Crude drug sample data base

※Click on the image to enlarge it.
Crude drug name

Market nameGelan (Gelam)
Formal nameGelam
Other namesJava: gelam (Javanese), galam (Sundanese), ghelam (Madurese); Celebes: baru galang (Ujung Pandang); Mollucas: ai kelane (Ambon); elan (Buru) [201]Fruit: bolong-bolong, marica bolong (Javanese); ghelam lobang, lung-bhulung, lung-ghulung (Madurese) [201]
English nameCajeput
Original plant nameMelaleuca leucadendra (L.) Linn.
Family nameMyrtaceae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification fruit
Collection informationRepublic of Indonesia, West Java Province
Collection date1995/--/--
CollectorMasao Hattori
IdentifierMangestuti Agil
TMPW No.19205

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
Production area information
https://ethmed.toyama-wakan.net/img/pin_san.png
-6.9174639
107.61912280000001
Collection information
Republic of Indonesia,West Java Province
https://ethmed.toyama-wakan.net/img/pin_nyu.png

Scientific information data base

Crude drug nameIndonesian name,
English name		Gelam, Cajeput
Synonyms Buah gelam (fruit:); Kayu putih, Kayu gelam (wood)
crude drug image
More
※Click on the image to enlarge it.
Original plant nameMelaleuca leucadendra (L.) Linn.
Family nameMyrtaceae
Used partFruits, leaves
Distribution areaIt occurs throughout Indonesia in lowland and highland; they grow gregariously without intercroppings with other plants and can be found in the mountainous regions in almost all Moluccan Islands of Buru, Seram and Ambon. Those are the natural population of M. cajuputi in eastern Indonesia. The plants have been planted in Central Java since 1926 for oil production, using seed from Buru [201, 206].
DescriptionThe fruit is a cup-shaped to globose with many-seeded capsule, 3-3.5 mm x 3.5-4 mm, orifice 1.5-2 mm in diameter with thin valves. Seeds are linear and minute.
The plant is a single-stemmed tree up to 25(- 40) m tall. Bark layered, fibrous and papery, grey to white. Leaves alternate, flat, silky hairy to glabrescent; blade elliptical to lanceolate-elliptical. Inflorescence a terminal or upper-axillary spike [206].
Wood is rather hard, heavy, fibrous, grayish-white and rather red. It is generally used for posts, poles, piles. The timber is suitable for general construction and flooring. The soft bark is used as a packing material, in boat-building, filling mattresses or pillows and for insulation. Seeds, locally called ''sari bolong'', have betle leaf-like forms and are used as ingredients in Indonesian traditional medicine [201, 206].
Frequency in useAbundant
Common usesCajeput oil is commonly used as an insect repellent. It is also used as a fragrance in soaps, cosmetics, detergents and perfumes and as a massage oil [206].
Pharmacological effectThe essential oil of Melaleuca leucadendra possessed antimicrobial and antifungal activities. The effects of the essential oil on the antioxidant system status in carbon tetrachloride treated animals were studied [PMID:14750197].
Medical systemIndonesian medicine (Jamu)
Traditional usageIt is used together with other ingredients in some traditional medicine for stomach disorders. In the mixtures, it is always combined with leaves of Baeckea frutescens L. [201].
The leaves possess antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anodyne properties and are used traditionally against pain, burns, colds, influenza and dyspepsia.
Cajeput oil from the leaves is used commonly in every household for treating cough, colds, stomach cramps, colic, asthma, headache. In the liniment or ointments the oil is used for the relief of neuralgia and rheumatism. It also is used to treat cuts, burnt, as a lubricant in muscle spasms, headache [201, 206].
Dried fruits are used as one ingredients in a drink which can be used to treat and improve stomach disorders [201, 206].
Formulation1) Painful joints [liniment]:
 10 pieces of roots of papaya (size of an adult finger each), 1 tablespoon of salt, 2 tablespoons of cajuput oil are mixed, add alcohol 70% and keep in a stoppered-bottle. Put the bottle under sun light for 10 days. Apply the liniment to the affected areas [231].
SubstituteCajeput oil is adulterated with kerosene or fatty oils. Foam formation on violent shaking indicates such adulteration [206].
ReferencesReference book　

Tips！

[201] K. Heyne, Tumbuhan Berguna Indonesia, Vols. 1-4, 1987. Diedarkan Oleh Koperasi Karyawan Departemen Kehutanan, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Vol. 3, pp 1529-1534.

[206] L.P.A. Oyen and Nguyen Xuan Dung (Editors), 1999. Plant Resources of South-East Asia No. 19. Essential-oil plants. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, Netherlands.
p 126.

[231] Soedibyo, Mooryati: Alam Sumber Kesehatan: Manfaat dan Kegunaan (Natural resources for health. Benefits and uses). Balai Pustaka. 1998.
p 196.

Research paper1. Farag RS, Shalaby AS, El-Baroty GA, Ibrahim NA, Ali MA, Hassan EM. Chemical and biological evaluation of the essential oils of different Melaleuca species. Phytother Res., 18(1):30-5. (PMID: 14750197)
RemarksThe two principal centers of production of cajeput oil are Indonesia and Vietnam. In Indonesia, commercial oils are produced both from natural stands in the Moluccas and from plantations in Java. An estimate of 90 t of oil are produced annually on Buru, Seram, Ambon and adjacent islands. Production from an estimated 9000 ha of government-owned plantations in Java amounted to approximately 280 t in 1993. Cajeput oil is purchased and sold in three grades in Mollucas; the grading depends on where the tree are grown. Grade 1 oil of 55-65% cineole content comes from hillside trees. Grade 2 0il of 20-55% cineole content comes from trees on lower sites, grade 3 oil comes from locations that produce oils of very low cineole content. Commercial cajeput oil is derived mostly from the cineole-rich form [206].
The future for the cajeput oil industry looks bright in Indonesia where demand for the oil consistently exceeds supply [206].
''Kayu'' means wood.
Last renewal date2024/03/06
[close the window]