in Ayurveda, 1996. Sarin, Y.K., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research and Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi
pp 296-297.

Ayurvedic Drugs and Their Plant Sources, 1994. Sivarajan, V.V. and Balachandran, I., Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
pp 91-92.

Plants in Ayurveda (A Compendium of Botanical and Sanskrit Names), 1997. Abdul Kareem, M., Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore
57.

Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi
Vol. 2, pp 123-126.

Classical uses of Medicinal Plants, 1996. Sharma, P.V., Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi
p 278.

Research paper*C1 Yahara, S., Ding, N. and Nohara, T.; Chem. Pharm. Bull., 42, 1336-38 (1994).
*C2 Yahara, S., Ding, N., Nohara, T., Masuda, K. and Ageta, H.; Phytochemistry, 44, 131-35 (1996).
*C3 Zou, J. and Uchiyama, M.; Zhongcaoyao, 24, 174-76 (1993).
*C4 Zhang, M. and Chen, Y.; Yaoxue Xuebao, 31, 196-99 (1996).
*C5 Zhang, M. and Chen, Y.; Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi, 21, 480-81 (1996).
*C6 Das, B. and Chakravarty, A. K.; Indian J. Chem. Sect. B: 30B, (11), 1052-53 (1991).
*C7 Ali, M. and Gupta, J.; Orient. T. Chem., 13, 91-92 (1997).
*C8 Zhang, J. and Guo, Q.; Yaoxue Xuebao, 36, 34-37 (2001).
*C9 Upadhyay, R. K., Pandey, M. B., Jha, R. N. and Pandey, V. B.; Indian J. Nat. Prod., 16, 31-32 (2000).
*C10 Upadhyay, R. K., Pandey, M. B., Jha, R. N. and Pandey, V. B.; J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res., 3, 213-17 (2001).
*C11 Yadav, A. and Sherwani, M. R. K.; Orient. J. Chem.; 15, 327-30 (1999).
*C12 Zhang, M., Chen, Y., Di, X. and Liu, M.; Yaoxue Xuebao, 32, 633-34 (1997).
*C13 Han, Y., Xia, C., Chen, X., xiang, R., Liu, H., Yan, Q. and Xu, D.; Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi, 23, 680-82 (1998).
*C14 Murali, B., Amit, A., Anand, M. S. and Samiulla, D. S.; J. Nat. Remedies, 2, 99-101 (2002).
*C15 Singh, B., Saxena, A. K., Cahndan, B. K., Agarwal, S. G. and Anand, K. K.; Indian J. Phys. Pharm., 45, 435-41 (2001).
RemarksIn the market Eclipta prostrata (Bhrngaraja) is adulterated or substituted with mainly three herbs, viz. Ageratum conyzoides L., Caesula axillaris Roxb. and Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. which commonly grow mixed with one another. Due to over exploitation Eclipta prostrata is considered as one of the threatened medicinal plants and needs special attention for conservation.
Last renewal date2023/11/16
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