Crude drug sample data base

※Click on the image to enlarge it.
Crude drug name

Market nameHING NO-1
Formal nameHingu
Other names　　　

Tips！

Hing (T), Hing (B), Hing (H), Hing (K), Perungayama (M), Inguva, Ingumo (Te), Perungayam (Ta)
English nameAsafoetida, Asafetida
Original plant nameFerula assa-foetida Linn., Asafoetida, Asafetida
Family nameUmbelliferae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification gum
Collection informationIndia, Kolkata, West Bengal, Dr. Alok Kumar Daw
Collection date2000/12/19
CollectorKatsuko Komatsu
TMPW No.20552

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
Production area information
https://ethmed.toyama-wakan.net/img/pin_san.png
22.572646
88.36389499999996
Collection information
India,Kolkata, West Bengal
https://ethmed.toyama-wakan.net/img/pin_nyu.png

Scientific information data base

Crude drug nameAyurvedic name or
Sanskrit name, English name		Hingu, Asafoetida, Asafetida
SynonymsSahasravedhi, Jatuka, Bahlika, Ramatha, Atyugrarasa, Ugram, Satavedhi, Jantughna, Raksoghna, Supadhupanam, Jaranam, Jaturasa, Bastasimhikam, Bahlikodbhavam, Nigudhagandham Supestam, Niryasasrestam, Ugragandha, Bhutari, Diptam, Jaranam, Bhedanam, Agudhagandham.
crude drug image
※Click on the image to enlarge it.
Original plant nameFerula assa-foetida Linn.
Family nameUmbelliferae
Used partGum resin
Distribution areaA genus of perennial herbs distributed from the Mediterranean region to Central Asia, wild in Punjab, Kashmir, Iran and Afganistan.
RemarksCommon.
Common usesOleoresin is bitter, acrid, carminative, antispasmodic, expectorant, anthelmintic, diuretic, laxative, nervine tonic, digestive, sedative, galactagogue and emmenagogue. It is used in flatulent colic, dyspepsia, asthma, hysteria, caries, syphilis, eructation, constipation, chronic bronchitis, whooping cough, epilepsy, psychopathy, hepatopathy and splenopathy. This emits a strong alliaceous odour. It is extensively used in India for flavouring curries, sauces and pickles. It is also administered in hysterical and epileptic affections and in cholera. Medicinally, it stimulates the intestinal and respiratory tracts and the nervous system. It is often employed in veterinary medicine. It is used as an enema for intestinal flatulence. Some compounds of Ferula spp. have antifertility activity and have been used in contraceptive preparations.
Therapeutic usesAgnimandya (reduction of digestive fire), Anaha (flatulence), Ajirna (indigestion), Gulma (phantom tumors), Sula (colic), Udara (ascitic conditions), Murccha (loss of consciousness), Vibandha (constipation), Udavarta (disorder resulting due to suppresion of urges), Adhmana (distension of abdomen), Hrdamaya (cardiac diseases), Svasa (asthmatic conditions), Kasa (cough), Krmi (worm infestation).
Chemical constituentCoumarins
Assafoetidnol A (*C1), Assafoetidnol B (*C1), Gummosin (*C1, *C2), Polyanthin (*C1), Badrakemin (*C1), Neveskone (*C1), Samarcandin (*C1), Galbanic acid (*C1), Farnesiferol C (*C2, *C8), Episamarcandin (*C2), Conferol (*C2), Umbelliprenin (*C2), 3-O-acetylepisamarcandin (*C3), Assafoetidin (*C4), Ferocolicin (*C4), Foetidin (*C5), Asacoumarin A (*C6), Asacoumarin B (*C6),　Farnesiferol A (*C7), Farnesiferol B (*C8)

Sulfur containing compounds
Asadisulphide (*C6), (R)-2-Butyl-1-propenyl disulphide (*C9), 1-Propenyl disulphide (*C9), 2-Butyl-3-methylthioallyl sisulphide (*C9), Dimethyl trisulphide (*C9), 2-Butyl methyl disulphide (*C9), 2-Butyl methyl trisulphide (*C9), Di-2-butyl disulphide (*C9), Di-2-butyl trisulphide (*C9), Di-2-butyl tetrasulphide (*C9)

Chemical structure




※画像をクリックすると、拡大して表示されます。
Pharmacological effectMedicinally, it stimulates the intestinal and respiratory tracts and the nervous system.
Medical systemAyurveda (Traditional Indian medicine)
Traditional conceptRasa (Taste)Katu (Pungent)
Virya (Potency)Usna (Hot)
Guna (Quality)Laghu (Light), Snigdha (Unctuous), Tiksna (Sharp)
Vipaka
(Post digestive taste)		Katu (Pungent)
Karma
(General action)		Pacana (digestive), Agnidipanam (increases digestive fire), Rucya (improves taste), Pittavardhana (aggravates pitta), Balya (promotes strength), Hrdyam (cardiac diseases), Caksusya (good for eyes), Malastambhakara (constipative)
Dosakarma
(Action on dosa)		Decreases Kapha Vata, increases Pitta
Mala
(Action on excretory mechanism)		Malastambhakara (constipative)
Avayava
(Action on organ)		Hrdamaya (cardiac disorders), Caksusya (good for eyes)
Traditional usage1. For quartan fevers Hingu (Ferula assa-foetida) mixed with old ghee is advised for snuffing.

2. Hingu is the chief ingredient of "Hinguadi curna" (a formulation) and "Gutika" (tablet) used to treat phantom tumour/tumor.

