Crude drug sample data base
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Crude drug name | Market name | Ban lasun |
|---|---|---|
| Formal name | Rasona | |
Other names Tips！ | Sudu-lunu, Hela-lunu (Sin), Lashan (B), Lasun (H), Bellulli (K), Vellulli (M), Vellulli (Te), Vellai poontu (Ta), Lasun (N) | |
| English name | Garlic | |
| Original plant name | Allium sativum Linn., Garlic | |
| Family name | Liliaceae | |
| Used part | Classification | Plant origin | Sub classification | bulb (corm) |
| Collection information | Kingdom of Nepal, Kathmandu , Kilagal tole M.G.M. Shakya | |
| Collection date | 1991/04/28 | |
| Collector | Tsuneo Namba, et al. | |
| TMPW No. | 14683 | |
The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative
location of its administrative area is indicated.
location of its administrative area is indicated.
Production area information
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27.7172453
85.3239605
Collection information
Kingdom of Nepal,Kathmandu
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Scientific information data base
| Crude drug name | Ayurvedic name or Sanskrit name, English name | Rasona, Garlic | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Synonyms | Lasuna, Ugragandha, Yavanesta, Mahakanda, Grnjana, Dirghapatraka, Prthupatra, Sthulakandha, Mahausadha, Arista, Mlecchakanda | ||||
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| Original plant name | Allium sativum Linn. | ||||
| Family name | Liliaceae | ||||
| Used part | Dried bulbs | ||||
| Distribution area | Garlic appears to have been cultivated in all parts of the world from the earliest times. In Ceylon, it is cultivated in the up country districts. It occurs in a semi wild state in the Mediterranean regions. | ||||
| Remarks | Common | ||||
| Common uses | Garlic is a stimulant, carminative, anthelmintic, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, anodyne, aphrodisiac, anticholesterol, antibacterial and antifungal and is used in the treatment of cough, whooping cough, bronchitis, asthma, fever, flatulence, dropsy, colic, duodenal ulcers, amoebic dysentery, hysteria, infantile convulsions, asthma, facial paralysis, gout and sciatica, leucoderma, leprosy and dental caries. It is a gastric stimulant and aids in the digestion and absorption of food. It has a special influence in controlling the bronchial and pulmonary secretions. It is also used as antitubercular drug and in epilepsy. Garlic reduces the blood sugar levels. Garlic is an effective long term preventive treatment for all rheumatic and catarrhal conditions. | ||||
| Therapeutic uses | Krmi (worm infestation), Gulma (phantom tumours/tumors), Hrdroga (heart diseases), Jirna jvara (chronic fever), Kuksi sula (pain in the abdomen), Vibandha (constipation), Aruci (anorexia), Kasa (cough), Kustha (skin diseases), Durnama (polyps), Paksaghata (hemiplegia), Grdhrasi (sciatica), Sandhi vata (joint pains), Agnimandya (reduced digestive fire), Ajirna (indigestion), Bhagna (fractures). | ||||
| Chemical constituent | Sulfur containing compounds Allicin (*C1, *C2) Others Alliin lyase (*C3) | ||||
| Pharmacological effect | Diallyl monosulfide has anticarcinogenic property. Diallyl di and tri sulfides are known to have platelet aggregation inhibitory effects. Diallyl tetra-, penta-, hexa-, and hepta sulfides have extremely high potencies as antioxidants. Compound 1 showed a significant inhibition of in-vitro platelet aggregation induced by ADP and epinephrine. Adenosine showed a significant inhibitory activity against both the primary and secondary wave aggregation of human platelet induced by 2 μM ADP. The garlic oil showed antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro and in vivo. The aqueous extract of the bulbs and allicin both showed significant in vitro antibacterial activity against Shigella dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. sonnei and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. The extract also showed ovicidal activity against Heno-sepilachna vigintioctopunctata Fabs. Histopathological studies indicated retardative effect of garlic on the development of atherosclerosis, hypocholesterolemic and antiatherosclerotic effect in goats Allin, the volatile oil, S-allyl