Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market nameNimoli
Formal nameNimba
Other names　　　

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Nim (B), Nim, Nimb (H), Bevinamara (K), Veppu (M), Vepachettu (Te), Veppamaram, Vembu (Ta), Kohomba (Sin)
English nameIndian Lilac, Margosa Tree, Neem Tree
Original plant nameAzadirachta indica A. Juss., Indian Lilac, Margosa Tree, Neem Tree
Family nameMeliaceae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification fruit
Collection informationIndia, New Delhi, Hans Raj & Sons
Collection date1991/05/07
CollectorTsuneo Namba, et al.
TMPW No.12029

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
Production area information
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28.6139391
77.20902120000005
Collection information
India,New Delhi
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Scientific information data base

Crude drug nameAyurvedic name or
Sanskrit name, English name		Nimba (Fruit), Indian Lilac, Margosa Tree, Neem Tree
SynonymsPrabhadra, Picumanda, Paribhadraka, Kakaphala, Kiresta, Neta, Arista, Sarvatobhadra, Damana, Visirnaparna, Pavanesta, Pitasaraka, Sita, Varatikta, Aristaphala, Jyesthamalaka, Hinguniryasa, Chardana, Agnidhamana, Picumarda, Tiktaka, Niyamana, Sukapriya, Cirnaparna, Pitasara, Ravipriya
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Original plant nameAzadirachta indica A. Juss.
Family nameMeliaceae
Used partFruit, Seed, Bark, Leaves, Flowers, oil
Distribution areaThroughout India, also cultivated
Common usesFruit is used as a tonic, antiperiodic, purgative, emollient and anthelmintic. It is beneficial in urinary diseases, piles and skin diseases. Seed on an average contains 44.7% kernel and 55.3% of shell. Kernel oil, called oil of Margosa, is used in pharmaceutical industries for its bitter principles. Oil is a useful remedy in some chronic skin diseases and ulcers. It is a common external application for rheumatism, leprosy and sprain. Intrauterine medication of oil controls different types of inflammation of uterus. Warm oil relieves ear trouble; it also cures dental and gum troubles. A few drops of oil taken in betel leaf provide relief in asthma. Oil is reported to have antifertility properties. It possesses antiseptic and antifungal activity.
Therapeutic usesMeha (diabetic types), Jvara (fever), Krmi (worms), Kustha (skin diseases), Kasa (cough), Aruci (lack of taste), Svasa (respiratory disorders), Hrllasa (feeling of melting of heart), Svayathu (swelling), Vrana (wounds), Chardi (vomiting), Vatarakta (arthritic conditions), Hrddaha (burning of heart)
Chemical constituentDiterpenoids
Nimosone (*C36), Nimbosone (*C36), Me nimbiol (*C36), Me nimbionone (*C36), Sugiol (*C36)

Sesterterpenoids
Nimbolide (*C3)

Triterpenoids
Nimolicinoic acid (*C35), Meliacinolactol (*C38)

Sterols
Meliantriol (*C2), Nimbocinone (*C2), Nimolinone (*C2), Azadirachtol (*C2), Azadirachnol (*C2), (24E)-Isopropenyl Choleterol (*C37)

