Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market nameBhargi
Formal nameBharngi
Other names　　　

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Bharangi (H), Kavalai, Narivalai (Ta), Angiyaha, Bhargi, Chinde (N)
English nameTurk's Turban, Tube Flower
Original plant nameClerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze (= Clerodendron siphonanthus (R. Br.) C. B. Clarke), Turk's Turban, Tube Flower
Family nameVerbenaceae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification bark
Collection informationKingdom of Nepal, Kathmandu, Shakya Vaidya Pasal
Collection date1983/07/31
CollectorTsuneo Namba, et al.
TMPW No.6017

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
Production area information
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27.7172453
85.3239605
Collection information
Kingdom of Nepal,Kathmandu
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Scientific information data base

Crude drug nameAyurvedic name or
Sanskrit name, English name		Bharngi (C. indicum), Turk' Turban, Tube Flower.
SynonymsBharngi, Bhanji, Padma, Barbarika, Bharngaparvani, Bhrguja, Brahma, Brahmanayasti, Kardamagandha, Kasaghni, Sauki, Gardabhasaka, Angaraparni, Sukramata, Angaravalli, Padmacari, Bhargavi, Kharasaka, Hanjika, Varsa, Vatari, Surupa, Bhramaresta.
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Original plant nameClerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze (= Clerodendron siphonanthus (R. Br.) C. B. Clarke)
Family nameVerbenaceae
Used partBark (Roots)
Distribution areaSubtropical region of Nepal and almost throughout India upto an altitude of 1200m.
RemarksCommon.
Common usesBharngi is slightly bitter and astringent and is used in asthma, cough and scrofulous affections. A resin obtained from the plant is employed for syphilitic rheumatism. Leaves are used as vermifuge and as bitter tonic. Juice of the leaves and tender branches is used with ghee as an external application in herpetic eruptions and pemphigus. The anthelmintic property is due to a bitter principle present in the leaves. Dried leaves are smoked as tobacco for mild sedation.
Therapeutic usesGulma (phantom tumour/tumor), Kasa (cough), Svasa (asthmatic conditions), Hikka (hiccough), Sopha (oedema), Pinasa (cold), Jvara (fever), Vrana (ulcer), Daha (burning sensation), Yaksma (consumption).
Chemical constituentOther aliphatic and related compounds
Roseoside (*C2), Clerodendrol (*C2), Cleroindicin B (*C3, *C4), Cleroindicin C (*C3, *C4), Cleroindicin D(*C3, *C4), Cleroindicin E (*C3, *C4), Cleroindicin F (*C3, *C4), Cleroindicin A (*C4, *C5)

Sesterterpenoids
Eupafolin (*C2)

Lignans & Neolignans
Lariciresinol 9-O-beta-D-glucoside (*C2)

Flavones & Flavonols
Pectolinarigenin (*C1), Hispidilin (*C1, *C2, *C6)、Hispidulin 7-O-glucuronide (*C2), Scutellarein (*C2), 5,4'-Dihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone (*C6)

Phenol derivatives
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanol (*C2), Uncinatone (*C7)

Pharmacological effectThe plant exhibits antifeedant activity. Two feeding inhibitors, a diterpene hydroquinone, uncinatone I and a flavone, pectolinarigin which have been isolated from the plant inhibit the feeding of adult Sitophilus oryzae.
Medical systemAyurveda (Traditional Indian medicine)
Traditional conceptRasa (Taste)Katu (Pungent), Tikta (Bitter), Madhura (Sweet)
Virya (Potency)Usna (Hot)
Guna (Quality)Guru (Heavy), Ruksa (Dry), Tiksna (Sharp)
Vipaka
(Post digestive taste)		Katu (Pungent)
Karma
(General action)		Dipani (appetiser), Pacani (digestive), Krmighna (anthelmintic).
Dosakarma
(Action on dosa)		Decreases Kapha Vata
Traditional usage1. In asthmatic conditions, paste of Bharngi (Clerodendrum indicum), Sunthi (dry ginger) should be taken with decoction of Devadaru (Cedrus deodara), Citraka (Plumbago zeylanica), Asphota (Clitoria ternatea) and Murva (Marsdenia tenacissima).