mercaptocystein and S-metyhlmercaptocysteine were found to possess hepatoprotective activity. Garlic extract prevented formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and fluorescent substances during lipid peroxidation of rat liver microsomes and thus maintain membrane fluidity. Significant rise in urea and D-aspartate amino transferase and inhibition of alkaline phosphatase serum were observed in rats fed with garlic extract. Feeding of garlic oil after 24 hour fasting was found lethal. The cause of death appears to be acute pulmonary oedema. Aqueous garlic extract and the polar thiosulfinate fractions were evaluated for these effects on the immune function of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. The aq. Extract and the polar fraction increased interleukin-1 production. The tropical application of garlic extract twice daily for three days every week in random bread, 6-7 weeks old, male swiss albino mice, it showed chemopreventive activity on 7, 12-dimethylbenzanthracene induced complete skin carcinogenesis system. S-allyl cysteine sulfoxide is the precursor of allicin and effects in alloxan diabetic rats. Fresh sap and rehydrated dry powder of the bulbs inhibited the activity of the enzyme adenosine deaminase. The antiarthritic activity of the garlic is enhanced when borax is mixed in the oil. Garlic is an antifertility drug showing oxytropic activity. Garlic produces anti-inflammatouy activity against formalin induced arthritis in albino rats. A concentrate containing the active principle, allicin and allinase proved effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Garlic juice containing allicin has been used in the laboratory experiments to stop the growth of cancer in mice. In rabbits with mild alloxan diabetes orally given garlic extract exhibited hypoglycaemic activity comparable to that of tolbutamide. It improves glucose tolerance significantly and increases serum insulin. Metallic complexes of allicin are reported to be active against gram positive and gram-negative bacteria and against some of the fungi. Supplementation of garlic to cholesterol fed rabbits revealed significant lower levels of total, free, ester cholesterol and phospholipids resulting in a lower degree of atherosclerosis. The essential oil of garlic as such had significant prevention action on fat induced alimentary hyperlipdaemia and prevented decrease in fibrinolytic activity and coagulation time. The hypolipaemic activity of garlic is supposed to be brought about by the increased excretion of cholesterol end-products in the faeces and by the diminished endogenous synthesis of cholesterol. Garlic therapy in the leprosy significantly alters the bacteriological index and improves the clinical condition of the patients. Because of the antibacterial activity, garlic is widely used in intestinal disorders and in number of infectious diseases. | ||||
| Medical system | Ayurveda (Traditional Indian medicine) | ||||
| Traditional concept | Virya (Potency) | Usna (Hot) | |||
| Guna (Quality) | Snigdha (Unctuous), Tiksna (Sharp), Picchila (Slimy), Guru (Heavy), Sara (Fluid) | ||||
| Vipaka (Post digestive taste) | Katu (Pungent) | ||||
| Karma (General action) | Dipana (appetiser), Pacana (helps in digestion), Balya (promotes strength), Vrsya (aphrodisiac), Medhakara (improves intelligence), Svarakara (good for voice), Varnakara (gives complexion), Caksusya (good for eyes), Bhagna asthi sandhanakara (helps in union of fractured bones), Rasayana (rejuvenative), Brmhana (increases weight), Kanthya (good for throat) | ||||
| Dosakarma (Action on dosa) | Decreases Kapha Vata, increases Pitta | ||||
| Dhatukarma(Action on body tissues) | vitiates blood | ||||
| Avayava (Action on organ) | Hrdaya (heart), Kantha (throat), Caksusya (good for eyes), Kanthya (good for throat) | ||||