Limonoids
Nimbin (*C1), Nimbinin (*C1), Nimbidinin (*C4), Nimbidic acid (*C4), Azadirone (*C5), Azadiradione (*C5)Epoxyazadiradione (*C5), Gedunin (*C5, *C6), 7-deacetylazadiradion-7-benzoate (*C7), Epoxyazadiradione-7-benzoate, (*C7), Gedunin (*C7), 1alpha-Methoxy-1,2-dihydro-epoxyazadiradione (*C7), 1beta,2beta-Diepoxyazadiradione (*C7), 7-Acetylneotrichilenone (*C7), Nimocin (*C8), Nimocinolide (*C8), Isonimocinolide (*C8, *C35), 7-Deacetial-7-hydroxyazadiradion (*C9), Meldenin (*C10), Vepinin (*C11), Isomeldenin (*C12), Meldenin diol (*C12), Nimocinol (*C13), 4alpha,6alpha-dihydroxy-A-homoazadirone (*C14), Nimbolin A (*C15), Nimbolin B (*C15), Vilasinin (*C16), 1,3-Diacetylvilasinin (*C17), 3-Deacetylsalanin (*C17), Salannol (*C17), 1-Tigolyl-3-acetylvilasinin (*C18), Ssalannol acetate (*C18), Azadirachtin (*C18, *C28, *C29, *C30), 17beta-Hydroxyazadiradione (*C19, *C20), Nimolicinol (*C21), Isonimolicinolide (*C22), Azadirachtanin (*C23), Isonimbocinolide (*C24), 2’,3’-Dehydrosalannol (*C25), Deacetylnimbin (*C26, *C27), Deacetylnimbinolide (*C27), Deacetylisonimbinolide (*C27), 22,23-Dihydro-23beta-methoxyazadirachtin (*C29), Salannolide (*C31), Isoazadirolide (*C32), Margosinolide (*C33), Isomargosinolide (*C33), Nimbinene (*C34), 6-Deacetylnimbinene (*C34), Nimbandiol (*C34), 6-O-acetylnimbandiol (*C34), Limocin C (*C38), Limocin D (*C38), Trichilenone acetate (*C39), O-methylazadironolide (*C39)

Flavones & Flavonols
Flowerine (*C39), Flowerone (*C39)

Pharmacological effectDifferent preparations of nimbidin as an external application for the skin disorders showed good results. Nimbin has been found to be antipyretic and non-irritant. Sodium nimbidinate obtained from nimbidin has potent diuretic and anti inflammatory properties. It is highly active when injected, but may be effective in larger doses when　orally given. When administered intramuscularly in congestive cardiac failure with anasarca, good response was observed. It has also been observed to produce uterine contraction. It reduced blood pressure in experimental animals. When the oil is given as an anthelmintic to humans it produces nausea and general discomfort. These are some indications that the oil may be involved in the etiology of Reyes syndrome, possibly because of a synergistic effect of aflatoxin in the oil. A wound dressing contains neem oil as one of its ingredients. It is recommended only for animals.
Medical systemAyurveda (Traditional Indian medicine)
Traditional conceptRasa (Taste)Tikta (Bitter), Katu (Pungent)
Virya (Potency)Sita (Cold)
Guna (Quality)Laghu (Light)
Vipaka
(Post digestive taste)		Katu (Pungent)
Karma
(General action)		Agnikrt (increasing digestive fire)
Dosakarma
(Action on dosa)		Decreases Kapha Pitta, increases Vata
Mala
(Action on excretory mechanism)		Grahi (constipative)
Avayava
(Action on organ)		Ahrdya (not good for heart)
Traditional usage1. Vomiting should be induced in patients having burning sensation and fever with leaf juice of Nimba (neem) mixed with honey and liquid jaggery.

2. Fumigation with leaf, root, flower, fruit and bark mixed with ghee is useful in fever.

3. Patola (Trichosanthes cucumerina), Nimba, tender leaves of Vata (Ficus benghalensis), Plaksa (Ficus spp.), Vetasa (Salix caprea) are useful as vegetable in intrinsic haemorrhage/hemorrhage.

4. Seed kernel is put in a bifurcated big radish cooked by closed heating. Then it is pounded and made into pills. This destroys piles.

5. One should take the juice of leaves of Dhattura (Datura metel) or Nimba mixed with honey. It is an excellent anthelmintic.

6. Tub bath should be taken with the decoction of Nimba, Ankota (Alangium salvifolium), Eranda (castor), Tarkari (Clerodendrum phlomidis), Kutaja (Holarrhena pubescens), Karanja (Pongamia pinnata), Banana (all leaves) in case of oedema.