2. Bharngi paste is applied on the affected part in poisonous insect bites.

3. One suffering from hiccough and asthma should take Bharngi mixed with Sunthi with hot water or with sugar, Bharngi and Suvarcala (a type of salt).

4. Ghee should be cooked with paste of Bharngi in four times curd and double quantity of Brhati (Solanum indicum) decoction. This helps in cough due to Vata.

5. The same processing of buttermilk is done with Bharngi, Asphota (Clitoria ternatea), Yavani (Trachyspermum ammi), Amalaka (Phyllanthus emblica) and Guduci (Tinospora cordifolia). A jar is pasted inside with root of Bharngi and buttermilk is kept in for a certain period and thereafter used in food and drinks. This is good in piles.

6. In alcoholism, bath is taken with water boiled with Bharngi.

7. Root of Bharngi collected in pusya (a specific constellation) is pounded with sour gruel. Its intake alleviates inguinal hernia.

8. In case of poisoning located in head, roots of Bandhuka (Pentapetes phoenica), Bharngi and black variety of Tulasi (Ocimum sanctum) should be used as snuff.

9. Local application of the root of Bharngi pounded with water is useful in accidental wound.
FormulationBharngi guda, Bharngyadi kvatha.
Related drugsClerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon.
CommentsThere are many species which are sold as Bharngi. Though most of the authors have identified Bharngi botanically as Clerodendrum serratum, P. V. Sharma opines that C. indicum as well as Premna herbacea are well known as Bharngi.

Bharngi is included in Pippalyadi gana by Susruta.

Its synonym kardamagandha indicates that it possess bad odour. Gardhabhasaka indicate it is eaten by asses. Kharasaka means its stem is rough to touch.

Its leaves are said to be tridosahrt (pacifies all dosas) and useful in jvara (fever) and daha (burning sensation).
ReferencesReference book　

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[2] Indian Medicinal Plants - A Compendium of 500 species, Varier, P.S., Orient Longman Ltd. Chennai (Madras)
Vol. 2 (Repr.1997), pp 121-123.

Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, 1956. Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L. and Chopra, I.C., Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi. - New Edition (1996) National Institute Science Communication; Supplement
p 71.

Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi
Vol. 2, pp 298-300.

Classical uses of Medicinal Plants, 1996. Sharma, P.V., Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi
pp 275-276.

Medicinal plants of Nepal
pp 104-105.

Research paper*C1 Rahman, M. A. A., Azam, A. T. M. Z. and Gafur, M. A.; Pak. J. Pharm., 17, 1-6 (2000).
*C2 Tian, J., Sun, H.; Tianran Chanwu Yanjiu Yu Kaifa, 11, 1-5 (1999).
*C3 Tian, J., Zhao, Q. S., Zhang, H. J., Lin, Z. W. and Sun, H. D.; Chin. Chem. Lett., 8, 129-32 (1997).
*C4 Tian, J., Zhao, Q. S., Zhang, H. J., Lin, Z. W. and Sun, H. D.; J. Nat. Prod., 60, 766-69 (1997).
*C5 Tian, J., Zhao, Q. S., Lin, Z. W. and Sun, H. D.; Chin. Chem. Lett., 7, 279-82 (1996).
*C6 Barua, A. S., Pal, S., Chowdhury, A. and Adityachaudhury, N.; Indian J. Chem., Sect. B: 28B, 198 (1989).
*C7 Pal, S., Roy, M., Chowdhury, A. and Adityachaudhury, N.; Indian J. Chem., Sect. B: 27B, 696-97 (1988).
Remarks1.Clerodendrum serratum (L.) and 2. Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze (= Clerodendron siphonanthus (R.Br.) C.B.), both are reported to be sources of drug Bharngi.
Last renewal date2024/04/16
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