Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market nameKunir
Other namesJava: kunir (Javanese), Koneng (Sundanese), konyek, temu koneng (Madurese); Celebes: kunyi (Makasar), unyi (Bugis) [201]
English nameTurmeric
Original plant nameCurcuma longa Linn., Turmeric
Family nameZingiberaceae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification rhizome
Production area informationRepublic of Indonesia, Central Java Province
Collection informationRepublic of Indonesia, East Java Province
Collection date2010/09/17
CollectorKatsuko Komatsu, et al.
TMPW No.27143

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
-7.0051453
110.43812539999999
Production area information
Republic of Indonesia,Central Java Province
https://ethmed.toyama-wakan.net/img/pin_san.png
-7.2574719
112.75208829999997
Collection information
Republic of Indonesia,East Java Province
https://ethmed.toyama-wakan.net/img/pin_nyu.png

Scientific information data base

Crude drug nameIndonesian name,
English name		Kunyit, Turmeric
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Original plant nameCurcuma longa Linn.
Family nameZingiberaceae
Used partRhizome
Distribution areaIt is originate from South or South- East Asia, most probably from India. It occurs elsewhere in Java, especially in teak forests [201].
DescriptionDense clump of rhizomes consists of primary tuber at the base of each aerial stem, numerous lateral rhizomes, rhizome inside and outside bright orange, young tips white with a spicy smell when bruised. Leafy shoots bearing alternate, distichous leaves surrounded by bladeless sheaths.
The plant is a robus, perennial,erect, tillering herb, up to 1 m tall [204].
Drug effectAstringent, cooling, blood cleanser, improving blood circulation [231].
Specific actionsCholagogue, stomachic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, choleretic [231].
Frequency in useAbundant
Common usesThe major use is as a culinary spice. It is widely used as a spice and food coloring in Indonesian food [201]. Young shoots and young rhizomes can be eaten fresh as a spicy vegetable. Usually the lateral rhizomes are used for culinary purpose and the primary ones are for medicinal purpose. It is also used as a coloring agent for pandan leaves, rattan and bamboos; a darker color will be obtained by adding lime [201, 204].
Side effectUnknown
Pharmacological effectCurcumin is responsible for the biological actions of Curcuma longa. In vitro, it exhibits anti-parasitic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and gastrointestinal effects, inhibits carcinogenesis and cancer growth. In vivo, there are experiments showing the anti-parasitic, anti-inflammatory by parenteral and oral application in animal models [PMID: 11500779].

Ar-turmerone isolated from turmeric suppressed the growth of leukaemia cell lines, resulted from the induction of apoptosis by this compound [PMID: 11956652].

Extracts of herbs (including turmeric) may provide a safe and effective adjunctive therapeutic approach for the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The study is conducted using in vitro models that use human chondrocytes/cartilages explants or in clinical trials [PMID: 16136208].
Medical systemIndonesian medicine (Jamu)
Traditional usageIt is used internally for the treatment of fever, dyspnea, diarrhoea/diarrhea, stomachic, tonic, common cold, jaundice, promote the discharge of blood remains after childbirth and ease premenstrual syndrome, skin problems (sore, boil, ulcer, etc.)
It has cooling and cleansing properties; it can alleviate itches and cure spasms.
Decoction of a mixture with Uncaria gambier is used as a gargle for inflamed gums. Ointment made from a mixture of the rhizome with fruit pulp of Tamarindus indica is used to treat wounds. Crushed roots are used externally to treat inflammation and rheumatism.
Vapour obtained from heated rhizomes are used to facilitate the expulsion of mucus in patients suffered from influenza.
The decoction is used to wash suppurate eyelids to ease the pain.
A mixture of the rhizome with lime and catechu fruit is crushed and squeezed, it is used to treat breathing difficulties.
Turmeric is a good medicine for liver problems, including jaundice and cirrhosis. A mixture with honey is good for jaundice.
Primary tubers is good for treating kidney stones; a decoction of a mixture with rhizomes of Acorus calamus and dilute vinegar promotes the discharge of blood remains after childbirth.
Turmeric is used at the end of monthly menstruation periodes as a cleanser, treating white vaginal discharge and post natal care. It is combined with lime and betle leaves to make a poultice for wounds and other skin disorders.
A combination with coconut oil is used as a liniment and is rubbed on the skin every day, especially among women. Crushed roots in water is used as a soap.
An ointment is made from a combination of turmeric with rhizomes of Zingiber purpureum and coconut oil; the ointment is applied against swollen feet.
To treat fever and liver inflammation, the rhizome is mixed and crushed with flowers of Michelia champaca and Jasminum sambac [201].
Formulation1) Fever:
 20 grams of grated fresh rhizome and 1/2 glass of boiled water is squeezed. Drink the juice twice in the same amount, in the morning and evening [207].

2) Swollen feet:
 The rhizome is mixed with coconut oil and rhizome of Zingiber purpureum to make an ointment, apply on the affected areas [201].

3) Dysmenorrhea:
 1 rhizome of C. domestica (size of an adult finger), 7 pieces of fruits of Coriandrum sativum , 1 piece of flower bud of clove, Tamarindus indica pulp, a little nutmeg are boiled in 110 ml of water. Drink 100 ml of the decoction once a day. Repeat for 4 days prior to the menstruation date [231].
SubstituteUnknown
ReferencesReference book　

Tips！

[201] K. Heyne, Tumbuhan Berguna Indonesia, Vols. 1-4, 1987. Diedarkan Oleh Koperasi Karyawan Departemen Kehutanan, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Vol. 1, pp 595-598.

[204] de Guzman, C.C. and Siemonsma, J.S. (Editors), 1999. Plant Resources of South-East Asia No. 13 Species. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, Netherlands.
pp 111-115.

[207] Badan Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Kesehatan and Departemen Kesehatan, Kesejahteraan Sosial Ri. Vols. 1-5, Inventaris Tanaman Obat Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Vol. 1, Part 2 (2001), pp 103-10.

[231] Soedibyo, Mooryati: Alam Sumber Kesehatan: Manfaat dan Kegunaan (Natural resources for health. Benefits and uses). Balai Pustaka. 1998.
pp 230-231.

Research paper1. Ahmed S, Anuntiyo J, Malemud CJ, Haqqi TM. Biological basis for the use of botanicals in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: a review. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 2(3):301-8, 2005. (PMID: 16136208)

2. Aratanechemuge Y, Komiya T, Moteki H, Katsuzaki H, Imai K, Hibasami H. Selective induction of apoptosis by ar-turmerone isolated from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) in two human leukemia cell lines, but not in human stomach cancer cell line. Int. J. Mol. Med., 9(5):481-4, 2002. (PMID: 11956652)

3. Araujo CC, Leon LL. Biological activities of Curcuma longa L. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo. Cruz., 96(5):723-8, 2001. (PMID: 11500779)
Remarks[DNA sequences] AB557649, AB557650, AB557652, AB557653, AB557655, AB557656, AB557658, AB557659, AB557660, AB557661, AB557662, AB370927, AB370928, AB370929, AB370930, AB370931, AB370932, AB370933, AB370934, DQ445150, DQ445151

It is used in a vast number of jamu (Indonesian traditional medicine), and there is a growing trend in using it to control high cholesterol levels [201, 204].
Last renewal date2024/03/14
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