7. By the regular use of leaves of Nimba and Amalaki (Phyllanthus emblica) fruit mixed with ghee, urticaria and skin diseases are alleviated.

8. One who swallows the paste of Nimba 80gm in the morning keeping on diet of wholesome items and ghee becomes free from severe "Vatarakta" (arthritic conditions).

9. Decoction of Patola and Nimba leaves mixed with honey pacifies Vatarakta. Nimba leaves pounded with sour gruel should be applied externally.

10. The combination of Nimba and Patola is efficacious in skin diseases in various forms.

11. In "Kustha" (skin diseases), if the part is wounded and eaten by maggots, Nimba and Vidanga (Embelia ribes) with cow''s urine should be used as bath, intake and anointment.

12. In case of emergence of maggots, one should take decoction of Nimba or Arka (Calotropis procera), Alarka (Calotropis gigantea), Saptaparna (Alstonia scholaris). In parts eaten by maggots paste of Karavira (Nerium indicum) root and Vidanga with cow's urine is useful.

13. One who uses one hundred Nimba leaves pounded with water for a year keeping on diet of flour becomes free from severe types of skin diseases.

14. One who takes Haritaki (Terminalia chebula) and Nimba or Nimba and Amalaka for a month overcomes all types of skin diseases.
15. Nimba juice should be used according to strength taking diet, on its digestion, of ghee and cereals with little soup. By this the person attains handsome body.

16. Fresh Nimba leaves should be swallowed with cold water in morning for a month abstaining from unwholesome diet. Thus skin diseases are destroyed.

17. Decoction of Nimba is specific remedy for "Surameha" (a type of polyuria).

18. Decoction of bark, leaves, root, fruit and flowers of Nimba, Aragvadha (Cassia fistula), Saptaparna, Murva (Marsdenia tenacissima), Kutaja, Katphala (Myrica esculenta) and Plaksa destroys all types of diabetes.

19. Pancanimba (five parts of neem) one part, Vrddhadaruka (Argyrea speciosa) two parts and parched grain flour ten parts mixed with sugar should be taken with cold water. It alleviates colic caused by Pitta and Kapha. Its powder taken with honey alleviates severe acid gastritis.

20. The patient of excessive thirst should be vomited with hot decoction of Nimba leaves.

21. Froth coming out of the leaves of Badari (Ziziphus mauritiana), Nimba should be applied externally on the affected part for burning sensation.

22. By external application of the froth of Nimba, thirst, burning sensation and mental confusion are pacified.

23. After blood letting, boils should be sprinkled with Nimba decoction.

24. Local application of the juice of Dhattura, Nimba and Betel leaves separately destroys skin diseases such as eczema, ring worm etc.

25. Anointment of the paste of Nimba and Aragvadha is useful in pimples.

26. Intake of ghee cooked with Nimba decoction and mixed with lime is efficacious in the above condition.

27. In greying of hairs, Nimba oil should be taken as a snuff for 1 month keeping on milk diet.

28. Seeds of Nimba are impregnated with juice of Bhrngaraja (Eclipta alba) and decoction of Asana (Pterocarpus marsupium) and oil extracted. It is taken as snuff keeping on the diet of milk and cereals. It eradicates the disease.

29. Rachis of Nimba leaves are pounded and put in water in an earthen vessel in the evening. This cold infusion is taken in morning. It relieves dysuria.

30. Decoction of Nimba leaves cleans the wound.

31. Nimba leaf mixed with honey acts as cleansing agent. Both of them added with ghee promote healing.

32. Paste of Nimba leaves and sesamum mixed with honey cleanses wound while mixed with ghee it acts as healing agent. The same is in respect of barley paste.

33. The paste of Nimba leaves, by external application, cleanses and heals the wound while by intake it alleviates vomiting, Kustha (Saussurea lappa), disorders of Pitta and Kapha and worms.

34. Nimba mixed with Hing (Ferula assa-foetida) should be applied on wounds.

35. Juice of Nimba fruit is rubbed in an iron pan and when slightly solidified it is applied to the lids. It removes the discharge in eyes.

