Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market nameLegundi
Other namesJava: legundi (Javanese), lagondi (Sundanese), Langghundi (Madurese); Sumatera: Langgundi (Minangkabau); Celebes: lanra (Makasar), lawarani (Bugis); Mollucas: ai tuban (Ambon) [201]
Original plant nameVitex trifolia Linn.
Family nameVerbenaceae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification leaf
Collection informationRepublic of Indonesia, Lugu Morni
Collection date1994/02/24
CollectorKatsuko Komatsu, et al.
IdentifierMangestuti Agil
TMPW No.14106

Scientific information data base

Crude drug nameIndonesian name,
English name		Legundi
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Original plant nameVitex trifolia Linn.
Family nameVerbenaceae
Used partLeaves
Distribution areaFrom southern Africa, Madagascar and Mauritius to Afghanistan, India, Sri Lanka, Bruma, Indo-China, southern China, Japan, Thailand, throughout the Malaysian region, south to northern Australia and east to New Caledonia. It is widely cultivated for medicinal purpose and ornamental or hedge plants throughout Indonesia. It grows in teak forest, secondary forest and thickets up to 1100 m altitude [201].
DescriptionAll parts of the plant are aromatic.
Leaflets (1-)3, glabrous above, densely greyish puberulous below, median leaflet oblong-elliptical to obovate, 2.5-9.5 cm x 1.5-4 cm, with 6-13 pairs of lateral veins.
The plant is an evergreen shrubs up to 6 m tall, Fruit globose to ovoid, black or bluish-black when mature [205].
Drug effectBitter, neutralizing [231].
Specific actionsLeaves are analgesic, diuretic, diaphoretic, antipyretic, carminative, insecticide; fruits are anthelmintics [231].
Frequency in useModerate
Common usesFresh twigs are used as insecticide and put in the wardrobe among clothes. Smoke obtained from heated twigs is used as mosquito repellent [201].
Pharmacological effectAn ethanol extract (50%) of V. trifolia shows antispasmodic and antihistamine properties.
Oils from the leaves of V. trifolia shows mosquito repellent activity [205].

A research on the actibacterial properties of the petroleum ether and ethanol extracts of Vitex trifolia leaves showed that the extracts exhibited moderate inhibiting activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria [PMID:11543973].

Two compounds, viteosin-A and vitexicarpin, were isolated from the n-hexane extract of Vitex trifolia. Those compounds blocked spontaneous contraction of isolated male guinea pig trachea induced by histamine. The results suggests that vitexicarpin is able to block effects of histamine released from sensitized mast cells possibly by stabilizing the mast cells membrane function [PMID:12451502].

Study on the activity of alcoholic extracts and hexane extracts of 12 plant materials in inhibiting histamine release from RBL-2H3 cells(rat basophilic leukemia cell line) was carried out. Results indicated that five alcoholic extracts (Plantago major leaves, Eucalyptus globulus leaves and fruit, Cinnamomum massoiae cortex, Vitex trifolia leaves) and two hexane extracts (Eucalyptus globulus leaves, Vitex trifolia leaves) inhibited IgE-dependent histamine release from RBL-2H3 cells. This indicates that the extracts contain active compounds that inhibit mast-cell degranulation, and provide insight into the development of new drugs for treating asthma and/or allergic disease [PMID:11297859].
Medical systemIndonesian medicine (Jamu)
Traditional usageTreatment of inflammation, wound healing, menstrual cramps, promote uterine cleansing, gastrointestinal disorders, boils, cough, febrifuge, asthma, and as insecticide.

Twigs and leaves are boiled with water, then crushed and apply on swollen areas of the body.
A mixture of the leaves with leaves of Blumea balsamifera, leaves of Psidium guajava, lemon is heated by adding some water to make an infusion, and drink the infusion to treat beri-beri.

Leaves are put in water and used in medicinal bath during pregnancy and after childbirth. Such bathing is also good for treating whooping cough and spasms (convulsion). Pills made from a mixture of leaves with garlic, seeds of Nigella sativa, turmeric are used in whooping cough.

A mixture with onion and seeds of Nigella sativa is applied on the forehead to treat headache.
A mixture of fresh leaves with dilute alcoholic drink is used by Balinese and Javanese women to expel wind, improve menstruation and uterine cleansing.
A mixture of pounded leaves and vinegar is used to treat spleen disease by applying on the affected area.

Steepings with rhizome of turmeric and sugar is for whooping cough. Fresh leaves are used for wounds; when mixed with dilute vinegar it is used for irregular menstruation and uterine cleansing. Infusion of fresh leaves is used to wash itchy skin.

Ointment made from the leaves and coconut oil is good for boils [201].
Formulation1) Worm infestation:
 15 gram of fresh leaves is boiled with 1 glass of water for 15 minutes, stand to cool, filter and drink immediately [207].

2) Headache:
 Leaves are crushed with seeds of Nigella sativa and onion, and applied on the forehead to treat headache [201].

3) Whooping cough:
 A pill is made from a mixture of V. trifolia leaves, garlic, fruits of Piper album, rhizomes of turmeric. Take the pill to treat whooping cough [201].

4) Cough:
 5 grams of leaves of V. trifolia, 6 grams of rhizomes of Kaempferia galanga, 5 grams of rhizomes of turmeric are boiled in 115 ml of water to make a decoction. Drink 100 ml of the decoction at a time for 14 days [231].

5) Swollen uterus:
 1 handful of leaves of V. trifolia, 6 grams of rhizomes of Curcuma angustifolia are boiled in 110 ml of water to make a decoction. Drink the decoction at a time once a day for 7 days [231].
ReferencesReference book　

Tips！

[201] K. Heyne, Tumbuhan Berguna Indonesia, Vols. 1-4, 1987. Diedarkan Oleh Koperasi Karyawan Departemen Kehutanan, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Vol. 3, pp1680-1681.

[205] de Pdua, L.S., Bunyapraphatsara, N. and Lemmens, R.H.M.J. (Editors), 1990. Plant Resources of South-East Asia No. 12 (1). Medicinal and poisonous plants 1. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, Netherlands.
pp 497-499, 502.

[207] Badan Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Kesehatan and Departemen Kesehatan, Kesejahteraan Sosial Ri. Vols. 1-5, Inventaris Tanaman Obat Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Vol. 1, Part 2 (2001), pp 343-344.

[231] Soedibyo, Mooryati: Alam Sumber Kesehatan: Manfaat dan Kegunaan (Natural resources for health. Benefits and uses). Balai Pustaka. 1998.
p 243.

Research paper1. Alam G, Wahyuono S, Ganjar IG, Hakim L, Timmerman H, Verpoorte R. Tracheospasmolytic activity of viteosin-A and vitexicarpin isolated from Vitex trifolia. Planta Med., 68(11):1047-9, 2002. (PMID: 12451502)

2. Hossain MM, Paul N, Sohrab MH, Rahman E, Rashid MA. Antibacterial activity of Vitex trifolia. Fitoterapia, 72(6):695-7, 2001. (PMID: 11543973)

3. Ikawati Z, Wahyuono S, Maeyama K. Screening of several Indonesian medicinal plants for their inhibitory effect on histamine release from RBL-2H3 cells. J. Ethnopharmacol., 75(2-3):249-56, 2001. (PMID: 11297859)
Last renewal date2024/03/11
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