Crude drug sample data base

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Crude drug name

Market nameDuralabaha
Formal nameDhanvayasa
Other names　　　

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Ustarkhar (H), Chittigara (Te)
Original plant nameFagonia cretica Linn.
Family nameZygophyllaceae
Used partClassificationPlant origin
Sub classification whole plant
Collection informationDemocratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Ayurveda Cooperation
Collection date1983/02/
TMPW No.1554

The capital city, provincial capital city or the representative　　
location of its administrative area is indicated.　　
Production area information
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6.9270786
79.86124300000006
Collection information
Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka,Colombo
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Scientific information data base

Crude drug nameAyurvedic name or
Sanskrit name, English name		Dhanvayasa
SynonymsDuralabha, Duralambhi, Samudranta, Rodani, Gandhari, Kacchura, ananta, Kasaya, Durlabha, Graha, Tamramuli, Duhsparsa, Dhanvi, Dhanvayasaka, Prabodhini, Suksmadala, Virupa, Durabhigraha, Duspragharsa.
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Original plant nameFagonia cretica Linn.
Family nameZygophyllaceae
Used partWhole plant
Distribution areaA small genus of erect or prostrate, more or less woody herbs and undershrubs distributed throughout India from Punjab, Bengal, Assam. N. Circas, Deccan, Carnatik, the Western Ghats and Kerala.
RemarksCommon
Common usesThis is acrid, bitter, cooling and emmenagogue. It is used in asthma, liver trouble, chronic bronchitis, chronic fever, dropsy, delirium, spitting of blood, ophthalmia, toothache, stomatitis, toxicosis, diarrhea, tumors, phantom tumor, excessive urinary secretion, thirst, vomiting, dermatitis, scabies, and poisoning.

Leaves are cooling, useful in fevers, thirst, vomiting, boils, leucoderma and biliousness (Unani). It has great reputation as a suppurative in cases of abscesses from thorns, etc. The juice is thought to prevent suppuration when applied to open wounds.
Therapeutic usesJvara (fever), Vatasra (blood vitiated by Vata), Gulma (phantom tumor), Prameha (polyuria), Visa (poisoning), Trt (thirst), Chardi (vomiting), Moha (loss of consciousness), Kasa (cough), Arsas (haemorrhoids/hemorrhoids), Visamajvara (periodic fever).
Chemical constituentFatty acids related compounds
Docosyl docosanoate (*C8)

Triterpenoid saponins
3-O-[beta-d-glucopyranosyl(1->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]hederagenin 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (*C1), 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]oleanolic acid 28-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1->6)- beta-D-glucopyranosyl]ester (*C1), 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]27-hydroxyoleanolic acid 28-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1->6)- beta-D-glucopyranosyl]ester (*C1),
3beta-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]olean-12-en-27-al-28-
oic acid 28-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1->6)- beta-D-glucopyranosyl]ester (*C1), 3-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]27-hydroxyoleanolic acid 28-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1->6)- beta-D-glucopyranosyl]ester (*C2),
3beta-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1?2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]olean-12-en-27-al-28-
oic acid 28-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1->6)- beta-D-glucopyranosyl]ester (*C2),
23-Hydroxy-3-(alpha-L-arabinopyranosyloxy)olean-12-en-28-oic acid beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (*C3), 23-Hydroxy-3-[(2-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]olean-12-en-
28-oic acid beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (*C3), 3-[(2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]olean-12-en-
28-oic acid beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (*C3), 3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)olean-12-en-3,23-diol-28-beta-oic acid (*C7), 3-O-[4-O-{5-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-D-pentofuranosyl}-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl]olean-12-en-3,23-diol-28-beta-oic acid (*C7), 3-O-[4-O- (beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl]olean-12-en-3,23-diol-28-beta-oic acid (*C7)

Flavonoids
Kaempferol (*C4, *C6), Quercetin (*C4), 3,5,7,4’-Tetrahydroxy-8-methoxyflavone (*C6)

Others
Ascorbic acid (*C5)

Medical systemAyurveda (Traditional Indian medicine)
Traditional conceptRasa (Taste)Kasaya (Astringent), Tikta (Bitter), Madhura (Sweet), Katu (Pungent)
Virya (Potency)Usna (Hot)
Guna (Quality)Laghu (Light), Snigdha (Unctuous)
Vipaka
(Post digestive taste)		Madhura (Sweet)
Karma
(General action)		Dipana (appetiser), Pacana (digestive), Avrsya (causes loss of libido), Mutrala (diuretic), Rocana (improves taste), Grahi (constipating).
Dosakarma
(Action on dosa)		Decreases all three dosas
Traditional usage1. Paste of Duralabha (Fegonia cretica) root should be taken along with diet of milk processed with the same Duralabha root in atisara (diarrhoea).