36. Warm paste of Sunthi (dry ginger) and Nimba leaves added with a little rocksalt should be applied to eyes. It removes inflammation, itching and pain.

37. Powder of Nimba leaves mixed with Lodhra (Symplocos racemosa) powder is kept in a cotton pouch and dipped in water. The extract so obtained is dropped in eyes. It alleviates diseases of eye.

38. In excessive menstrual bleeding caused by Kapha, one should take Nimba and Guduci (Tinospora cordifolia) with wine.

39. Soups of Nimba, tips of Vetra (Calamus tenuis), Patola, Vartaka (Solanum melongena) and Amalaka added with Trikatu* (a group of three pungents) and rocksalt should be given to purify breast milk.

40. Nimba seeds taken with hot water neutralise the poison immediately.

41. One piece of peacock's flesh mixed with two leaves of Nimba should be taken when the sun comes in Mesa constellation. By this the person is protects from the poison for a year.

42. One suffering from jaundice should take cooled decoction of Triphala** (a group of three fruits), Guduci or Darvi (Berberis aristata) or Nimba mixed with honey in the morning.

43. Five parts of Nimba mixed with ghee are used for fumigation. It wards of diseases.

44. Fumigation with Guggulu (Commiphora wightii), Vaca (Acorus calamus), Kustha, hide of elephant and sheep and Nimba leaves mixed with honey and ghee alleviates fever particularly in children.

45. Decoction of the root bark of Nimba alleviates diseases of teeth.

46. Nimba stalk is used as a tooth brush.

47. In heart disease caused by Kapha the patient should be vomited with the decoction of Nimba and Vaca.

48. By washing frequently with decoction of Nimba and fumigating with Nimba bark, vagina becomes free from foul smell and sliminess and gets contracted.

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- Trikatu*, a group of three pungents, i.e., Pippali, Marica and Sunthi. It supports digestion and the overall gastric function.

- Triphala**, a group of three fruits, i.e., Amalaka, Bibhitaki and Haritaki. It is beneficial for increasing appetite, improving eyesight, and treating chronic intermittent fever.
FormulationNimbadi curna, Nimbarista, Nimbaharidrakhanda, Punarnavanimbadi kasaya, Pancanimba curna
CommentsLeaves are constipative, good for bleeding disorders, kapha, worms, skin diseases, causes rheumatic afflictions, good for eyes and wounds. Leaf stalk is good for respiratory disorders, worms, skin diseases, fever, eye diseases. Flower has similar qualities. Fruits are bitter in taste, pungent in post digestive effect, purgative, light, not rough, good for skin diseases, abdominal swelling, piles, worms, diabetic conditions. Ripe fruits are sweet, bitter, unctuous, good for bleeding disorders, Kapha, eye, injury, emaiciation, heavy, slimy. Fruit marrow is good for worms, skin diseases. Ripe leaves are good for wounds. This is included in the Kandughna and Tiktaskandha of Caraka and Aragvadhadi and Guducyadi and Laksadi group by Susruta.
ReferencesReference book　

Tips！

[2] Indian Medicinal Plants - A Compendium of 500 species, Varier, P.S., Orient Longman Ltd. Chennai (Madras)
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Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, 1956. Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L. and Chopra, I.C., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi. - New Edition (1996) National Institute Science Communication; Supplement
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Illustrated Manual of Herbal Drugs Used in Ayurveda, 1996. Sarin, Y.K., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research and Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi
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Ayurvedic Drugs and Their Plant Sources, 1994. Sivarajan, V.V. and Balachandran, I., Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
p 323.

Plants in Ayurveda (A Compendium of Botanical and Sanskrit Names), 1997. Abdul Kareem, M., Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore
193.

Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi
Vol. 2, pp 149-152.

Classical uses of Medicinal Plants, 1996. Sharma, P.V., Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi
p 210.

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