Crude drug sample data base
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Crude drug name | Market name | Cabe Jawa |
|---|---|---|
| Other names | Sumatera: lada panjang; Java: cabean, cabe alas, cabe jawa, cabe sula (Javanese), cabi jamo, cabi.onggu, cabi solah (Madurese), Celebes: cabia [201, 204] | |
| English name | Javanese long pepper | |
| Original plant name | Piper retrofractum Vahl, Javanese long pepper | |
| Family name | Piperaceae | |
| Used part | Classification | Plant origin | Sub classification | fruit |
| Collection information | Republic of Indonesia, National Institute of Health Res.& Dev. | |
| Collection date | 1994/02/26 | |
| Collector | Katsuko Komatsu, et al. | |
| Identifier | Mangestuti Agil | |
| TMPW No. | 14146 | |
Scientific information data base
| Crude drug name | Indonesian name, English name | Cabe, Javanese long pepper | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Synonyms | Cabe jawa | |||||
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| Original plant name | Piper retrofractum Vahl | |||||
| Family name | Piperaceae | |||||
| Used part | Fruits | |||||
| Distribution area | It occurs wild from Thailand, Indo-China, Malaysia and the Philippines to the Moluccas, and occurs semi-wild in the Ryukyu Islands. It occurs throughout Indonesia. In Java it grows up to 600 m altitude along the coasts on dry infertile soil and in forests [201, 204]. | |||||
| Description | Berries connate and adnate to stalk of bract, broadly rounded, hard and pungent when green, becoming soft and sweet and finally bright red-brown when fully mature, often covered with a grey dust. Seed globose, 2-2.5 mm in diameter, white and mealy inside. Dried fruits are grey to dark brown or black in color, oval cylindric form 2-7 cm long with a diameter of 4-8 mm. Odour: aromatic, specific; taste: pungent and hot The plant is a perennial, soft, woody, dioecious herb, creeping or climbing with adhesive roots, up to 10 m long. Stem cylindrical, glabrous with prominent nodes. Leaves simple, alternate, blade ovate to oblong, coriaceous, apex tapering or acuminate, base cordate,obtuse or cuneate, margin entire, basal nerve 3-5. Spikes erect or patent [204]. | |||||
| Drug effect | Hot, warming, improving blood circulation [231]. | |||||
| Specific actions | Stomachic, carminative, expectorant, sudorific, diuretic, cholagoge [231]. | |||||
| Frequency in use | Abundant. | |||||
| Common uses | Cabe Jawa is also famous as an ingredient of Bandrek, a traditional Indonesian tonic drink which is hot and pungent. Bandrek is used as a diaphoretic [201]. | |||||
| Pharmacological effect | Spasmolytic activity: fruit extract reduced the contraction of isolated rat ileums and inhibited the activity of acetylcholine [218]. Piper retrofractum Vahl (Piperaceae), showed a high level of activity against mosquito larvae [PMID:16599152]. | |||||
| Medical system | Indonesian medicine (Jamu) | |||||
| Traditional usage | Applied as a tonic and against a variety of digestive and intestinal disorders, and as aphrodisiac. Fruit of P. retrofractum, aluin, bark of Alyxia reinwardtii, rhizome of Zingiber purpureum are mixed and applied externally on the abdomen after childbirth. It is used as a stomachicum, carminative, expectorant, sudorific, diuretic and cholagogue [PMID:16599152]. The fruits are used very frequently in combination with other ingredients of traditional Indonesian jamu, especially those which can help in alleviating or reducing muscle stiffness, relieve back pain. Decoction of the leaves is used as a gargle to treat toothache. Balinese and Javanese people used the fruit to strengthen the abdomen, cure abdominal spasm and against wind. They also used it as a poultice to treat beri-beri [201]. | |||||
| Formulation | 1) Tonic: 1-2 grams of fruit of P. retrofractum, 7 grams of rhizomes of Zingiber zerumbet, water, are pounded and squeezed. Drink 1/4 cup of the juice once a day and repeat until recover [231]. 2) Antitussive: One handful or 10-15 fruits decoction or half of dried-grind with lime juice and salt for cough, swab throat or sip decoction as required [218]. | |||||
| References | Reference book Tips！ | [201] K. Heyne, Tumbuhan Berguna Indonesia, Vols. 1-4, 1987. Diedarkan Oleh Koperasi Karyawan Departemen Kehutanan, Jakarta, Indonesia. Vol. 2, p 641. [204] de Guzman, C.C. and Siemonsma, J.S. (Editors), 1999. Plant Resources of South-East Asia No. 13 Species. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, Netherlands. pp 183-186. [218] Kardono L.B.S., Artanti N., Dewiyanti I.D., Basuki T., Padmawinara K.: Selected Indonesian Medicinal Plants. Monographs and Descriptions. P.T. Gramedia Widiasarana, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2003. pp 390-391, 395. [231] Soedibyo, Mooryati: Alam Sumber Kesehatan: Manfaat dan Kegunaan (Natural resources for health. Benefits and uses). Balai Pustaka. 1998. pp 104-105. | ||||
| Research paper | 1. Chansang U, Zahiri NS, Bansiddhi J, Boonruad T, Thongsrirak P, Mingmuang J, Benjapong N, Mulla MS. Mosquito larvicidal activity of aqueous extracts of long pepper (Piper retrofractum Vahl) from Thailand. J Vector Ecol. ;30(2):195-200, 2005. (PMID: 16599152) | |||||
| Remarks | It has an agreeable aromatic taste but is more pungent than black pepper. In Java (Indonesia) it is mainly collected from the wild. [DNA sequences] EU581602, EF060069, EF060080, EF060081 | |||||
| Last renewal date | 2024/03/04 | |||||