2. A compound preparation called Duralabhasava is advised internally in Grahani roga (sprue)

3. Duralabha with honey should be taken to check vomiting caused by Kapha.

4. In case of retention of urine, one should take juice of Duralabha or infusion of Kunkuma (Crocus sativus) or Ervaru (Cucumis utilissimus) seeds mixed with a little salt with water or milk cooked with Pancamula* (a group of five roots) or grape juice.

5. In intrinsic haemorrhage, Duralabha is one of the drugs used along with Candana (sandalwood) in various forms and administration.


Pancamula*: a group of five roots of Salaparni, Prsniparni, Brhati, Kantakari and Goksura. It is used for the treatment of all major fevers.
FormulationDuralabharista, Duralabhadi kasaya, Dasamularistam, Rasnadi kasaya
Related drugsAlhagi maurorum Baker
CommentsIts synonym Duralabha means it is a drug which is difficult to avail. Gandhari means it probably originated in Gandhara desa i.e. present Afghanistan. Dusparsa and duspragharsa means its coarse to touch. Suksmadala means its leaves are small. Virupa means it is ugly to look at.

There exists controversy in the identification of this plant. In 'Ayurvedic Formulary of India', the botanical name given for 'Duralabha' is Fagonia cretica L. In South India, generally Tragia involucrata L. is being used in the name of Duralabha.
ReferencesReference book　

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[2] Indian Medicinal Plants - A Compendium of 500 species, Varier, P.S., Orient Longman Ltd. Chennai (Madras)
Vol. 5 (Repr.1997), p 304, Vol. 3 (Repr.1996), p 138.

Ayurvedic Drugs and Their Plant Sources, 1994. Sivarajan, V.V. and Balachandran, I., Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
p 144.

Indian Medicinal Plants (Second Edition), Vols. 1-5, 1993. Kirtikar, K.R. and Basu. B.D., Periodical Experts Book Agency, Delhi
Vol. 1, pp 426-427.

Plants in Ayurveda (A Compendium of Botanical and Sanskrit Names), 1997. Abdul Kareem, M., Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore
63.

Dravyagunavijnana, Vols. 1-5, reprint 1998. Sharma, P.V., Chowkhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi
Vol. 2, pp 318-320.

Classical uses of Medicinal Plants, 1996. Sharma, P.V., Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi
p 194.

Research paper*C1 Khalik, S. M. A., Miyase, T., El-Ashaal, H. A. and Melek, F. R.; Phytochemistry, 54, 853-59 (2000).
*C2 Khalik, S. M. A., Miyase, T., Melek, F. R.and El-Ashaal, H. A.; Pharmazie, 56, 247-50 (2001).
*C3 Melek, F. R., Khalik, S. M. A., Miyase, T. and Haggag, M. Y.; Fitoterapia, 65, 363-66 (1994).
*C4 Harsh, M. L. and Nag, T. N.; Geobios, 15, 32-35 (1988).
*C5 Nag, T. N., Sharda, T., Asha, S., Shekhawat, S. S. and Harsh, M. L.; Indian J. Bot., 9, 112-13 (1986).
*C6 Al-Wakeel, S, A. M., El-Negoumy, S. I., El-Hadidi, M. N. and Saleh, N. A. M.; Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 15, 459-60 (1987).
*C7 Batterjee, S. M., Shoeb, H., Refahy, L. A. and El-Hashash, M. A.; Int. J. Chem., 12, 143-49 (2002).
*C8 Hamid, A. M., Ashraf, C. M. and Attaur-Rehman; Arab Gulf J. Sci. Res., A, 7, 29-34 (1989).
RemarksMany authors treat yavasa and duralabha as two separate drugs, yasa or yasava is equated with Alhagi maurorum Baker and durlabha or dhanvayasa with Fagonia arabica L. However Ayurvedic formulary of India accepts Fagonia arabica as the correct source and suggests that Alhagi maurorum as substitute.
Last renewal date2023/11/16
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