3. Decoction of Sunthi (dry ginger), Eranda (castor) and barley added with Hingu and Puskaramula (Inula racemosa) or Hingu and Saurcala (a type of salt) is helpful in relieving colic.

4. Ghee cooked with Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri), Hingu and Coraka (Angelica glauca) is useful in treating insanity.

5. In dental caries, slightly heated Hingu should be kept.

6. Hingu is the chief ingredient in "Hinguadi taila" (a formulation) which is very beneficial in earache. It has to be instilled into the affected ear after warming.

7. Mustard oil cooked with Hingu, Tumbru (Zanthoxylum armatum) and Sunthi (dry ginger) should be used to fill in the ears in case of earache and tinnitus.

8. Saurcala (jaggery) mixed with Hingu and Marica (black pepper) should be given with wine and sour gruel till the patient regains consciousness.

9. "Hingugragandhadi curna" (a formulation) containing Hingu as the chief ingredient is very useful in "Udavarta" (disorder resulted out of suppression of natural urges).
FormulationHinguvacadi curna, Hingutriguna taila, Hinguvastaka curna, Rajapravartini vati, Hinguadi gutika, Yograja guggulu, Karanjadi yoga, Rasonavati.
Related drugsFerula foetida Regel, F. alliacea Boiss., F. rubricaulis Boiss., F. assa-foetida L. and F. narthex Boiss., used in Central Asia. F. narthex in Kashmir.
CommentsHingu is mentioned in Samjnasthapaniya, Dipaniya, Katukaskandha gana by Caraka. Susrutha includes it in Pippalyadi, Usakadi gana.

The exotic origin of Hingu is described in its synonym Ramatha (from ramatha), Bahlika (from bahlika). Ugrarasa means it has strong pungent taste. Satavedhi and sahasravedhi means it is piercing in action. Jatuka and jaturasa indicates that it is resinous in nature. Nigudhagandha and agudagandha indicate that it has obnoxious odour.

Hingu has to be used only after purification. Purification is carried out by two means. They are:
1. It has to be dissolved in eight parts of water and filtered. Later the filtrate is heated on mild fire to dryness.
2. In this, the mass is fried in cow's ghee till it becomes rough and coarse. Later it is powdered.

Some authors consider Ferula assa-foetida as Hingu and others consider F. narthex as hingu. In Ayurvedic Materia Medica it is said that paste or semi solid form is called bahlika and mass form is Hingu.
ReferencesReference book　

Tips！

[2] Indian Medicinal Plants - A Compendium of 500 species, Varier, P.S., Orient Longman Ltd. Chennai (Madras)
Vol. 3 (Repr.1996), pp 13-16.

Illustrated Manual of Herbal Drugs Used in Ayurveda, 1996. Sarin, Y.K., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research and Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi
p 332.

Plants in Ayurveda (A Compendium of Botanical and Sanskrit Names), 1997. Abdul Kareem, M., Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore
63.

Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi
Vol. 2, pp 350-354.

Classical uses of Medicinal Plants, 1996. Sharma, P.V., Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi
p 414.

Research paper*C1 Abd El-Razek, M. H., Ohta, S., Ahmed, A. A. and Hirata, T.; Phytochemistry, 58, 1289-95 (2001).
*C2 Nassar, M. I., Abu-Mustafa, E. A. and Ahmed, A. A.; Pharmazie, 50, 766-67 (1995).
*C3 Nassar, M. I. and Mohamed, T. K.; Fitoterapia, 69, 41-42 (1998).
*C4 Banerji, A., Maliiick, B., Chatterjee, A., Budzikiewicz, H. and Breuer, M.; Tetrahedron Lett., 29, 1557-60 (1988).
*C5 Buddrus, J., Bauer, H., Abu-Mustafa, E., Khattab, A., Mishaal, S., El-Khrisy, E. A. M. and Linscheid, M.; Phytochemistry, 24, 869-70 (1985).
*C6 Kajimoto, T., Yahiro, K. and Nohara, T.; Phytochemistry, 28, 1761-63 (1989).
*C7 Caglioti, L., Naef, H., Arigoni, D., Jeper, O.; Helv. Chim. Acta, 41, 2278-87 (1958).
*C8 Caglioti, L., Naef, H., Arigoni, D., Jeper, O.; Helv. Chim. Acta, 42, 2257-70 (1958).
*C9 Rajanikanth, B., Ravindranath, B. and Shankaranarayana, M. L.; Phytochemistry, 23, 899-900 (1984).
RemarksAsafoetida occurs in commerce in three forms, viz., tears, mass and paste. Tears, constituting the purest form of the resin, are rounded or flattened, 5-30 mm in diameter and greyish or dull yellow in colour. Two types are recognized according as the tears retain the original colour for years or gradually become dark or reddish brown. Mass asafoetida is the common commercial form. It consists of tears agglutinated into a more or less uniform mass usually mixed with fragments of root, earth, etc. The paste form also contains extraneous matter. Asafoetida is adulterated with gum arabic, other gum-resins, rosin, gypsum, red clay, chalk, barley or wheat flour, slices of potatoes, etc. Asafoetida according to Indian Pharmacopoeia should not contain more than 15% ash and not less than 50% alcohol soluble matter. Commercial asafoetida is however grossly adulterated. Asafoetida is occasionally adulterated with soap stone or other earthy matter, chalk, scent and coloured resin gum. Purity of asafoetida can be judged by dissolving it in water and by burning. It dissolves and forms a milky white solution and burns with a bright flame on ignition.
Last renewal date2023/12/20
[close the window]