Crude drug sample data base
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Crude drug name | Market name | Lunuwila |
|---|---|---|
| Formal name | Aindri | |
Other names Tips！ | Lunuwila (Sin), Brahmi-sak (B), Brahmi (H), Neerbrahmi (K), Brahmi (M), Sambranicettu (Te), Neerbrahmi (Ta) | |
| English name | Thyme-leaved Gratiola | |
| Original plant name | Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell, Thyme-leaved Gratiola | |
| Family name | Scrophulariaceae | |
| Used part | Classification | Plant origin | Sub classification | whole plant |
| Collection information | Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, Colombo , Ayurveda Cooperation | |
| Collection date | 1983/02/ | |
| TMPW No. | 1608 | |
The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative
location of its administrative area is indicated.
location of its administrative area is indicated.
Production area information
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6.9270786
79.86124300000006
Collection information
Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka,Colombo
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Scientific information data base
| Crude drug name | Ayurvedic name or Sanskrit name, English name | Aindri, Thyme-leaved Gratiola | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Synonyms | Medhajanani, Rasadhika, Saptala, Yavatikta, Phenavati, Jaluka, Sarasvati, Soma, Satyahva, Brahmacarini, Kapotavanga, Somavalli, Saumya, Divyateja, Mahausadhi, Kapotavega, Brahmasuvarcala. | ||||
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| Original plant name | Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell | ||||
| Family name | Scrophulariaceae | ||||
| Used part | Whole plant | ||||
| Distribution area | Occurs in marshy places in India. | ||||
| Remarks | Common | ||||
| Common uses | This drug is astringent, laxative, carminative, digestive, antiinflammatory, anticonvulsant, depuartive, cardiotonic, bronchodilator, diuretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge and tonic. It is useful in inflammations, ulcers, dyspepsia, flatulence, constipation, asthma, bronchitis, hoarseness, strangury, skin disease, elephantiasis, sterility, fever, dysmenorrhoea/dysmenorrhea, neuralgia, epilepsy, insanity, phthisis, leprosy, leucoderma, syphilis, splenic disorders, poisonous affections and general debility. It is a diuretic, aperient and a mild purgative, especially given to children. Leaf juice is given to children for relief in bronchitis and diarrhoea/diarrhea. Juice of the fresh stems and leaves is used as a snake bite remedy. A special preparation of it with gold and other ingredients is given to increase strength, memory, voice, brain and sexual power. Paste of the leaves is used as a remedy for rheumatism. | ||||
| Therapeutic uses | Ajirna (indigestion), Pandu (anemia), Krmi (worm infestation), Kasa (cough), Sopha (oedema), Vatarakta (Vata vitiating the blood), Jvara (fever), Visa (poisoning), Aruci (anorexia), Svasa (asthmatic conditions), Unmada (schizophrenia), Apasmara (epilepsy). | ||||
| Chemical constituent | Triterpenoids Bacosine (*C1, *C3), Betulinic acid (*C14) Triterpenoid saponins Bacoside A2 (*C2), Bacoside A1 (*C4, *C7), Bacoside A3 (*C4, *C6), Bacopasaponin A (*C9), Bacopasaponin B (*C9), Bacopasaponin C (*C9),Bacopasaponin D (*C5), Bacopaside I (*C10). Bacopaside II (*C10), Bacopaside III (*C12, *C13), Bacopasaponin G (*C12), Bacopaside IV (*C13), Bacopaside V (*C13) Sterols Bacosterol (*C3) Steroid saponins & Sapogenins Bacogenin A5 (*C8) Flavones & Flavonols 5-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-7-yl-beta-D-glocopyranosiduronic acid (*C11), 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-Hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-7-yl-beta-D-glocopyranosiduronic acid (*C11), Wogonin (*C14) Tannins Bacopaside B (*C12), Bacopaside C (*C12), Sulfur containing compounds Bacopaside A (*C12) Others Oroxindin (*C14) | ||||
| Pharmacological effect | A clinical report showed that this drug is an antianxiety agent having adaptogenic effect. It exhibits barbiturate hypnosis potentiation effect in albino rats. Brahmine is highly toxic when administered at a dose of 0.5mg/kg body weight of cat, it produces a fall in blood pressure. In therapeutic doses, it resembles strychnine. Hersaponin is reported to possess cardiotonic, sedative and spasmodic properties. It produced mild inhibitory effect in vitro on respiration of rat brain which was partially reduced by LSD-25 and potentiated by 5-HT.an alcoholic extract of the plant, in a dose of 50mg/kg produced tranquilising effect on albino rats and dogs but the action was weaker than that produced by chlorpromazine. An ethanolic extract (50%) of the plant exhibited anticancer activity against Walker carcinosarcoma 256 in rats. Administration of aqueous suspension of an alcoholic extract (40mg/kg.p.o.) for three or four days is reported to improve the performance of rats in various learning situation. | ||||