| Traditional usage | 1. Rasona (garlic) paste is used in "paksaghata" (paralysis), "sandhivata" (joint pains), "grdhrasi" (sciatica) and "vatarogas" (disorders of vata). 2. Rasona mixed with oil should be used before meals for indigestion, loss of appetite, pain in the abdomen, worm infestation. 3. Rasona helps in malarial fever to check rigors and burning. 4. Juice of Rasona, Palandu (onion) or Candana (sandal) mixed with breast milk should be put into nostrils in asthma, hiccough. 5. One suffering from wasting, should take Rasona with milk. 6. Dehusked and dried Rasona is boiled in four times milk and four times water and reduced to four times. Intake of this preparation alleviates Vata type of phantom tumour/tumor, "udavarta" (disorder due to suppression of urges), sciatica, cardiac disorders, abscess and swellings. 7. One should take Rasona mixed with wine in morning on empty stomach. It alleviates colic caused by Vata and Kapha and promotes digestive power. 8. Rasona, Pippalimula (root of Piper longum) and Haritaki (Terminalia chebula) should be taken with cow's urine. It is useful in splenomegaly. 9. Used according to the method of rejuvenation, it removes all the coverings except Pitta and "Rakta" (blood). 10. Paste of Rasona mixed with Tila taila (sesame oil) is recommended in disorders of Vata. 11. Rasona and black gram pounded together mixed with rock salt, Ardraka (fresh ginger) and Hing (Ferula assa-foetida) and cooked into cakes in Tila taila (sesame oil) helps in removing lockjaw. 12. Paste of Rasona is used applied on wounds for killing organisms. 13. Tepid juice of Rasona, Ardraka, Sigru (Moringa oleifera), Sobhanjana (a variety of Sigru), Mulaka (Raphanus sativus) and Kadali (Musa paradisiaca) is good for filling the ear. 14. Rasona mixed with ghee and a bit of honey should be taken with milk keeping on diet of rice with milk. When this is continued for one year it provides health and longevity. 15. In disorders of the female genital tract juice of Rasona should be taken in morning keeping on diet of almost milk or meat soup. | ||||
| Formulation | Rasona vati, Lasunadi vati, Rasona pinda, Rasonastaka, Lasunadya ghrta, Rasona sura. | ||||
| Comments | Its mythological origin is as follows: Once Indra (king of gods) robbed the nectar from Garuda (vehicle of Visnu). During carrying, one drop of that nectar fell on the earth. That drop became garlic plant. In Raja nighantu, a variety with big rhizome is called Grnjana. Its leaves are wider. It is identified with Allium ascalonium L. It is called Gandan in the market. As Rasona is pungent and stimulant it can cause adverse effect when consumed improperly. It is not advised in pregnant women. During its consumption, one can use alcohol, sour foods, meat. One should avoid excess of exercise, staying under hot sun for long time, anger, excess water consumption, jaggery during its consumption. Dhanyaka (coriander) is used to dispel its harmful effects. In Pitta disorders it is better to be consumed with sugar. In Kapha disorders, it should be taken with honey and in Vata disorders it should be taken with ghee. It is said to be having 5 rasas except sour taste, hence the name Rasona. Rasona is said to be wholesome in winter and in vasanta when there is kapha increase. In rainy season when there is Vata aggravation it is beneficial. According to dosas in Pitta aggravation, it should be taken with sugar. In Kapha association, it should be taken with honey and in Vata aggravation, it should be taken with ghee. Ugragandha means that it has strong odour. Its synonym yavanesta and mlecchakanda indicates its exotic origin. Dirghapatra means that it has long leaves. Sthulakanda indicates it has dense bulb. | ||||
| References | Reference book Tips！ | [2] Indian Medicinal Plants - A Compendium of 500 species, Varier, P.S., Orient Longman Ltd. Chennai (Madras) Vol. 1 (Repr.1996), pp 93-98. Medicinal plants (Indigenous and exotic) used in Ceylon, Vols. 1-5, 1982. Jayaweera, D.M.A., The National Science Council of Sri Lanka, Colombo Vol. 1, p 56. Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi Vol. 2, pp7 2-75. Classical uses of Medicinal Plants, 1996. Sharma, P.V., Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi pp 321-323. | |||
| Research paper | *C1 Rybak, M. E., Calvey, E. M. and Harnly, J. M.; J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 682-7 (2004). *C2 Oommen, S., Anto, R. J., Srinivas, G. and Karunagaran, D.; J. Pharmacol., 485, 97-103 (2004). *C3 Kao, S. H., Hsu, C. H., Su, S. N., Hor, W. T., Chang, T. W. H. and Chow, L. P.; J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 113, 161-68 (2004). | ||||
| Last renewal date | 2024/01/15 | ||||