| Medical system | Ayurveda (Traditional Indian medicine) | ||||
| Traditional concept | Rasa (Taste) | Tikta (Bitter) | |||
| Virya (Potency) | Usna (Hot) | ||||
| Guna (Quality) | Laghu (Light) | ||||
| Vipaka (Post digestive taste) | Katu (Pungent) | ||||
| Prabhava (Special action) | Medhya (improves intelligence) | ||||
| Karma (General action) | Dipani (increases digestive fire), Jantughna (anthelmintic), Medhya (improves intelligence), Rasayani (rejuvenative), Svarya (improves voice), Saraka (laxative), Hrdya (good for heart). | ||||
| Dosakarma (Action on dosa) | Decreases Kapha Vata | ||||
| Avayava (Action on organ) | Hrdya (good for heart) | ||||
| Traditional usage | 1. Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri), Kusmanda (Benincasa hispida) fruit, Vaca (Acorus calamus) and Sankhapuspi (Convolvulus pluricaulis) juice of these separately mixed with Kustha (Saussurea lappa) and honey removes insanity. Old ghee processed with the same ingredients alleviates insanity, inauspiciousness, and sinful conditions. 2. One should use oil and garlic, Brahmi juice, Kustha and Vaca with honey to alleviate epilepsy. 3. Pancagavya ghrta mixed with Brahmi juice should be used for promoting intellect. 4. Brahmi, Mandukaparni (Centella asiatica), Triphala* (a group of three fruits), Citraka (Plumbago zeylanica), Vaca, Satapuspa (Anethum sowa), Satavari (Asparagus racemosus), Nagabala (Grewia hirsuta) should be taken with honey and ghee for promoting intellect in paediatric management. 5. Juice of Brahmi mixed with honey should be taken in pox. --- Triphala*, a group of three fruits, i.e., Amalaka, Bibhitaki, and Haritaki. It is beneficial for increasing appetite, improving eyesight, and treating chronic intermittent fever. | ||||
| Formulation | Brahmi ghrta, Brahmirasayana. | ||||
| Comments | Aindri (Bacopa monnieri) is included in Balya and Prajasthapana gana by Caraka. It is considered to be Aindri in Dravyagunavijnana but in Kerala, Citrullus colocynthis is considered as Aindri. In Kerala, brahmi is identified as Bacopa monnieri and is sometimes called nirbrahmi also. In North India however brahmi is commonly identified as Centella asiatica. The author of Indian Medicinal Plants opines that mandukaparni should be considered as Centella asiatica and brahmi as Bacopa monnieri. Rajanighantu also describes about another variety of brahmi called laghubrahmi. It is called sarasvati as it improves intelligence. | ||||
| References | Reference book Tips！ | [2] Indian Medicinal Plants - A Compendium of 500 species, Varier, P.S., Orient Longman Ltd. Chennai (Madras) Vol. 1 (Repr.1996), pp 235-239. Ayurvedic Drugs and Their Plant Sources, 1994. Sivarajan, V.V. and Balachandran, I., Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi p 97. Medicinal plants (Indigenous and exotic) used in Ceylon, Vols. 1-5, 1982. Jayaweera, D.M.A., The National Science Council of Sri Lanka, Colombo Vol. 5, p 73. Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi Vol. 2, pp 6-8. Classical uses of Medicinal Plants, 1996. Sharma, P.V., Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi p 271. | |||
| Research paper | *C1 Vohora, S. B., Khanna, T., Arthu, M. and Ahmad, B.; Fitoterapia, 68, 361-65 (1997). *C2 Rastogi, S. and Kulshreshtha, D. K.; Indian J. Cjem. Sect. B: Org. Chem. Incl. Med. Chem., 38B, 353-56 (1999). *C3 Ahmad, B. and Rahman, A.; Indian J. Chem. Sect. B: Org. Chem. Incl. Med. Chem., 39B, 620-25 (2000). *C4 Mahato, S. B.; Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, 23, 387-529 (2000). *C5 Garai, S., Mahato, S. B., Ohtani, K. and Yamasaki, K.; Phytochemistry, 43, 447-49 (1996). *C6 Rastogi, S., Pal, R. and Kulshreshtha, D. K.; Phytochemistry, 36, 133-37 (1994), *C7 Jain, P. and Kulshreshtha, D. K.; Phytochemistry, 33, 449-51 (1993). *C8 Rastogi, S., Pal, R. and Kulshreshtha, D. K.; Indian J. Heterocycl. Chem., 2, 149-50 (1993). *C9 Garai, S., Mahato, S. B., Ohtani, K. and Yamasaki, K.; Phytochemistry, 42, 815-20 (1996). *C10 Chakravarty, A. K., Sarkar, T., Masuda, K., Shiojima, K., Nakane, T. and Kawahara, N.; Phytochemistry, 58, 553-56 (2001). *C11 Proliac, A., Chabaud, A. and Raynaud, J.; Pharm. Acta. Helv., 66, 153-54 (1991). *C12 Hou, C. C., Lin, S. J., Cheng, J. T. and Hsu, F. L.; J. Nat. Prod., 65, 1759-63 (2002). *C13 Chakraverty, A. K., Garai, S., Masuda, K., Nakane, T. and Kawahara, N.; Chem. Pharm. Bull., 51, 215-17 (2003). *C14 Chaudhuri, P. K., Srivastawa, R., Kumar, S. and Kumar, S.; Phytother. Res., 18, 114-17 (2004). | ||||
| Last renewal date | 2024/01/16 | ||||
